42 research outputs found

    ์ฃผ์š” ์šฐ์šธ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ถ„์„: ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐœํ™”์˜ ์Œํ–ฅ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€(๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ •๋ณด์œตํ•ฉ์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์ด๊ต๊ตฌ.Major depressive disorder (commonly referred to as depression) is a common disorder that affects 3.8% of the world's population. Depression stems from various causes, such as genetics, aging, social factors, and abnormalities in the neurotransmitter system; thus, early detection and monitoring are essential. The human voice is considered a representative biomarker for observing depression; accordingly, several studies have developed an automatic depression diagnosis system based on speech. However, constructing a speech corpus is a challenge, studies focus on adults under 60 years of age, and there are insufficient medical hypotheses based on the clinical findings of psychiatrists, limiting the evolution of the medical diagnostic tool. Moreover, the effect of taking antipsychotic drugs on speech characteristics during the treatment phase is overlooked. Thus, this thesis studies a speech-based automatic depression diagnosis system at the semantic level (sentence). First, to analyze depression among the elderly whose emotional changes do not adequately reflect speech characteristics, it developed the mood-induced sentence to build the elderly depression speech corpus and designed an automatic depression diagnosis system for the elderly. Second, it constructed an extrapyramidal symptom speech corpus to investigate the extrapyramidal symptoms, a typical side effect that can appear from an antipsychotic drug overdose. Accordingly, there is a strong correlation between the antipsychotic dose and speech characteristics. The study paved the way for a comprehensive examination of the automatic diagnosis system for depression.์ฃผ์š” ์šฐ์šธ ์žฅ์•  ์ฆ‰ ํ”ํžˆ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์ปฌ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์žฅ์• ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ ์ค‘ 3.8%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช์€๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ์ „, ๋…ธํ™”, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์ธ, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ด์ƒ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์€ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ๋ฐ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ์€ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ•œ ์ž๋™ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ง๋ญ‰์น˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ 60์„ธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœํ•œ ์˜ํ•™์  ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ •์˜ ๋ฏธํก๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ์„ฑ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณต์šฉ์ด ์Œ์„ฑ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ก ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€ (๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‹จ์œ„)์—์„œ์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋™ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์Œ์„ฑ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์ธต์˜ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์ • ๋ฐœํ™” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์ธ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ง๋ญ‰์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ์ธ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ฐœํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ • ์ „์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋…ธ์ธ์ธต์˜ ์ž๋™ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ณต์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ธ ์ถ”์ฒด์™ธ๋กœ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”์ฒด์™ธ๋กœ ์ฆ์ƒ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ง๋ญ‰์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์Œ์„ฑ ํŠน์ง•๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์Œ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์š” ์šฐ์šธ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research Motivations 3 1.1.1 Bridging the Gap Between Clinical View and Engineering 3 1.1.2 Limitations of Conventional Depressed Speech Corpora 4 1.1.3 Lack of Studies on Depression Among the Elderly 4 1.1.4 Depression Analysis on Semantic Level 6 1.1.5 How Antipsychotic Drug Affects the Human Voice? 7 1.2 Thesis objectives 9 1.3 Outline of the thesis 10 Chapter 2 Theoretical Background 13 2.1 Clinical View of Major Depressive Disorder 13 2.1.1 Types of Depression 14 2.1.2 Major Causes of Depression 15 2.1.3 Symptoms of Depression 17 2.1.4 Diagnosis of Depression 17 2.2 Objective Diagnostic Markers of Depression 19 2.3 Speech in Mental Disorder 19 2.4 Speech Production and Depression 21 2.5 Automatic Depression Diagnostic System 23 2.5.1 Acoustic Feature Representation 24 2.5.2 Classification / Prediction 27 Chapter 3 Developing Sentences for New Depressed Speech Corpus 31 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Building Depressed Speech Corpus 32 3.2.1 Elements of Speech Corpus Production 32 3.2.2 Conventional Depressed Speech Corpora 35 3.2.3 Factors Affecting Depressed Speech Characteristics 39 3.3 Motivations 40 3.3.1 Limitations of Conventional Depressed Speech Corpora 40 3.3.2 Attitude of Subjects to Depression: Masked Depression 43 3.3.3 Emotions in Reading 45 3.3.4 Objectives of this Chapter 45 3.4 Proposed Methods 46 3.4.1 Selection of Words 46 3.4.2 Structure of Sentence 47 3.5 Results 49 3.5.1 Mood-Inducing Sentences (MIS) 49 3.5.2 Neutral Sentences for Extrapyramidal Symptom Analysis 49 3.6 Summary 51 Chapter 4 Screening Depression in The Elderly 52 4.1 Introduction 52 4.2 Korean Elderly Depressive Speech Corpus 55 4.2.1 Participants 55 4.2.2 Recording Procedure 57 4.2.3 Recording Specification 58 4.3 Proposed Methods 59 4.3.1 Voice-based Screening Algorithm for Depression 59 4.3.2 Extraction of Acoustic Features 59 4.3.3 Feature Selection System and Distance Computation 62 4.3.4 Classification and Statistical Analyses 63 4.4 Results 65 4.5 Discussion 69 4.6 Summary 74 Chapter 5 Correlation Analysis of Antipsychotic Dose and Speech Characteristics 75 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Korean Extrapyramidal Symptoms Speech Corpus 78 5.2.1 Participants 78 5.2.2 Recording Process 79 5.2.3 Extrapyramidal Symptoms Annotation and Equivalent Dose Calculations 80 5.3 Proposed Methods 81 5.3.1 Acoustic Feature Extraction 81 5.3.2 Speech Characteristics Analysis recording to Eq.dose 83 5.4 Results 83 5.5 Discussion 87 5.6 Summary 90 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Work 91 6.1 Conclusions 91 6.2 Future work 95 Bibliography 97 ์ดˆ ๋ก 121๋ฐ•

    Non-classical crystallization of Al2O3 films by positively charged nanoparticles during aerosol deposition

