12 research outputs found
1,779๋ช ๋๋ถ์์์์ธ์ ์ ์ฅ ์ ์ ์ฒด ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ ์ฐธ์กฐ ํจ๋ ์์ฑ๊ณผ ์ ์ ํ์ ์ธ๊ตฌ ํน์ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ฝ๋ฆฌ ์ ์ ์ฒดํ ํ๋กํ์ผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์๊ณผ๋ํ ์๊ณผํ๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ๊น์ข
์ผ.์๋ก : ์ ์ฅ ๊ฒ๋ ํด๋
(WGS)์ ๋น์ฉ ๊ฐ์์ ์์ฐ๋ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ก ์ธ๊ฐ ๊ฒ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋์์ ์๊ฐ ์ ์ฐจ ๋์ด๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ํน์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ ๋ํ ๋๊ท๋ชจ์ WGS๋ ์ธ๊ฐ ๋์ ์ ์ ์ฒดํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํ๋ฉฐ, ๋ ๋์๊ฐ ์ ๋ฐ์ํ ์คํ์ ์ํ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ง๋จ์ ๋ํ ์ง๋จ ์ ์ ์ฒดํ์ ์ดํด์ ์ฝ๋ฆฌ ์ ์ ์ฒดํ์ ํ๋กํ์ผ์ ์ ํํ ๊ตฌ์ถ์ ์ํด ๋๊ท๋ชจ WGS ๋ฐ์ดํฐ์ ํ์์ฑ์ ์ง์ํด์ ๋๋๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ๊ทธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋์์ด ์ ๋ฝ์ธ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ํธ์ค ๋์ด์๋ ๊ฒ์ด ํ์ค์ด๋ค.
๋ฐฉ๋ฒ: ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๊ตญ์ธ๊ณผ ๋ชฝ๊ณจ์ธ, ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ, ์ค๊ตญ์ธ, ํ์ฝฉ์ธ 1,779๋ช
์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์์ฐํ ์ ์ฅ ์ ์ ์ฒด ์์ด ๋ถ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ NARD (Northeast Asian Reference Database)๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถํ์๋ค. NARD๋ 1000 ๊ฒ๋ ํ๋ก์ ํธ 3๋จ๊ณ (1KGP3)์ ํฌํจ๋์ง ์์๋ ํ๊ตญ๊ณ์ ๋ชฝ๊ณจ๊ณ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ ์๋ก์ด ์ ์ ์ ๋ค์์ฑ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ NARD์ 1KGP3์ ์ ์ ์ํ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณํฉํ๊ณ re-phasing ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋์ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ํตํฉ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ธํธ๋ฅผ ์์ฑํ์๋ค.
์์ ํ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ชฝ๊ณจ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ ๋ํด NARD ์ ๋์ ๊ท๋ชจ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ถ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐํ๋ ์ ์ ์์๋ค. NARD๋ ์์ผ๋ก ๋๋ถ์์์์ ์ ์ ์ฒดํ ๋ถ์ผ์ ๋ ์ ํํ๊ณ ์๋ก์ด ํต์ฐฐ์ ์ ๊ณตํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ํ ๋๋ก ํ PCA, FST ๋ถ์๊ณผ ๊ณํต์ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ ์ ์ฒดํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์งํํ์๋ค.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ํ ๋๋ถ์์์์ ์ฝ๋ฆฌํ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ์๋๋ฅผ ํ์๋ค. ์ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ์๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๋จ์ผ ์ผ๊ธฐ ๋คํ์ฑ (SNP) ๋ฐ BCL2L11 (BIM) ์ธํธ๋ก ์์ญ์ ๊ฒฐ์์ ํฌํจํ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณ์ด, ๋ฉด์ญ ์ฒดํฌ ํฌ์ธํธ ์ฐจ๋จ (ICB)์ ๋ํ ํจํ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋ HLA ์์ญ์ ํฌํจํ ๋๋ถ์์์ ํน์ด์ ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ์๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: re-phasing ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณํฉ๋ NARD์ 1KGP3์ ํจ๋์ ์ด์ฉํ ๋์์์์ธ ๋์ imputation์ ๊ธฐ์กด ํจ๋๋ค์ ์ฑ๋ฅ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋์ ์ ํ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ผ๋ฉฐ ํนํ ํฌ๊ท ๋ณ์ด์ ์ ๋น๋ ๋ณ์ด์ ๋ํด ๊ทธ ํฅ์์ด ๋๋๋ฌ์ก๋ค.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์๋ ค์ง ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ๊ตญ์ธ, ๋ชฝ๊ณจ์ธ, ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ๊ณผ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฐ ๋๋จ์์์์ธ ์ฌ์ด์ ๋๋ ทํ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์กด์ฌํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์๋ค.
