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    ํ•™์Šต์ž ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ MOOCs ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œก๊ณตํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2022.2. Young Hoan Cho.With the development of information and communication technology (ICT), many people get educated not only in traditional classrooms but also online nowadays. As one way of online education, the market of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) has been growing continuously since the first platform was opened to the public in 2012. Today in 2021, the number of MOOCs learners has reached up to 220 million, and MOOCs are playing an irreplaceable role in higher education, lifelong education, corporate education, etc. Although we can expect that MOOCs will become increasingly important in the field of education, with its rapid growth during the last decade, some issues of it have been exposed. One of the issues is the low completion rate. Compared to traditional education, MOOCs learners are reported more likely to drop out, which leads to the average completion rate at around 10%. According to previous studies, one of the reasons that causes this phenomenon is lacking motivation. As a part that interacts directly with users of an application, interface is crucial because it offers affordance and determines the way users use the application. And the interface becomes even more important when it comes to E-learning because motivators, which can affect learners' motivation, can be designed in the user interface. However, studies have shown that the current interface design of MOOCs lacks motivation factors and fails to facilitate interactive communication among MOOCs learners. Therefore, in this research, a MOOCs interface that focuses on improving learners' motivation was designed. To achieve this goal, the research questions considered were: 1) What are the interface design guidelines and interface functions to motivate MOOCs learners to sustain their learning? 2) What is the interface to motivate MOOCs learners to sustain their learning? and 3) What are the learners' responses to the interface? To answer the research questions, the type 1 design and development methodology proposed by Richey and Klein was followed. First, MOOCs interface design guidelines were derived by literature review and followed by 2 rounds of expert review conducted by 4 experts to ensure the internal validity. Second, a prototype of MOOCs interface was designed based on the guidelines by using prototyping tool Figma. Third, the prototype was given to 5 learners along with a series of tasks for learner response tests to ensure the external validity of the design guidelines, and based on the result, both the prototype and the guidelines were revised. The final version of the MOOCs interface design guidelines consists of 3 motivational design principles ๏ผˆAutonomy, Competence, and Relatedness๏ผ‰, 12 motivational design guidelines (5 autonomy-supported, 4 competence-supported, and 3 relatedness-supported) along with 34 design guidelines developed for MOOCs interface. Based on these design guidelines, the functions of the MOOCs interface in this research were designed. Based on the autonomy-supported guidelines, functions such as learning mode selection (self-paced, scheduled, premiere), learning group, learning activity, goal setting, dashboard, reminder, recommendation, and feedback were designed. And based on the competence-supported guidelines, functions such as account register, course enrollment, learning path, team activity support, dashboard, and goal setting were designed. Meanwhile, based on the relatedness-supported guidelines, functions such as dashboard, feedback, keyword checklist, learning group, chatting window, group/team activity, course evaluation, team assignment, mind map, and note were designed. The participating learners were satisfied with the design. The survey data showed that learnersโ€™ general perceptions of the MOOCs interface reached 4.44, perceived autonomy reached 4.40, perceived competence reached 4.52, and perceived relatedness reached 4.66 (5 points Likert scale). The in-depth interview data was open coded into three categories: 1) Advantages of the MOOCs interface, 2) Problems with the MOOCs interface, and 3) Suggestions for improvement. The advantages include providing choices for autonomy support, providing scaffolding and adaptive learning for competence support, providing interactive learning for relatedness support, and providing novel meanwhile helpful functions that existing platforms donโ€™t have. The problems include lacking tutorials for novel functions, inconsistent icons and choice of words, and improper positioning and interaction. The suggestions for improvement include adding the wiki function, adding the reminder function, and visualizing the timetable. The significance of this research can be summarized as follows: 1) proposed an intrinsic motivation oriented MOOCs interface. 2) introduced three learning modes to the MOOCs learning environment. 3) introduced the learning group and learning team to the MOOCs environment to facilitate learnersโ€™ interaction. 4) provided an example of the dashboard for the context of MOOCs. And 5) provided insight into how to help learners achieve personalized learning in the MOOCs environment.์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ (ICT)์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ MOOC(Massive Open Online Courses)์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ 2012๋…„ ์ฒซ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ์ดํ›„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์œกํ•™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ MOOC๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก, ํ‰์ƒ๊ต์œก, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ต์œก ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์†์†ํžˆ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ MOOC๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ MOOC์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ MOOC์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด์ˆ˜์œจ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ต์œก์— ๋น„ํ•ด MOOC ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ์•ฝ 10%์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ค‘๋„ ํƒˆ๋ฝํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์–ดํฌ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, E-learning ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์—ฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ์„ค๊ณ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ MOOC ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ๋™๊ธฐ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  MOOC ํ•™์Šต์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด MOOC ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1) MOOC ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? 2) ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? 3) ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Richey์™€ Klein์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ใ†๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์ค‘ ์œ ํ˜• 1์„ ๋”ฐ๋ž๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด MOOC ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚ด์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 4๋ช…์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ 2์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ดํ•‘ ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ Figma๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ MOOC ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ์™ธ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์„ 5๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์Šต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. MOOC ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ฒ„์ „์€ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋””์ž์ธ ์›๋ฆฌ (์ž์œจ์„ฑ, ์œ ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ), 12๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ (5๊ฐœ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ์ง€์›, 4๊ฐœ ์œ ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ง€์›, 3๊ฐœ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ ์ง€์›)๊ณผ 34๊ฐœ์˜ MOOC ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ MOOC ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ MOOC ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ์ง€์› ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋“œ ์„ ํƒ (self-paced, scheduled, premiere), ํ•™์Šต ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™ ์„ ํƒ, ํ•™์Šต๋ชฉํ‘œ ์„ค์ •, ๋Œ€์‹œ๋ณด๋“œ, ๋ฆฌ๋งˆ์ธ๋”, ์ถ”์ฒœ, ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์œ ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ง€์› ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ, ์ˆ˜์—… ๋“ฑ๋ก, ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฝ๋กœ, ํŒ€ ํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์›, ๋Œ€์‹œ๋ณด๋“œ, ํ•™์Šต๋ชฉํ‘œ ์„ค์ • ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ ์ง€์› ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‹œ๋ณด๋“œ, ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ, ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ, ํ•™์Šต ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ์ฑ„ํŒ…์ฐฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฃน/ํŒ€ ํ™œ๋™, ์ˆ˜์—… ํ‰๊ฐ€, ํŒ€ ๊ณผ์ œ, ๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ๋งต, ๋…ธํŠธ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ MOOCs ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 5์  ์ฒ™๋„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 4.44์ , ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 4.40์ , ์œ ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 4.52์ , ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 4.66์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ธต ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ์งˆ์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ MOOCs ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์žฅ์ , ๋ฌธ์ œ์ , ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ ์ œ๊ณต, ์œ ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Šค์บํด๋”ฉ๊ณผ ์ ์‘ํ˜• ํ•™์Šต, ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๊ณผ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์  ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ ์•„์ด์ฝ˜๊ณผ ์šฉ์–ด, ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํฌ์ง€์…”๋‹๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ž™์…˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„ํ‚ค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์•Œ๋ฆผ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1) ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•œ MOOC ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2) MOOC ํ•™์Šต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 3) ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™์Šต ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต ํŒ€์„ MOOC ํ•™์Šต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 4) MOOC ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์‹œ๋ณด๋“œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5) ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ MOOC ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํ•™์Šต์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Problem Statement 1 1.2. Purpose of the Research 4 1.3. Research Questions 8 1.4. Definition of Terms 9 1.4.1. MOOCs 9 1.4.2. Motivation 11 1.4.3. User Interface 12 Chapter 2. Literature Review 14 2.1. MOOCs 14 2.1.1. Characteristics and Meaning 14 2.1.2. History of MOOCs 16 2.1.3. MOOCs Platforms and MOOCs Learners 20 2.1.4. The Critiques and Drop Out Phenomenon 26 2.2. Motivation 35 2.2.1. Motivation in Learning 35 2.2.2. Motivation Theories 37 2.3.1. User Interface Design & Interface Design for Education 45 2.3.2 Motivation Supported User Interface Design 48 Chapter 3. Research Method 54 3.1. Design and Development Methodology 54 3.2. Research Participants 58 3.3. Research Tools 60 3.3.1. Internal Validation Tools 60 3.3.2. Prototyping Tool 60 3.3.3. External Validation Tools 62 3.4. Data Collection and Analysis 65 3.4.1. Expert Review 65 3.4.2. Learners' Responses 66 Chapter 4. Findings 68 4.1. The MOOCs Interface Design Guidelines 68 4.1.1. The Final Version of the MOOCs Interface Design Guidelines 69 4.1.2. The Results of the Expert Review 80 4.2. Prototype of the MOOCs Interface 85 4.3. Learners' Responses to the MOOCs Interface 118 4.3.1. Learners' Response to the MOOCs Interface (First Usability Test) 119 4.3.2. Learners' Responses to the Revised Interface (Second Usability Test) 143 Chapter 5. Discussion and Conclusion 145 5.1. Discussion 146 5.2. Conclusion 151 Reference 154 APPENDIX 1 175 APPENDIX 2 189 APPENDIX 3 197 APPENDIX 4 206 APPENDIX 5 213 APPENDIX 6 220 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 224์„
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