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€(ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ), 2022. 8. ํ™ฉ๋†๋ฌธ.Thin film growth through non-classical crystallization with a building block of charged nanoparticles (CNPs) has been studied in several fields, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD). To determine whether the same mechanism can be applied for aerosol deposition (AD) at room temperature, the generation and deposition behavior of CNPs were studied in the AD process for the first time. By measuring the current and examining the bias effect on the deposition behavior, it was confirmed that the fragmentation of Al2O3 particles generated numerous positively charged secondary nanoparticles as well as electrons by fracto-emission. In this work, the secondary particles passing between the two parallel biased and grounded electrodes were captured by the TEM grid membrane on each electrode, and it was revealed that they were mainly positively charged. Neutral secondary nanoparticles, not deflected by the electric field, produced a porous film on the silicon substrate, whereas charged secondary nanoparticles produced a dense film. The excess positive charging effects on the stacking fault energies of main slip systems were examined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. When the electrons were removed, the activation barriers to create the stacking fault were decreased. The hypothesis that positive charges induce plastic deformation of secondary particles was supported by experiments and ab initio calculations. These results suggest that the positively charged secondary particles may be a major flux for film growth in the AD process. Combining the results, an aerosol deposition mechanism considering the charging effect was proposed.ํ•˜์ „ ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž (CNPs)๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๋ธ”๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„๊ณ ์ „์  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ™” ์ด๋ก ์€ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ฒ• (CVD) ์™€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ฒ• (PVD)์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ ์ฆ์ฐฉ (AD) ๊ณต์ •์€ ์•„์ง ๊ทธ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ณต์ •์„ ๋น„๊ณ ์ „์  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ™” ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜์ „ ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜์ธก์ •๊ณผ ๋ฐ”์ด์–ด์Šค์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฐํ™”์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํŒŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ „ ๋œ ์ด์ฐจ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ฐจ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ ์ „๊ทน์—์„œ ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ (TEM) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฉค๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ์— ํฌ์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ฐจ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ „ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ•˜์ „ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ œ์–ดํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ „ ๋œ ์ด์ฐจ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๊ธฐํŒ์— ์น˜๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘์„ฑ ์ด์ฐจ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฒ”ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐํ™”์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ธต ๊ฒฐํ•จ ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์ฐจ์ž…์ž์˜ ์†Œ์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๊ณ ์ „์  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ™” ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—์–ด๋กœ์กธ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ณต์ •์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Non-classical crystallization 2 1.2 Aerosol deposition 7 Chapter 2. Generation of electrons and positively charged secondary nanoparticles by fracto-emission 10 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Experimental method 13 2.3 Results and discussion 17 2.4 Conclusion 36 Chapter 3. Deposition behavior of secondary nanoparticles with and without positive charge 37 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Experimental method 40 3.3 Results and discussion 43 3.4 Conclusion 53 Chapter 4. Positive charge effect on plastic deformation of Al2O3 (ab-initio calculation) 54 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Computational method 56 4.3 Results and discussion 59 4.4 Conclusion 66 Chapter 5. Effect of discharge on optical and mechanical properties of Al2O3 films 67 5.1 Introduction 68 5.2 Experimental method 70 5.3 Results and discussion 72 5.4 Conclusion 84 Chapter 6. Aerosol deposition mechanism of Al2O3 films 85 Referernces 92 Abstract in Korean 103๋ฐ•

    PVD๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ์ฐฉํ•œ TiN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์‹ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ถ„์„

    Get PDF
    Recently, the lifetime extension of nuclear power plant is rearing so it is necessary to have facility safety management and economical management. However, when bolts in nuclear power plant are replaced and turbine overhauls for nuclear power plant are disassembled, there are lot of problems due to an occurrence of stuck bolt in clamping part. In order to solve these problems, first, hybrid vacuum chamber was designed and manufactured which can deposit Arc ion plating and Sputtering. So with the method of Arc ion plating and Sputtering, we used the machine to deposit TiN on A913 B7 bolt. The compositions and characteristics of the bolt which are XRD and SEM and the mechanical properties of tensile strength, yield strength and elongation were analyzed and through corrosion rate test, neutral salt spray test, block test and irradiation exposure test, it was tested how long the bolt can endure various conditions in nuclear power plant. In the result of observation of SEM and XRD, the continual and even coating layer was clearly seen. In the test of corrosion characteristics of a boric acid solution, TiN coating bolt showed the least corrosion rate and had the least external transition. Characteristics of the base material were not changed due to the coating deposition. The coating deposition does not interfere with the base material characteristics. Through the neutral salt spray test, the TiN bolt was able to endure in brine for 200 hours. Through Irradiation exposure test, the specimen's test result was confirmed that the mechanical properties are preserved comparing to radiation gamma irradiation before. When this TiN coating bolt are used to a nuclear power plant, lifetime can be extended compared to conventional bolt, but it needs to be checked what kind of properties are required additionally.1. ์„œ ๋ก  1 2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 2.1 ์ฆ์ฐฉ๊ณต์ • 6 2.1.1 ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ •์˜ 6 2.1.2 ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 6 2.1.3 ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ฆ๊ธฐ์ฆ์ฐฉ(Physical vapour deposition)๊ณต์ • 8 2.2 ์ฆ์ฐฉ๊ณต์ •์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ 10 2.3 ์ด์˜จ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŒ… ๊ณต์ • 13 2.3.1 ์ด์˜จ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŒ… ๊ณต์ •์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ 13 2.3.2 ์ด์˜จ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŒ…์˜ ํŠน์ง• 15 2.3.3 ์ด์˜จ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŒ…์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 15 2.4 ์Šคํผํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ณต์ • 16 2.4.1 ์Šคํผํ„ฐ๋ง ๊ณต์ •์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ 16 2.5 TiN์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ยท๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์„ฑ์งˆ 20 3. ์‹คํ—˜์žฅ๋น„ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 23 3.1 ์‹คํ—˜๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 23 3.1.1 ์‹œํ—˜ํŽธ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ชฉ์  23 3.1.2 ์‹œํ—˜ํŽธ ์ œ์ž‘ 24 3.2 ์‹คํ—˜์žฅ๋น„ ์ œ์ž‘ 27 3.2.1 ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์ฆ์ฐฉ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ฐœ์š” 27 3.2.2 ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์ฆ์ฐฉ์žฅ๋น„ ์„ค๊ณ„ 27 3.2.3 ์ง„๊ณตํŽŒํ”„ 30 3.2.4 ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 3.3 ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 33 3.3.1 SEM, XRD ์ธก์ • 33 3.3.2 ๋‚ด๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ 33 3.3.3 ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ 33 3.3.4 ๋ถ•์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ€์‹ํŠน์„ฑ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ 33 3.3.4.1 ๋ถ•์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ€์‹ํŠน์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 34 3.3.5 ์—ผ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋ฌด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ 35 4. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 36 4.1 ๋ชจ์žฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 36 4.1.1 ์‹œํ—˜ํŽธ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ 36 4.1.2 ์‹œํ—˜ํŽธ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ถ„์„ 44 4.2 TiN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋ชจํด๋กœ์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ 46 4.2.1 Ti ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ SEM image ๋ถ„์„ 46 4.2.2 TiN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ SEM image ๋ถ„์„ 48 4.2.3 Ti/TiN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ SEM image ๋ถ„์„ 50 4.3 TiN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฐฐํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๊ด€์ฐฐ 52 4.3.1 TiN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ XRD pattern ๋ถ„์„ 52 4.3.2 Ti/TiN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ XRD pattern ๋ถ„์„ 58 4.4 ๋‚ด๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 60 4.5 ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 63 4.6 ๋‚ด์‹ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 65 4.6.1 ๋ถ•์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์‹์„ฑ 65 4.6.2 ์—ผ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์‹์„ฑ 70 5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  75 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 7