NARD์์ ์ผ์ ์ด์ ๋น๋๋ก ์กด์ฌํ๋ ๋ณ์ด๋ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ํ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๋ณ์ฑ์ํค๋ ๋ณ์ด์ ํ์ ํ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฑฐํ๋๋ฐ ํ์ฉ๋ ์ ์๋ค. NARD์์๋ ์ด 1,480๋ง์ฌ ๊ฐ์ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์ง ์์๋ ์ ๊ท ๋ณ์ด๊ฐ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ฝ๋ฆฌ ์ ์ ์ฒดํ์ ๋ถ์์์ ํ์ด๋ก์ ํค๋์์ ์ ๋ฉด์ญ ์ฒดํฌ ํฌ์ธํธ ์ต์ ์ ์ ํจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ง์ญ์ ๋นํด ๋๋ถ์์์์์ ๋ ๋น๋ฒํ๊ฒ ๋ํ๋จ์ ๋ณด์๋ค. NARD ์ฐธ์กฐ ํจ๋์ https://nard.macrogen.com/ ์์ ์ํจํ
์ด์
ํ์ดํ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์ ๊ณต๋๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๋ก : ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋๋ถ์์์์ธ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ ํํ ์ฐธ์กฐ ํจ๋์ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์๋ค. ์ด ์ฐธ์กฐ ํจ๋์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋๊ตฌ๋ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์๊ฒ ์น์ ํตํด ์ ๊ณต๋๋ค. ๋ํ ๋๋ถ์์์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ ์ ์ฒดํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ฑ ์ ๋ฐํ ํต์ฐฐ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์์ผ๋ก ๋๋ถ์์์ ์ ๋ฐ ์ํ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ด์์ด ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.Introduction: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), an important technique in genome research, is becoming bigger the number of subjects thanks to both the increase of sequencing capacity and the decrease of sequencing cost. Large scale WGS for specific human populations with deep depth coverage is necessary to study population genomics. Moreover, the need for large-scale deep WGS datasets is emerging to precisely understand the pharmacogenomics profile for precision medicine in Northeast Asia in line with the global trend. However, most of the WGS studies are currently biased to Europe.
Methods: We constructed the Northeast Asian Reference Database (NARD) using whole-genome sequencing data of 1,779 individuals from Korea, Mongolia, Japan, China, and Hong Kong. The NARD provides the genetic diversity of Korean and Mongolian ancestries that were not present in the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 (1KGP3). We re-phased the genotypes merged from the NARD and the 1KGP3 to construct a more robust union set of haplotypes.
Mongol and Korean samples have never been released on the scale and the depth of the NARD level. It is expecting to shed light on novel and accurate insights to population genomics. To investigate the population structure, we performed PCA analysis, the fixation index (FST) analysis, phylogenetic tree construction, and ADMIXTURE analysis.
We also tried to reveal the pharmacogenetic characteristics of Northeast Asians. We looked at various types of variants specific to Northeast Asians, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to drug responses including rs116855232 in NUDT15, the SVs including BCL2L11 (BIM) intronic deletion, and the HLA haplotypes related to the responsiveness of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy.
Results: The re-phasing approach we used to enhance the panel merged of the NARD and the 1KGP3 established a robust imputation reference panel for Northeast Asians, which yields the greatest accuracy in the genotype imputation especially for rare and low-frequency variants of Northeast Asians compared to the existing panels.
Population genomics analyses demonstrated the significant differentiation among Koreans, Mongolians, Japanese, and mainland East Asians (Chinese and Southeast Asians), in contrast to previous studies that highlighted the close genetic relationships in Northeast Asian populations.
The NARD variants catalog covered 14.8 million novel SNPs, which is improving the disease-related variants discovery by reducing the potential pathogenic candidates with common frequency redefined from rare frequency. Pharmacogenomics profiling suggested that the inefficiency of tyrosine kinase and the inhibition of immune checkpoint prevailed in Northeast Asians.
The workbench of the imputation pipeline with the NARD panel is available at https://nard.macrogen.com/.
