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    λ…Έλ…„κΈ° 과제 κ΄€λ ¨ λ‡Œ μ—°κ²°λ§μ˜ 효율적 μž¬μ‘°μ§ν™”μ™€ μ—°κ΄€λœ 인지 ν†΅μ œ μˆ˜ν–‰

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ 심리학과, 2021. 2. μ΅œμ§„μ˜.Appropriate reconfiguration of the brain functional network based on various given situations came to the fore as an important factor for the adaptive function in younger adults. Since the role of reconfiguration in older adults needs to be clarified, this study aimed to examine the relationship between brain network reconfiguration and adaptive function even in older adults who had experienced both structural and functional brain change over a lifetime. A total of 83 elderly people who participated in the Korean Social Life and Health Aging Project (KSHAP) completed the resting-state and multi-source interference task (MSIT) fMRI protocol. They underwent 10-minute resting state fMRI acquisition with their eyes open, and 6-minute MSIT state to measure their performance on the cognitive control task. Older people who reconfigured their task-positive networks less from the resting-state to the MSIT showed better performance both in the MSIT, and the neuropsychological tests measuring working memory function. These results were still significant even controlling age, sex, years of education, total gray matter volume, and the mean movement between two states. Especially, the less reconfiguration in the fronto-parietal network (FPN) was significantly associated with better performance on both the cognitive control task and the working memory tests. The MSIT performance was not affected by the individual difference in the configuration of both rest and task state. Yet, the working memory function was significantly affected by the individual difference in the configuration of task state. These results indicated that less and efficient reconfiguration was associated with better adaptive function even in elderly people. In addition, the FPN stability between two different states played a significant role in the cognitive function of elderly adults. Moreover, the cognitive control in older adults was associated with task switching rather than the optimization of the states. On the other hand, the working memory was still associated with the optimization of the task state. This study extended the analysis method of neuroimaging and suggested a novel approach to investigate the cognitive control of older adults.λ‡Œμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯적 연결망 (brain functional network)을 상황에 따라 효율적으둜 μž¬μ‘°μ§ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯ (network reconfiguration)은 μ Šμ€ μΈκ΅¬μ—μ„œ 적응적인 κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό 연관성이 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ‡Œμ˜ ꡬ쑰적, κΈ°λŠ₯적 λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 노년기에도 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 연관성이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ νƒκ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Korean Social Life and Health Aging Project (KSHAP) 연ꡬ에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•œ λ†μ΄Œμ§€μ—­ L 지역과 K μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ°Έκ°€μž 83λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 아무 κ³Όμ œλ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” νœ΄μ§€κΈ°μ™€ 인지 ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ€‘κ°„μ„­κ³Όμ œ (MSIT) κΈ°λŠ₯적 자기곡λͺ…μ˜μƒ (fMRI)을 μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. νœ΄μ§€κΈ°μ—μ„œ 인지적 ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 과제둜의 λ‡Œ κΈ°λŠ₯적 μ—°κ²°λ§μ˜ μž¬μ‘°μ§ν™”κ°€ 적은 μ‚¬λžŒμΌμˆ˜λ‘ (효율적일수둝) 과제 μˆ˜ν–‰ 속도가 빨라지며, 높은 μž‘μ—…κΈ°μ–΅ μ§€μˆ˜ 및 μž‘μ—…κΈ°μ–΅ μ†Œκ²€μ‚¬μ—μ„œ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ μˆ˜ν–‰μ„ λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ—°λ Ή, 성별, ꡐ윑 μ—°ν•œμ— λ”λΆˆμ–΄ λ‡Œμ˜ λ…Έν™”λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” λ‡Œ ꡬ쑰적 λ³€μˆ˜λ“€μ„ ν†΅μ œν•˜κ³ λ„ μœ μ˜λ―Έν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 특히, 전두두정 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ (FPN)의 적은 μž¬μ‘°μ§ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 인지 ν†΅μ œ κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό μž‘μ—… κΈ°μ–΅ κΈ°λŠ₯ λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ μˆ˜ν–‰μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ, λ…Έλ…„κΈ° μΈμ§€ν†΅μ œ κΈ°λŠ₯μ—λŠ” νœ΄μ§€κΈ°λ‚˜ 과제 μˆ˜ν–‰ μƒνƒœ 각각의 연결망 쑰직화 (configuration)의 κ°œμΈμ°¨λŠ” 영ν–₯이 μ—†μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ, μž‘μ—…κΈ°μ–΅ κΈ°λŠ₯μ—λŠ” 과제 μˆ˜ν–‰ μƒνƒœ 연결망 μ‘°μ§ν™”μ˜ 개인차의 영ν–₯이 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 노년기에도 적은, 효율적인 μž¬μ‘°μ§ν™”κ°€ 적응 κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό 연관이 μžˆμŒμ„ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄λ©°, 상황에 λ”°λ₯Έ 전두두정 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ΄ λ…Έλ…„κΈ° 인지기λŠ₯μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μž…μ¦ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λ…Έλ…„κΈ° 인지 ν†΅μ œ κΈ°λŠ₯μ—λŠ” νœ΄μ§€κΈ° 연결망 μ‘°μ§ν™”μ˜ μ΅œμ ν™”κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 과제 κ°„ μ „ν™˜μ΄ 보닀 적응적인 κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ 있음이 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μž‘μ—… κΈ°μ–΅ κΈ°λŠ₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 과제λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  λ•Œμ˜ 연결망 μ‘°μ§ν™”μ˜ μ΅œμ ν™”κ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‡Œ 연결망 μž¬μ‘°μ§ν™”κ°€ 정상적인 λ…Έν™”λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” 일반적인 λ°œλ‹¬ κ³Όμ • λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μˆ˜ν–‰κ³Ό λ§ΊλŠ” 관계λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ—¬ μΆ”ν›„ μž„μƒ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 기틀이 될 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 기쑴의 λ‡Œ μ˜μƒ 뢄석법을 ν™•μž₯ν•˜μ—¬ 인지 ν†΅μ œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 연ꡬ할 λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ 관점을 μ œμ‹œν•œλ‹€. μΆ”ν›„ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ·Έλž˜ν”„ 이둠 μ§€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ‡Œμ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μƒνƒœμ˜ ꡬ성방식(topology)κ³Ό μž¬μ‘°μ§ν™” κ°„μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 적응 κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό 연결망 μž¬μ‘°μ§ν™”μ˜ 관계가 λ”μš± λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ λ°ν˜€μ§ˆ 것이닀.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Cognitive Aging in Older adults 1 1.2. Cognitive Control Function in the Cognitive Aging 3 1.3. MSIT: an fMRI task to measure cognitive control 4 1.4. Brain Network Reconfiguration and the General Cognitive Ability 6 1.5. Brain Network Reconfiguration in the Aging 8 1.6. Objectives and Hypotheses 9 Chapter 2. Methods 11 2.1. Participants & Procedures 11 2.2. Multi-Source Interference Task 13 2.3. Neuropsychological Tests 16 2.4. MRI Acquisition and Preprocessing 19 2.5. Calculating the Network Similarity Index of the Brain Network 27 2.6. Individual Resting/Task State Functional Connectivity Configuration 29 2.7. Statistical Analysis 30 Chapter 3. Results 31 3.1. Behavioral Results 31 3.2. Brain Network Similarity Index & Cognitive Control Functions 36 3.3. Impact of Resting-State and Task Configuration on Brain Reconfiguration 43 3.4. MSIT activation & Cognitive Control Functions 46 Bibliography 60 ꡭ문초둝 68Maste
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