    ์ด์›์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ, 2021.8. ๊ฐ•์ƒ๊ฒฝ.The purpose of this study is to examine whether unemployment among young adults affects the level of problem drinking behavior based on Lazarus & Folkmanโ€™s stress-coping model and to identify whether two dimensions of self-esteem mediate the relationship between unemployment and problem drinking. The youth strive to have jobs and to achieve the developmental task of belonging in their life cycles, which can cause stress. They are prone to drink alcohol as a way of dealing with stress to reduce the tension and negative emotions. An early intervention and prevention of problem drinking in youth are important because even if the level is low, it can affect rest of their lives. According to the stress-coping model, stress depends on cognitive process which is a combination of external environmental needs and individual resources. Thus, individual differences in the perception and the interpretation about the stressful environment are important. In other words, even if individuals are equally unemployed, one can find it stressful while others do not. This is because cognitive appraisals vary depending on the causative antecedents that individuals have for stress and the coping behaviors that are also different for each individual. Here, the positive and negative self-esteem are in charge of cognitive appraisals according to causative antecedents. Therefore, this study predicted that two dimensions of self-esteem could change the cognitive appraisals of stressor, an unemployment, and thus change the level of emotional-focused coping behavior, a problem drinking. Identifying such mediators between stress and coping is important because it can provide alternatives to protect individuals from the impacts of stress. The research questions in this study are as follows. First, does the youth unemployment affect problem drinking levels? Second, does the unemployment affect two dimensions of self-esteem (positive and negative self-esteem)? That is, is positive(negative) self-esteem of unemployed youth lower(higher) than that of the employed youth? Third, does the unemployment of youth affect problem drinking levels through two dimensions of self-esteem (positive and negative self-esteem)? To verify these research questions, the 13th data (2019) of the Youth Panel (YP 2007) was exploited and 2,682 young people aged 25 to 39 were analyzed who responded to all of questions regarding major variables, except for the economically inactive population. The main variables were unemployment as independent variable, positive self-esteem and negative self-esteem as mediators, problem drinking levels as dependent variable, gender, age, education levels, household income, marriage status, religion, and subjective health status as control variables. Baron & Kennyโ€™s three-stage mediation effect analysis through multi-regression analysis was utilized and Sobel-test was used to verify the significance of the mediated effect. The main findings of the study are as follows. First, the youth unemployment had a significant positive effect on the level of problem drinking behavior. In other words, unemployed young adults showed a higher level of problem drinking than those employed. These results can be explained by the stress-coping model that unemployment causes tension and acts as stress in young people, raising the level of problem drinking. Second, unemployment was not associated with a positive self-esteem, but it had a significant positive effect on negative self-esteem. This indicates that unemployment causes psychological difficulties which are increased the negative self-esteem for individuals. Third, positive self-esteem did not meditate the relationship between unemployment and problem drinking, but negative self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between unemployment and problem drinking. In other words, unemployed young people have higher negative self-esteem than those employed, and the level of problem drinking increases through this increased negative self-esteem. Sobel-test results were also statistically significant to confirm the significance of the mediation effect. The theoretical implications of the study are as follows. First, the study reveals the impact of unemployment on problem drinking based on the stress-coping model, and demonstrates that negative self-esteem mediates the impact. These results confirm that the importance of cognitive evaluation according to causal prior variables claimed by Lazarus & Folkman (1984) has been verified, especially with the subtype of self-esteem. Second, it is meaningful that this study focused on problem drinking among the results of unemployment and examined the relevance of the two dimensions of self-esteem. This is linked to the discussion that for individuals, jobs mean beyond sources of income and also affect psychological internal structures such as self-concept and identity. In particular, by examining increased problem drinking and negative self-esteem, the specific negative effects of unemployment, the study contributed to the need for intervention in psychological and emotional difficulties of unemployed young people, moving from the existing discourse of economic difficulties such as loss of income due to unemployment. Third, by accepting two dimensions of self-esteem hypothesis, the analysis was conducted by dividing self-esteem into positive and negative self-esteem, confirming that the two dimensions of self-esteem were properly applied to young Koreans. Fourth, the 13th data (2019) of the Youth Panel (YP 2007) used in this study are national representative panel data sampled from seven metropolitan cities including Seoul and nine provinces including Jeju Island. Therefore, this study relatively secured the representation and external validity of the samples. This study also provides both policy and practical implications. First, the findings suggest the need to intervene youth in problem drinking and confirm that unemployment should be considered an important factor in the intervention. To this end, it is necessary to focus on the unemployed young adultsโ€™ problem drinking and link them with employment centers. Second, in an intervention for problem drinking, efforts to relieve negative self-esteem are required. This can be related to psychological and social interventions, one of the non-drug treatments for alcoholics. Finally, it is necessary to expand counselings and programs to intervene in the psychological and emotional crisis of unemployed young people. Currently, there are consultations and psychological support projects for unemployed young people in the Regional Job Center of the Ministry of Employment and Labor and some local governments. But, there is a gap in the amount and quality of service benefits. Efforts to replenish manpower and resources are requested to solve this problem.