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    ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋งˆ์ด๋‹(Text Mining)๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‘์šฉํ•œ ์„ฌ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ: ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์„ฌ๊ณผ ๋กฌ๋ณต์„ฌ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์€๊ธฐ์ˆ˜.Islands are prime destinations for attracting international travelers motivated to experience an explorative, exotic island lifestyle. People's preference for island destinations has greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic over busy and crowded landmarks or tourist attractions in the center of big cities. Not all islands, however, attract tourists as most islands inherently share similar natural endowments including beaches and marine ecosystems. Due to wide spectrum of maturity in service and amenities in tourism industry of each island, there is ceaseless competition even between islands with similar geographic conditions. This research takes focuses on investigating key determinants that account for prominent differences in size, maturity of tourism sectors and popularity of Bali and Lombok by in-depth analysis on differences in socio-religious context of two regions. Adopting the John Stuart Mills Method of Difference as a framework, the study interpreted the social and cultural fabric of the target islands, borrowing local terminology and values (Agama, Adat, Dinas) on applying the anthropology-derived emic technique. The Two-Way Methodology was employed in this study for in-depth analysis on sociocultural context of target islands. The first, referred to "Historical Analysis," which categorizes and links historical events affected social structures of target destinations; the second, known as "Empirical Analysis," uses text mining the visitors review big-data sets to examine whether the interpreted dynamics of social structures also influences at real-time tourism sites. This analysis led the researcher to find out the dynamics of religion (agama) and norms (adat/dinas) as a determinant that led the socio-religious structure of two islands in different paths. In conclusion, this research proves that understanding of the key elements for determining social structure by adopting the methodology using Historical Analysis based on the concept of Agama, Adat, Dinas and using Empirical Analysis for Big-data in tourism sector can suggest meaningful strategic implications for researching and developing areas of unique religious, social structure and cultural diversity, particularly in island destinations.๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒใƒป์ข…๊ต์  ๊ณ ์œ ์„ฑ(Originality)์„ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ด€๊ด‘ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹คํšจ์ ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์„ฌ๊ณผ ๋กฌ๋ณต์„ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒใƒป์ข…๊ต์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ด ์„ฌ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์— ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์„ฌ๊ณผ ๋กฌ๋ณต์„ฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด John Stuart Mill์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฒ•(Method of Difference)๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋น„๊ต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ธ ์—๋ฏน(emic) ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ, 7์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋กฌ๋ณต์˜๋Œ€์‘ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ข…๊ตใƒป์‚ฌํšŒใƒป๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋งˆ์ด๋‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋กฌ๋ณต์˜ ๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐœ์ „์–‘์ƒ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์€ ๋‘ ์„ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ agama์™€ adat์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ค์ •์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ทœ๋ฒ” ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ง์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด ์ด ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์„ฑ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ฌํ–‰์ •๋ณด์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ๊ธด ๋™์„ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ธด ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”, ๋™์‹œ์ถœํ˜„๋‹จ์–ด ๋ถ„์„, ๋Œ€์‘์ผ์น˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์ข…๊ตใƒป์‚ฌํšŒใƒป๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฌ ์ง€์—ญ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ agama, adat, dinas ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ•ด๋‹น์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—… ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.I. Introduction 1 1. Purpose of the Study 1 2. Flow of the Study 2 II. Backgrounds 3 1. Similarities Between Bali and Lombok 3 1-1. Geography 4 1-2. Lifestyle 5 1-3. Cultural Backgrounds 5 2. Different Scales of Tourism Sector of Two Islands 6 1-1. Tourism as a Backbone Industry and Economic Drive in Indonesia 7 1-2. Steady and Strong Tourism Development in Bali 11 1-3. Fluctuating and Complicated Tourism Development in Lombok 13 III. Methodologies and Theories 16 1. Research design 16 2. Methodologies 16 IV. Analysis and Interpretations 18 1. Historical Interpretations 18 1-1. Conceptual Frames: Agama, Adat, Dinas, Dharma 18 1-2. Bali and Its Hindu(/Buddhist) Dharma and Adat in Lombok 21 1-3. Bali as Tourist Destination and Negotiation of Its Socio-religious Identity 32 1-4. Agama and Adat in Bali and Lombok 35 1-5. Negotiation of Identity and Tourism Sector 38 2. Empirical Interpretations 46 2-1. Review of Promotional Material in Bali and Lombok Tourism 46 2-2. Review of Actual Experience of Visitors to Bali and Lombok by Text-mining 55 2-2-1. Data Collection 2-2-2. Data Processing 2-2-3. Data Analysis 2-2-4. Descriptive Statistics 2-2-5. Word co-occurrence network analysis 2-2-6. Correspondence Analysis V. Conclusions and Recommendations 71 Bibliography 80 Abstract in Korean 93์„
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