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    1,779๋ช… ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ์˜ ์ „์žฅ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ฐธ์กฐ ํŒจ๋„ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ์ธ๊ตฌ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ๊น€์ข…์ผ.์„œ๋ก : ์ „์žฅ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ํ•ด๋… (WGS)์˜ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ WGS๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ฐ€์˜ํ•™ ์‹คํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™์  ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™์  ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ WGS ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์ค‘ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ๊ณผ ๋ชฝ๊ณจ์ธ, ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ, ํ™์ฝฉ์ธ 1,779๋ช…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ ์ „์žฅ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ NARD (Northeast Asian Reference Database)๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. NARD๋Š” 1000 ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„ (1KGP3)์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ชฝ๊ณจ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” NARD์™€ 1KGP3์˜ ์œ ์ „์žํ˜• ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  re-phasing ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ชฝ๊ณจ ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด NARD ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์ •๋ฐ€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์ ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. NARD๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ PCA, FST ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ (SNP) ๋ฐ BCL2L11 (BIM) ์ธํŠธ๋ก  ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์†์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ณ€์ด, ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒดํฌ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ฐจ๋‹จ (ICB)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” HLA ์˜์—ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„ ํŠน์ด์  ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: re-phasing ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ๋œ NARD์™€ 1KGP3์˜ ํŒจ๋„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ imputation์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ํŒจ๋„๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ํฌ๊ท€ ๋ณ€์ด์™€ ์ € ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ณ€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ, ๋ชฝ๊ณจ์ธ, ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฐ ๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. NARD์—์„œ ์ผ์ • ์ด์ƒ ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ํ—ˆ์œ„ ํ›„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. NARD์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด 1,480๋งŒ์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ํƒ€์ด๋กœ์‹  ํ‚ค๋‚˜์•„์ œ์™€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒดํฌ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ๋” ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. NARD ์ฐธ์กฐ ํŒจ๋„์€ https://nard.macrogen.com/ ์—์„œ ์ž„ํ“จํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฐธ์กฐ ํŒจ๋„์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฐธ์กฐ ํŒจ๋„์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์›น์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋™๋ถ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์˜ํ•™ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ดˆ์„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Introduction: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), an important technique in genome research, is becoming bigger the number of subjects thanks to both the increase of sequencing capacity and the decrease of sequencing cost. Large scale WGS for specific human populations with deep depth coverage is necessary to study population genomics. Moreover, the need for large-scale deep WGS datasets is emerging to precisely understand the pharmacogenomics profile for precision medicine in Northeast Asia in line with the global trend. However, most of the WGS studies are currently biased to Europe. Methods: We constructed the Northeast Asian Reference Database (NARD) using whole-genome sequencing data of 1,779 individuals from Korea, Mongolia, Japan, China, and Hong Kong. The NARD provides the genetic diversity of Korean and Mongolian ancestries that were not present in the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 (1KGP3). We re-phased the genotypes merged from the NARD and the 1KGP3 to construct a more robust union set of haplotypes. Mongol and Korean samples have never been released on the scale and the depth of the NARD level. It is expecting to shed light on novel and accurate insights to population genomics. To investigate the population structure, we performed PCA analysis, the fixation index (FST) analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, and ADMIXTURE analysis. We also tried to reveal the pharmacogenetic characteristics of Northeast Asians. We looked at various types of variants specific to Northeast Asians, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to drug responses including rs116855232 in NUDT15, the SVs including BCL2L11 (BIM) intronic deletion, and the HLA haplotypes related to the responsiveness of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Results: The re-phasing approach we used to enhance the panel merged of the NARD and the 1KGP3 established a robust imputation reference panel for Northeast Asians, which yields the greatest accuracy in the genotype imputation especially for rare and low-frequency variants of Northeast Asians compared to the existing panels. Population genomics analyses demonstrated the significant differentiation among Koreans, Mongolians, Japanese, and mainland East Asians (Chinese and Southeast Asians), in contrast to previous studies that highlighted the close genetic relationships in Northeast Asian populations. The NARD variants catalog covered 14.8 million novel SNPs, which is improving the disease-related variants discovery by reducing the potential pathogenic candidates with common frequency redefined from rare frequency. Pharmacogenomics profiling suggested that the inefficiency of tyrosine kinase and the inhibition of immune checkpoint prevailed in Northeast Asians. The workbench of the imputation pipeline with the NARD panel is available at https://nard.macrogen.com/. Conclusions: We constructed the most accurate genotype imputation panel for Northeast Asian with public availability. We also unveiled the detailed Northeast Asian population structure and pharmacogenomic observations. Our work will contribute to further studies into the era of precision medicine for not only Northeast Asian but also the global population.Introduction 1 Whole-genome sequencing for human genomics 2 Genotype imputation with a population-specific reference panel 6 Population genomics based on whole-genome sequencing 9 Pharmacogenomics and precision medicine 12 Material and Methods 14 Results 29 Discovery of genetic variants including SNPs, indels, and structural variations 30 Population genomics analyses to reveal genetic architecture 33 Imputation accuracy improved with the NARD reference panel 37 Pharmacogenomics for precision medicine in Northeast Asians 44 Discussion 84 References 89 Abstract in Korean 103Docto

    ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ž์˜์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ : ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์Šน๋ฝ์„ ์–ป์–ด ๋‹จํ–‰๋ณธ ใ€Žํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œใ€(2014๋…„, ์ด์˜ํ›ˆ ํŽธ, ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ถœํŒ๋ฌธํ™”์›)์˜ ์ œ4์žฅ์„ ์ €์ž๊ฐ€ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐœ์ทŒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ž์˜์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ˜„์‹ค ์†์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ž์˜์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž์˜์—… ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋กœ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ž์˜์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์†Œ๋“, ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž์˜์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ ์ž ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ž์˜์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์ƒ์กด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ์˜ ํ†ต๋กœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋“ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ž์˜์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น  ๋ฟ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋“ค์€ ์ž์˜์—… ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ณ ๋ น, ์ €์ˆ™๋ จ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ž„์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ, ์ž๊ธˆ๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค

    (A)Study on the relationships between the technological characteristics and the industrial patterns : an evolutionary economic analysis

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ „๊ณต,1998.Docto

    FMS ์Šค์ผ€์ฅด๋ง์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Priority ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž๋™ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฐ์—…๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,1997.Maste

    Labor flexibility and subjectivity in the Korean independent broadcasting production sector

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    Thesis(masters) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์–ธ๋ก ์ •๋ณดํ•™๊ณผ,2008. 8.Maste

    Effect of Hippocampal Ablation on the Audiogenic Seizure in Rats

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    Rats in which the hippocampus was ablated through overlying neocortex(hippoocampus-ablated rats) and rats in which only the portion of neocortex over the hippocampus was ablated(neocortex-ablated rats) were prepared and their susceptibility to the sound produced by one bell("weak" sound. 105~1O7 decibels) or two bells("strong" sound, 110~114 decibels) to induce audiogenic seizure was tested before and after brain ablation. The susceptibility to the sound increased both III hippocampus-ablated rats and in neocortex-ablated animals. While in neocortex-ablated rats the increase in the frequency of audiogenic seizure was manifest only under strong sound. hippocampus-ablated animals showed increased susceptibility to both weak and strong sound

    Thyroid Activity Following Hippocampal Ablation

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    The hippocampus was ablated through neocortex in a group of male albino rats(hippocampus group). Rats were also prepared in which only the portion of neocortex over the hippocampus was ablated(neocortex group). These rats together with normal control rats were studied on their thyroid activity before and following brain ablation in warm environment(28-30ยฐC), and then also under reduced room temperature(1416ยฐ C). Following intraperitoneal administration of 10,uC of carrier-free 1131, the radioactivity of the thyroid was measured every morning and evening or every 24 hour for 120 to 144 hours. The thyroidal release rate of 1131 was calculated taking the 48th hour radioactivity as 100% and was expressed in the form of effective half life, which served as an index of the thyroid activity. Under 28-30ยฐC, the effective half life tended to prolong after brain damage compared with that of preoperative period both in hippocampus group(N: 8, MeanยฑS.D. : 54.2ยฑ9.29 hr before, 72.6ยฑ23.10 after) and also in neocortex group (N: 8, MeanยฑS.D.: 50.5 ยฑ8.24 hr before, 61.6ยฑ20.80 after). But the difference was of dubious significance in hippocampus group(.05 .20). Nor was there any significant difference between hippocampus group and neocortex group as regards the net increment of effective half life following brain lesion. For reference, the mean effective half life of three normal control rats under the same environment throughout was 53.8 hr in the preoperative period, and 51.6 hr in the postoperative period. In another experiment, where hippocampus group, neocortex group, and normal control group were subjected to reduced room temperature(14-16ยฐC), the thyroid activity was found significantly accelerated in all groups. The differences in the effective half life among these three groups, however, were negligible and statistically insignificant under low temperature (N : 12 in each group, MeanยฑS.D.: 42.7ยฑ6.37 hr in normal control group, 46.3ยฑ7.21 in hippocampus group, and 43.2ยฑ5.83 in neocortex group). These three groups had been equated as regards their thyroid activity in the preoperative period under 28-30 0C. The inferences from these data are that the hippocampus and neocortex might exert slight, inconspicuous facilitatory influence upon thyroid activity in warm weather, but that these brain structures seems to exert little influence upon accelerated thyroid function in cold weather

    Blood volume in cobalt chloride induced polycythaemia of rats.

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    Polycythaemia was produced in 10 adult albino rats by administration of cobalt chloride. The total blood volume was measured with T-1824 and the values were compared to the normal control group (N=15). The following findings were obtained. 1. Red blood cell count, hematocrit value and hemoglobin concentration were significantly incrยท eased in the experimental group. 2. Plasma volume of experimental group was 3.80ๅœŸ. 12ml/100 g and was significantly smaller than that of normal group, value being 4.14ๅœŸ.18 ml/100 g. 3. There was no difference of total blood volume between the two groups. Total blood volume was 7.41 ๅœŸ0.37 ml/100 gram. Thus, in cobalt administered rat, there was a normovolemic polycythaemi
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