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ Lazarus์™€ Folkman์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค-๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€, ์‹ค์—…๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์›์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ์—…์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋…„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์ดํ›„ ์ƒ์•  ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐœ์ž…๊ณผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค-๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž์› ๊ฐ„ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ์— ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•ด์„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ์  ์„ ํ–‰๋ณ€์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์‹ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์›์ธ์  ์„ ํ–‰๋ณ€์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธ์ •์ , ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด์›์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์›(stressor)์ธ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์ด์›์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ(๊ธ์ •์ , ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ฆ‰, ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ (๋ถ€์ •์ ) ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์ด ์ทจ์—… ์ƒํƒœ ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ (๋ถ€์ •์ ) ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€๊ฐ€(๋†’์€๊ฐ€)? ์…‹์งธ, ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์ด์›์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ(๊ธ์ •์ , ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ)์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒญ๋…„ํŒจ๋„(YP 2007) 13์ฐจ ์ž๋ฃŒ(2019๋…„)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๊ฒฐ์ธก์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”, ๋น„๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 25์„ธ ์ด์ƒ 39์„ธ ์ดํ•˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ 2,682๋ช…์„ ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํƒœ, ์ข…๊ต, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์‹ค์—… ์—ฌ๋ถ€(๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜)๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •์ (๋ถ€์ •์ ) ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ(๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜)์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€(์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์€ Baron & Kenny์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ Sobel-test๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ํ–‰์œ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ์ธ ์ฒญ๋…„์ด ์ทจ์—… ์ƒํƒœ์ธ ์ฒญ๋…„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค-๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹ค์—…์ด ๊ธ์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์—…์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ธ์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์€ ์‹ค์—…๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์€ ์‹ค์—…๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹ค์—…์ž์ธ ์ฒญ๋…„์ด ์ทจ์—… ์ฒญ๋…„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. Sobel-test ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค-๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์—…์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Lazarus & Folkman(1984)์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ์›์ธ์  ์„ ํ–‰๋ณ€์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹ค์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด ์ด์›์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์ง์—…์ด๋ž€ ์†Œ๋“์›์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์ž์•„๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹ค์—…์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹ค์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†Œ๋“ ์ƒ์‹ค ๋“ฑ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€์˜ ๋‹ด๋ก ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌยท์ •์„œ์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ด์›์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์„ ๊ธ์ •์ , ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์˜ ์ด์›์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ฒญ๋…„ํŒจ๋„(YP 2007) 13์ฐจ ์ž๋ฃŒ(2019)๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 7๊ฐœ ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ, ์ œ์ฃผ๋„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 9๊ฐœ ๋„์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ์ „๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ํŒจ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์™ธ์  ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต์  ํ™•๋ณดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์ฑ…์ ยท์‹ค์ฒœ์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์—… ์ฒญ๋…„์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ ํ™”๋œ ๊ฐœ์ž…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์„ผํ„ฐ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์•ฝ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ค‘์žฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ ์ฒญ๋…„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌยท์ •์„œ์  ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹ด ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋…ธ๋™๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๊ณ ์šฉ์„ผํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌยท์ •์„œ ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹ด์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ์งˆ์— ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ž์›์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 7 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  8 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค-๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ 8 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋กœ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ 12 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์—… 18 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 22 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์Œ์ฃผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์š”์ธ 29 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 32 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 32 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 33 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 34 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ. ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 34 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ์ธก์ • 39 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 44 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 46 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 46 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 52 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ. ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ฆ 54 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  68 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 68 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋…ผ์˜ 71 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 76 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ์ œ์–ธ 82 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 85 Abstract 110์„

    ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ ํŽธํ–ฅ์  ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž(biased mediator)์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ •์น˜์™ธ๊ตํ•™๋ถ€(์™ธ๊ตํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์‹ ๋ฒ”์‹.2015๋…„ 7์›” 14์ผ ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ P5+1์€ ํฌ๊ด„์ ๊ณต๋™ํ–‰๋™๊ณ„ํš(JCPOA)์„ ํƒ€๊ฒฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ตํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ํƒ€๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด๋ž€ ์š”์ธ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ด๋ž€์— ํŽธํ–ฅ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ํ˜‘์ƒ์— ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํŽธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž๋„ ํ˜‘์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ตํ˜‘์ƒ์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํƒ€๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ตํ˜‘์ƒ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ด๋ž€์— ํŽธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ค‘๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ž€์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ œ์žฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์•• ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋ง๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜ ์ดํ–‰์„ ๋ณด์ฆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ์œˆ์…‹ ๋ฐ ZOPA์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ตํ˜‘์ƒ ํƒ€๊ฒฐ์— ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ• ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ์œˆ์…‹, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋™์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ ์งˆ์„œ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž์˜ ํŽธํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถํ•ต ํ˜‘์ƒ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•จ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.On July 14, 2015, Iran and P5+1 signed in Iran nuclear deal, Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Most of the existing studies focus on the US and Iran factors in Iran nuclear negotiation. On the other hand, little attention is paid to Russia's role as an mediator, or evaluated to have been a spoiler, since Russia was biased toward Iran. However, Russia also seems to have played a major role in the Iranian nuclear negotiation, to the extent that there is a view that the Iran nuclear deal would not have been concluded without Russia. Accordingly, this thesis conducts a single case study on Russia's mediator role in the process of Iranian nuclear negotiation. Through research, this thesis argues that Russia was able to contribute to the negotiations because Russia was a biased mediator toward Iran in the asymmetric negotiation between US and Iran. Russia played the role of mediator in the process of Iran nuclear negotiation, promoting communication between the US and Iran, using compensatory and coercive methods such as economic cooperation and sanctions against Iran, and solving commitment problem. Factors influencing Russia's mediator role include US and Irans win-set, Russia's national strategy and Russia-US relation, Russia's Middle Eastern policy and regional order, and Russia-Iran relations. Although there are several limitations in this thesis, it is hoped that it will contribute to the research on the biased mediator in negotiation theory, and give implication to North Korea nuclear negotiation, and furthermore, provide opportunity to contemplate Koreas role as mediator in International politics.์ œ 1 ์žฅ. ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  3 1. ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ตํ˜‘์ƒ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3 2. ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด๋ก  ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 15 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 17 1. ๋‹จ์ผ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ 17 2. ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ 18 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 19 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 20 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ. ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์ •์˜ 20 1. ์ œ3์ž๊ฐœ์ž… ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ˜• 20 2. ์œˆ์…‹๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์˜์—ญ 21 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ. ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์ด๋ก  23 1. ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ•  ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 23 2. ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ• ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 24 3. ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž์˜ ํŽธํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ํ˜‘์ƒ 28 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 30 1. ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ ํŽธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  30 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 34 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ. ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ตํ˜‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฐ P5+1์˜ ์ž…์žฅ 37 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ. ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ตํ˜‘์ƒ ๊ฐœ์š” 37 1. ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ตํ˜‘์ƒ ๊ฐœ์š” 37 2. ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ต ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ 38 3. ์ฃผ์š” ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ต ์‹œ์„ค 41 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ. ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ P5+1 ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ž…์žฅ 44 1. ์ด๋ž€์˜ ์ž…์žฅ 44 2. P5+1์˜ ์ž…์žฅ 47 3. ์ง€์—ญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ž…์žฅ 60 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ž…์žฅ 64 1. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ „๋žต 64 2. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋™์ •์ฑ… 67 3. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 73 4. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ž…์žฅ 79 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ. ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ตํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์—ญํ•  ๋ถ„์„ 86 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ. ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„(2002-2005): ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ 86 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 86 2. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ญํ•  89 3. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ 90 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ. ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ค‘๊ธฐ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„(2006-2008): ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ •์ฒด๊ธฐ 99 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 99 2. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ญํ•  103 3. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ 105 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ. ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ค‘๊ธฐ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„(2009-2012): ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ง„์ „๊ธฐ 115 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 115 2. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ญํ•  123 3. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ 126 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ. ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋ง๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„(2013-2015): ํ•ฉ์˜ ํƒ€๊ฒฐ๊ธฐ 138 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 138 2. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ญํ•  145 3. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์—ญํ•  ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ 148 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ•  ๋ถ„์„ 161 1. ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ•  161 2. ํŽธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ 170 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  174 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ •๋ฆฌ 174 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 178 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 182 Abstract 211์„

    ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€-์‹ค์ œ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜์™€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„: ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์  ๋…๋ฆฝ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œก์ƒ๋‹ด์ „๊ณต), 2020. 8. ๊น€๋™์ผ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€-์‹ค์ œ์ž ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ ์ •์  ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€-์‹ค์ œ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜์™€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์  ๋…๋ฆฝ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ(N=271)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญํŒ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€์‘ ์ฒ™๋„(K-LPEI), ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒํ™œ ์ ์‘ ์ฒ™๋„(SACQ)์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ-์ •์„œ์ ์‘ ๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ฒ™๋„(PSI)์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์  ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ฌธํ•ญ, ํ•œ๊ตญํŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ง์„ฑ ์ฒ™๋„ ๋‹จ ์ถ•ํ˜•(K-MC-13)์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„, ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„, ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ์‹ค์ œ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ฐํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋งŒ์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ์‹ค์ œ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์  ๋…๋ฆฝ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์™„์ „ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€-์‹ค์ œ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์  ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ˆ˜ ์ค€์„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ๋†’ ์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€-์‹ค์ œ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์› ๋ง, ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ, ๋ถ„๋…ธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์  ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹ด ์‹ค์ œ์— ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ , ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ œ์–ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋‹ด์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ƒ๋‹ด์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ-์ž๋…€๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ์ƒํ˜ธ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€-์‹ค์ œ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋‹ด์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ƒ๋‹ด์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์  ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ƒ ๋‹ด ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ๊ณผ์ž‰ ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋…€ ํ˜น์€ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋…€ ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ˆ˜์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ ๋‹ค. ํ•™์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์ง„๋กœ ์˜์—ญ ์™ธ์—, ์ž๋…€์˜ ์—ฐ์•  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ -์‹ค์ œ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ๋„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํƒ์ƒ‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ, ๋†’์€ ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์ž๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€-์‹ค์ œ์ž ๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜์˜ ์ธ๊ณผ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋  ํ•„์š” ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.This study aims to investigate the impact of discrepancies between parental expectations and actual selves on college students psychological maladjustment, and to examine the mediating role of conflictual independence in this relationship. For this purpose, this study conducted questionnaire research with South Korean college students(N=271). Korean version of Living up to Parental Expectations Inventory(K-LPEI), Personal-Emotional adjustment items from Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire(SACQ), Conflictual Independence items from Psychological Separation Inventory(PSI), Korean version of Marlowe Crowne 13 Items Social Desirability Scale(K-MC-13) were used. The major results from statistical analysis of correlation, regression, and mediation are as follows. First, perceived discrepancies with parental expectations were positively related to Korean college students psychological maladjustment. However, perceived parental expectations per se were not associated with psychological maladjustment. Second, the relationship between perceived discrepancies with parental expectations and college students psychological maladjustment was fully mediated by conflictual independence from parents. This result indicates that students who perceive high discrepancies between actual selves and parental expectations tend to report low levels of conflictual independence, and be less psychologically adjusted to college. These findings suggest that perceived discrepancies with parental expectations may induce conflictual emotions(i.e., excessive guilt, anxiety, responsibility, resentment, and anger) in relation to parents, which lead to college students psychological maladjustment. Implications for counseling practice and research are as follows. First, when college students are suffering from psychological maladjustment associated with their parental expectations, counselors should examine separately their parental expectations and actual selves. If necessary, counselors can help to reduce the present discrepancies to a realistic level by improving communication reciprocity between parents and their children. In addition, when college students are experiencing psychological maladjustment due to the discrepancies with parental expectations, counselors can decide to implement specific counseling practice which reduces the clients conflictual emotions toward parents, such as facilitating their psychological individuation from parents. For future studies, special groups such as college students who are overly living up to parental expectations or living up to extremely high levels of parental expectations should be examined. An examination of college students with various cultural backgrounds is also needed, since it may yield different results from this study. Furthermore, in addition to academic and career areas, further exploration on dating concerns is required when investigating the impact of perceived discrepancies with parental expectations. Additionally, more comprehensive research is needed, which encompasses every aspect of highly mature parent-child relationships, where high levels of intimacy, reciprocal understanding and acceptance, as well as psychological separation, are achieved. Finally, additional research exploring the causal influence of the perceived discrepancies with parental expectations is needed.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 7 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 1. ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ 8 1.1. Higgins์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ ์ด๋ก  8 1.2. ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ 10 1.2. ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ 11 2. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™” 16 2.1. 1์ฐจ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™” 16 2.2. 2์ฐจ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™” 16 2.3. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์  ๋…๋ฆฝ 18 2.4. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”์™€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€-์‹ค์ œ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ 20 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 21 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 21 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 24 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 26 3.1. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ 26 3.2. ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ ์‘ 28 3.3. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์  ๋…๋ฆฝ 29 3.4. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ง์„ฑ 31 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 32 3.4. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 32 3.4. ์ƒ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ 33 3.4. ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ถ„์„ 34 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 36 1. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 36 2. ํ•จ์˜ 36 3. ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 37 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 41 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 52 ๋ถ€๋ก 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€ 53 ๋ถ€๋ก 2. ํ•œ๊ตญํŒ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€์‘ ์ฒ™๋„ 56 ๋ถ€๋ก 3. ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒํ™œ ์ ์‘ ์ฒ™๋„ ์ค‘ ๊ฐœ์ธ-์ •์„œ์ ์‘ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 60 ๋ถ€๋ก 4. ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋…๋ฆฝ์ฒ™๋„ ์ค‘ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์  ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 61 ๋ถ€๋ก 5. ํ•œ๊ตญํŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ง์„ฑ ์ฒ™๋„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ˜• 63 Abstract 64Maste

    ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ ์งˆ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋‡Œ์ธ์ง€๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ๊น€๊ธฐ์›….Alzheimers disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with currently no cure, making early detection methods crucial for early and more efficient intervention. Texture analysis is a method of quantifying various spatial patterns of signal intensities in an image, and has been proposed as a candidate early biomarker. My thesis consists of investigations of the diagnostic, prognostic, and concurrent validity of MRI texture as a novel early imaging marker of AD. The first part of my thesis focused on investigating the feasibility of MRI texture in discriminating and predicting AD. Specifically, I constructed a composite index of texture from 5 key regions of AD pathology and tested its accuracy in the task of classifying normal vs AD subjects (AD diagnosis) and the task of classifying MCI subjects that remain MCI after 3 years vs convert to AD within 3 years (MCI-to-AD conversion prediction). I showed that composite texture can not only discriminate AD with an accuracy of over 90%, but also predict AD conversion in both early and late stage MCI patients with an accuracy of around 80%. Additionally, the performance of texture was significantly higher than that of hippocampal volume, which is the traditionally most used measure. The second part of my thesis examined what aspects of AD pathophysiology that MRI texture may reflect. I investigated the effects of two hallmark pathologies of AD, amyloid-ฮฒ burden and tau burden, on the texture features of five key regions early to intermediate pathological burden. I observed that, depending on the cytoarchitecture of the region, different texture features were associated with regional tau burden but not with amyloid-ฮฒ burden. Specifically, tau burden in neocortical structures showed associations with texture features entropy and contrast, while allocortical structures showed associations with texture features autocorrelation and cluster shade. Altogether, my thesis demonstrates that MRI texture can be used as a potential early neurodegenerative marker of AD.์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์€ (AD) ํ˜„์žฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ‡ดํ–‰์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‚˜, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์งˆ๊ฐ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋‚ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ AD์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” AD ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ(MRI) ์งˆ๊ฐ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” AD ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ MRI ๋ณตํ•ฉํ…์Šค์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ADํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ •์ƒ์ธ์ง€๋…ธ์ธ์„ 90%์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๋„์ธ์ง€์žฅ์• ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ 3๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ AD๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ง๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์•ฝ 80%์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Š” ์ข…๋ž˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• (ํ•ด๋งˆ ์šฉ์ )๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” MRI ์งˆ๊ฐ์ด AD ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ค‘๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— AD ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋Š” 5๊ฐœ ๋‡Œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ์™€ ํƒ€์šฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์–‘์ด ํ…์Šค์ณ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์˜์—ญ ๋ณ„ ํƒ€์šฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ถ•์ ๋Ÿ‰๋งŒ ํ…์Šค์ณ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‡Œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๊ตฌ์ถ• (cytoarchitecture)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ…์Šค์ณ ํ”ผ์ณ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ ์ƒํ”ผ์งˆ(neocortex)์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒ€์šฐ ์ถ•์ ๋Ÿ‰์ด entropy์™€ contrast์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์ด์ข…ํ”ผ์งˆ (allocortex)์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” autocorrelation๊ณผ cluster shade์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ MRI ์งˆ๊ฐ์ด AD์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.I. Background 1 1. Alzheimers disease 2 2. Early detection methods for Alzheimers disease 5 2.1. Previous literature and limitations 5 2.2. MRI signal intensity โ€“ an alternative approach 7 3. Texture analysis 10 3.1. What is texture? 10 3.2. Applications of texture analysis in medical imaging 11 3.3. GLCM 12 3.3.1. Haralick texture features 16 4. Purpose of my research 20 II. Study 1: MRI texture vs MRI volume in early detection of AD 24 1. Methods 25 1.1. Study population 25 1.2. MRI preprocessing 27 1.3. Volume analysis 29 1.4. Haralick texture analysis 29 1.5. Statistical analysis 30 1.5.1. Regularized logistic regression 31 1.5.2. ROC analysis 32 2. Results 33 2.1. AD vs NC classification 36 2.2. MCItoAD prediction 36 III. Study 2: Pathological correlates of MRI texture in AD 40 1. Methods 41 1.1. Study population 41 1.2. MRI preprocessing 41 1.3. Haralick texture analysis 44 1.4. PET analysis 45 1.4.1. Aฮฒ and tau accumulation 45 1.4.2. In vivo Braak staging 45 1.5. Statistical analysis 47 2. Results 48 2.1. Associations between MRI texture and Aฮฒ, tau burden 48 2.2. Comparisons of AD pathology, MRI texture and mean signal intensity among in vivo Braak stage group 50 IV. Discussion 54 1. Summary 55 2. MRI texture as an early predictor of AD 57 3. MRI texture as a reflection of AD pathology 60 4. Advantages and limitations of my study 65 5. Conclusion and Perspectives 68 V. Literature Cited 69 Abstract in Korean 87Docto

    ใ€Žๅพกๆณจ๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€ ์ฐฌ์ˆ  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋™์–‘์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ์กฐ์„ฑ์šฐ.ๅ” ็Ž„ๅฎ—(๏งก๏งœๅŸบ, 685-762)์€ ้–‹ๅ…ƒ 2๋…„(714) ์ •์›” ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๅƒžๆฟซๅƒงๅฐผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ้‚„ไฟ—์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์ข…์€ ํƒœํ‰๊ณต์ฃผ ์ผํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ™์ฒญํ•œ ํ›„ ๅ…ˆๅคฉ 2๋…„(713) ์‹ญ์ด์›”์— ์™€์„œ์•ผ ๊ฐœ์›์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์น˜์„ธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์•Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ต์›”์ด ๋˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋‹จ์†์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ˜„์ข…์ด ๋ถˆ๊ต๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณ‘ํ ํ•ด์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์› ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 20์—ฌ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‚ฌ์ฐฐ ๊ฑด๋ฆฝ์ด๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ต ํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ต ่‚…ๆญฃ็ญ–์„ โ€˜้–‹ๅ…ƒ์˜ ๆฒปโ€™๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๋‹น์กฐ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์ข…์ด ๋ถˆ๊ต ๊ต๋‹จ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์น˜์„ธ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์žฌํŽธํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ทธ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์› 23๋…„(735) ์ฐฌ์ˆ ํ•œ ใ€Žๅพกๆณจ๏คŠๅ‰›่ˆฌ๏ฅดๆณข็พ…่œœ็ถ“ใ€์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๋Œ€์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์› ์—ฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์ข…์ด ใ€Žๅพกๆณจ๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€์„ ์ฐฌ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์œ„์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— โ… ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์ข… ์žฌ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœํšจ๋œ ๋ถˆ๊ต ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์š” ์กฐ์น™๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์ข…์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ต ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œ์œ„ ๆŠ‘ไฝ› ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์กฐ์น™์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๊ต์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์  ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์ข…๊ต ํƒ„์••๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์น˜ยท์‚ฌํšŒยท๊ฒฝ์ œ์ƒ์˜ ์‹ค์ต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•จ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. โ…ก์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ž์„  ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ์กฐ์น™ ์ค‘ ์‹ ์•™ยท์‚ฌ์ƒ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ด์ฃผ์‚ผ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฐฌ์ˆ  ์ •ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์„œ์ˆ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์ƒ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ยท์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ใ€Žๅพกๆณจๅญ็ถ“ใ€ยทใ€Žๅพกๆณจ้“ๅพท็ถ“ใ€์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ๋•Œ ใ€Žๅพกๆณจ๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€์€ ๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋น„์ „ํ†ต์ ์ด๊ณ  ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ์„œ์ˆ  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ต๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ใ€Ž๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง€ยท๋…์†ก์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต๋•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ์ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ โ…ข์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด์ฃผ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ใ€Ž๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋‹น์กฐ์—์„œ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ใ€Ž๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€ ์‹ ์•™์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ง€์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์› ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‹น์‹œ ใ€Žๆณ•่ฏ็ถ“ใ€ยทใ€Ž่ฏๅšด็ถ“ใ€ ๋“ฑ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ „์„ ์ œ์น˜๊ณ  ใ€Ž๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€์— ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์ข…์€ ๆญฆๅ‘จ้ฉๅ‘ฝ๊ณผ ๅพฉๅ”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ์žฅ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ฆ‰์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ํ๋ฆ„์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ฒœ๋ฌดํ›„ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ญ์„ฑํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์„ธ์  ๊ตฌ์„ธ์ฃผ ์‹ ์•™๊ณผ ใ€Žๅคง้›ฒ็ถ“ใ€์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์› ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ˜„์ข…์€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์„ธ์  ๊ธฐ๋ณต ์‹ ์•™๊ณผ ใ€Ž๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€์„ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์ข…์€ ๊ฐœ์› ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๊ต๋ฅผ ํ™ฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ฒด์ œยท์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฆ‰์œ„ ์งํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ถˆ๊ต ์ˆ™์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต๋‹จ์„ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ต์  ์ตœ์‹ ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ต ์œ ํ–‰์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ใ€Ž๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€ ์‹ ์•™์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ใ€Žๅพกๆณจ๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€์„ ์ฐฌ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ใ€Žๅพกๆณจ๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€์˜ ์ฐฌ์ˆ  ๊ฒฝ์œ„ยท์˜๋„๋Š” ์ดํ›„ ๋‹น์กฐ์—์„œ ์–ด์ฃผ ๋ฐ ใ€Ž๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€์ด ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‹ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฌํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.ๅ”็Ž„ๅฎ—ไบŽๅผ€ๅ…ƒไบŒๅนดๆญฃๆœˆไธ‹ไปคๆœๆ‹ฌๅ…จๅ›ฝ็š„ไผชๆปฅๅƒงๅฐผ๏ผŒๅนถๅผบๅˆถไป–ไปฌ่ฟ˜ไฟ—ใ€‚็”ฑไบŽๅคชๅนณๅ…ฌไธปๅŠฟๅŠ›็š„ๅฝฑๅ“๏ผŒๅ”็Ž„ๅฎ—ไบ‹ๅฎžไธŠ็›ดๅˆฐๅ…ˆๅคฉไบŒๅนดๆ‰ๅพ—ไปฅๆ”นๅ…ƒ๏ผŒไปŽๆญคๆญฃๅผๅผ€ๅง‹่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๆฒปไธ–ใ€‚ๅœจ่‚ƒๆธ…ๅคชๅนณๅ…ฌไธปๆฎ‹ๅญ˜ๅŠฟๅŠ›็š„็ฟŒๆœˆ๏ผŒๅ”็Ž„ๅฎ—ๅฐฑ่ฟซไธๅŠๅพ…ๅœฐๅผ€ๅง‹็€ๆ‰‹่งฃๅ†ณ็”ฑไฝ›ๆ•™็š„่ฟ‡ๅบฆๅ…ด็››ๅธฆๆฅ็š„็ปๆตŽใ€็คพไผš็ญ‰ๅ„็ง้—ฎ้ข˜๏ผŒ็”ฑๆญคๅ”็Ž„ๅฎ—ๅฏน่ฟ™ไธ€้—ฎ้ข˜็š„้‡่ง†ๅฏ่งไธ€ๆ–‘ใ€‚่ฟ™ไนŸๆญฃๆ˜ฏ็Ž„ๅฎ—ๆœๅผ€ๅ…ƒไบŒๅไฝ™ๅนด้—ด๏ผŒๅฏนไฝ›ๆ•™ๅฏบ้™ขๅปบ่ฎพไปฅๅŠๆดปๅŠจ้ๅˆถ็š„ๅผ€็ซฏใ€‚ๆœฌๆ–‡ๅณๅฐ†ๅ”็Ž„ๅฎ—ๅฏนไฝ›ๆ•™็š„่ฟ™็ง่‚ƒๆญฃ็ญ–็œ‹ไฝœๆ˜ฏโ€œๅผ€ๅ…ƒ็››ไธ–โ€็š„่ฏธๅคšๆ”น้ฉๆ”ฟ็ญ–ไน‹ไธ€ใ€‚ๅนถไธ”ๅŠ›ๆฑ‚่ƒฝๅคŸ่ฏๆ˜Ž๏ผŒ็Ž„ๅฎ—ไบŽๅผ€ๅ…ƒไบŒๅไธ‰ๅนดไบฒ่‡ช็ผ–ๅ†™ใ€Šๅพกๆณจ้‡‘ๅˆš่ˆฌ่‹ฅๆณข็ฝ—่œœ็ปใ€‹๏ผŒๆญฃๆ˜ฏๅ‡บไบŽๆƒณ่ฆๅฐ†ไฝ›ๆ•™็ญ‰ๅฎ—ๆ•™็•Œๆ”ถๅฝ’ๅทฑ็”จ็š„็›ฎ็š„ใ€‚ ๆœฌๆ–‡้ฆ–ๅ…ˆๆทฑๅ…ฅๆŽข่ฎจไบ†ใ€Šๅพกๆณจ้‡‘ๅˆš็ปใ€‹็ผ–ๆ’ฐ็š„่ฟ‡็จ‹ไปฅๅŠ็›ฎ็š„ใ€‚็ฌฌไธ€็ซ ไธป่ฆๅˆ†ๆžไบ†็Ž„ๅฎ—ๅœจไฝๆœŸ้—ดๆ‰€้ขๅธƒ็š„ไฝ›ๆ•™ๆ”ฟ็ญ–๏ผŒๅนถไธ”ๅฏนๆ—ขๆœ‰็ ”็ฉถไธญๅฎšไน‰ไธบโ€œๆŠ‘ไฝ›โ€ๆ”ฟ็ญ–็š„ๆ€ง่ดจ่ฟ›่กŒไบ†ๅ†ๆฃ€่ฎจใ€‚้€š่ฟ‡่ฟ™ไธ€่ฟ‡็จ‹ๅพ—ๅ‡บ็š„็ป“่ฎบๆ˜ฏ๏ผšๅฐฝ็ฎก็Ž„ๅฎ—็š„่ฟ™ไบ›ไฝ›ๆ•™ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ไธ€ๅฎš็จ‹ๅบฆไธŠๅฏไปฅ็œ‹ไฝœๆ˜ฏๅฏนไฝ›ๆ•™ๆดปๅŠจ็š„ๆŠ‘ๅˆถ๏ผŒไฝ†ๅฎž้™…ไธŠ็š„ๅ‡บๅ‘็‚นๅนถไธๆ˜ฏๅฏนๅฎ—ๆ•™็š„ๅผนๅŽ‹๏ผŒ่€Œๆ˜ฏๅ‡บไบŽๆ”ฟๆฒปใ€็คพไผšไปฅๅŠ็ปๆตŽ็ญ‰ๅคšๆ–น้ข็š„่€ƒ้‡ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไบŒ็ซ ๅˆ™ไธป่ฆ็ป“ๅˆๅฏนไฝ›ๆ•™ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ไธญ๏ผŒไฟกไปฐๆ–น้ขๆ”ฟ็ญ–็š„ๅˆ†ๆž๏ผŒ่ฏดๆ˜Žไบ† โ€œๅพกๆณจไธ‰็ปโ€ไน‹้—ดๅœจๆ’ฐๅ†™ๆƒ…ๅ†ตๅ’Œๆ–นๅผไธŠ็š„ๅทฎๅˆซใ€‚็›ธ่พƒไบŽใ€Šๅพกๆณจๅญ็ปใ€‹ๅ’Œใ€Šๅพกๆณจ้“ๅพท็ปใ€‹๏ผŒใ€Šๅพกๆณจ้‡‘ๅˆš็ปใ€‹ไธญ็š„ๆณจ้‡Šๆ›ดๅ€พๅ‘ไบŽๆœ‰ๆ„้™ไฝŽไฝ›่ฉ่จ็š„ๆƒๅจไปฅๅŠๅฏน็ปๆ–‡ๆŒๆœ‰ๆ€€็–‘็š„ๆ€ๅบฆ๏ผŒ่€Œไธๆ˜ฏๆณจ้‡็†่งฃๆ•™ไน‰ใ€‚ๅฐฝ็ฎกๅฆ‚ๆญค๏ผŒ็Ž„ๅฎ—ไปๆ—งๅฏนๆŒๆœ‰ๅ’Œ่ฏต่ฏปใ€Š้‡‘ๅˆš็ปใ€‹่ƒฝๅคŸ่Žทๅพ—็ฆๆŠฅ่ฟ™ไธ€่ง‚็‚นๆŒ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ๆ€ๅบฆใ€‚ ไปฅๅ‰ไธค็ซ ไธบๅŸบ็ก€๏ผŒๅœจ็ฌฌไธ‰็ซ ไธญไธป่ฆๅˆ†ๆžไบ†็Ž„ๅฎ—ๅœจไผ—ๅคšไฝ›็ปไธญ้€‰ๆ‹ฉใ€Š้‡‘ๅˆš็ปใ€‹็š„ๅŽŸๅ› ใ€‚ใ€Š้‡‘ๅˆš็ปใ€‹ๅœจๅฝ“ๆ—ถ็›ธ่พƒไบŽๅ…ถไป–ไฝ›็ป๏ผŒๅ—ไผ—ๆœ€ไธบๅนฟๆณ›๏ผŒๅนถไธ”ๅŠ›ๅŽ‹ใ€Šๆณ•ๅŽ็ปใ€‹ไธŽใ€ŠๅŽไธฅ็ปใ€‹ๅœจๅฝ“ๆ—ถๆˆไธบไบ†ไฝ›็ป็š„ไปฃ่กจ๏ผŒๆ— ็–‘ๆˆไธบไบ†็Ž„ๅฎ—้€‰ๆ‹ฉๅฎƒ็š„ๆœ€ไธป่ฆๅŽŸๅ› ใ€‚ไธบไบ†้€‚ๅบ”ๆญฆๅ‘จๆ”ฟๆƒ่ฆ†็ญ๏ผŒๅ”ๆœๅˆšๅˆšๆขๅค็š„ๆททไนฑๆ”ฟๅฑ€๏ผŒๅฆ‚ๅŒๆญฆๅˆ™ๅคฉๅˆฉ็”จใ€Šๅคงไบ‘็ปใ€‹ๆฅๅˆ็†ๅŒ–่‡ชๅทฑ็š„ๅณไธบไธ€ๆ ท๏ผŒ็Ž„ๅฎ—ๅœจๅฝ“ๆ—ถ้œ€่ฆไธ€ไธช่ƒฝๅธฎๅŠฉ่‡ชๅทฑๅฎŒๆˆ้œธไธš็š„๏ผŒๅฎ—ๆ•™ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใ€‚ ็Ž„ๅฎ—ๅœจๅผ€ๅ…ƒๅนด้—ดไธบไบ†ๅฐ†ไฝ›ๆ•™ๆ”ถๅฝ’ๅทฑ็”จ๏ผŒ็บณๅ…ฅ็š‡ๆƒ็ปŸๆฒปไน‹ไธ‹๏ผŒๆ”น้€ ไบ†ๅฝ“ๆ—ถไฝ›ๆ•™็•Œ็š„ไฝ“ๅˆถๅ’Œๆ€ๆƒณใ€‚้™คไบ†้ขๅธƒๅ„็ง่‚ƒๆธ…็ญ–ไน‹ๅค–๏ผŒไป–่ฟ˜้€‰ๅ–ๅฝ“ๆ—ถๆœ€ไธบๆต่กŒ็š„ใ€Š้‡‘ๅˆš็ปใ€‹๏ผŒไปฅๆญคไธบๅŸบ็ก€ๆ’ฐๅ†™ไบ†ใ€Šๅพกๆณจ้‡‘ๅˆš็ปใ€‹ใ€‚ไปŽๅ”ๆœๅŽไธ–ไบบไปฌ็”จใ€Š้‡‘ๅˆš็ปใ€‹็ฅˆๆฑ‚้•ฟๅฏฟ็ญ‰็š„ๆดปๅŠจไธญไนŸๅฏไปฅ็œ‹ๅ‡บใ€Šๅพกๆณจ้‡‘ๅˆš็ปใ€‹็š„็ผ–ๆ’ฐ็ป่ฟ‡ๅ’Œๆ„ๅ›พใ€‚๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง 1 1์žฅ ์ฆ‰์œ„ ์ดˆ ็Ž„ๅฎ—์˜ ไฝ›ๆ•Ž ์ˆ™์ •๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ง€ํ–ฅ 8 2์žฅ ้–‹ๅ…ƒ 23ๅนด ใ€Žๅพกๆณจ๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€ ์ฐฌ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์œ„ 23 3์žฅ ็Ž„ๅฎ— ์‹œ๊ธฐ ไฝ›ๆ•Žๅ„€็ฆฎ ์ค‘ ใ€Ž๏คŠๅ‰›็ถ“ใ€ ๋Œ€๋‘์™€ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ 38 ๋งบ์Œ๋ง 54 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 57์„

    ์†” ๋ฅด์œ—์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ด๋ก ์ „๊ณต,2000.Maste
    corecore