Conclusions: We constructed the most accurate genotype imputation panel for Northeast Asian with public availability. We also unveiled the detailed Northeast Asian population structure and pharmacogenomic observations. Our work will contribute to further studies into the era of precision medicine for not only Northeast Asian but also the global population.Introduction 1
Whole-genome sequencing for human genomics 2
Genotype imputation with a population-specific reference panel 6
Population genomics based on whole-genome sequencing 9
Pharmacogenomics and precision medicine 12
Material and Methods 14
Results 29
Discovery of genetic variants including SNPs, indels, and structural variations 30
Population genomics analyses to reveal genetic architecture 33
Imputation accuracy improved with the NARD reference panel 37
Pharmacogenomics for precision medicine in Northeast Asians 44
Discussion 84
References 89
Abstract in Korean 103Docto
ํ๊ตญ ์์์ ๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ํํฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํน์ฑ : ๊ฒฝ์์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก
์ด ๊ธ์ ์ ์๊ถ์์ ์น๋ฝ์ ์ป์ด ๋จํ๋ณธ ใํ๊ตญํ ์์ฅ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฒด์ ใ(2014๋
, ์ด์ํ ํธ, ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต์ถํ๋ฌธํ์)์ ์ 4์ฅ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์์ฝ ๋ฐ์ทํ์ฌ ์์ฑ๋์๋ค.ํ๊ตญ ์์์
๋ถ๋ฌธ์ด ์ด์
ํ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ํ์ค ์์ ์ฒํด ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์๋ ค์ง ์ฌ์ค์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ํ๊ตญ ์์์
๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ์ด์
ํ ํ์ค์ ์ง์ ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ง์ด ์์๋ค. ์ด๋ค์ ์์์
์ข
์ฌ์์ ์ํ์์ค๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋ก์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฑ์ ๋ํ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ํ๊ตญ ์์์
๋ถ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฎ์ ์๋, ๊ณผ๋ํ ๊ทผ๋ก ์๊ฐ ๋ฑ์ ํน์ง์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ง์ ํ๋ค. ์ฌ์ง์ด๋ ์๋น์์ ์์์
์๋ค์ด ์ ์ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ์ด๋์ง ๋ชปํด ์ํ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์
์ ์ ์ง๊ฐ ์ด๋ ค์ด ์ํฉ์ธ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฌ๋ฌ๋ค. ํ๊ตญ์์ ์์์
๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ๊ทธ ๋ถ๋ฌธ ์ข
์ฌ์์๊ฒ ๋
์์ ์ธ ์์กด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ์ ๊ณตํ์ง ๋ชปํ์ง ๋ชปํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ธฐํ์ ์ฐฝ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ์ ํต๋ก ์ญํ ์ ํ๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ด๋ค ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋๋ถ๋ถ ์์์
๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ํ์ค์ ๋ฌ์ฌํ๋ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น ๋ฟ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ํ์ค์ ๋ณ๊ณ ์๋ ์์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์์ธ์ง์ ๋ํด์๋ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ๋
ผ์๋ฅผ ์งํํ๊ณ ์์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค. ์ผ๋ถ ์์ธ์ ๋ํ ๋
ผ์๋ค์ ์์์
์ข
์ฌ์๊ฐ ๋๋ถ๋ถ ๊ณ ๋ น, ์ ์๋ จ ์ธ๋ ฅ์์ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ์ฌ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ ๋ถ์กฑ, ์๊ธ๋ ฅ ๋ถ์กฑ ๋ฑ์ ์์ธ์ผ๋ก ํ์
ํ๋ค
(A)Study on the relationships between the technological characteristics and the industrial patterns : an evolutionary economic analysis
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :๊ฒฝ์ ํ๋ถ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ์ ๊ณต,1998.Docto
FMS ์ค์ผ์ฅด๋ง์ ์ํ Priority ํจ์์ ์๋ ์์ฑ์ ๊ดํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์ฐ์
๊ณตํ๊ณผ,1997.Maste
Labor flexibility and subjectivity in the Korean independent broadcasting production sector
Thesis(masters) --์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์ธ๋ก ์ ๋ณดํ๊ณผ,2008. 8.Maste
Effect of Hippocampal Ablation on the Audiogenic Seizure in Rats
Rats in which the hippocampus was ablated through
overlying neocortex(hippoocampus-ablated rats) and
rats in which only the portion of neocortex over
the hippocampus was ablated(neocortex-ablated rats)
were prepared and their susceptibility to the sound
produced by one bell("weak" sound. 105~1O7 decibels)
or two bells("strong" sound, 110~114 decibels)
to induce audiogenic seizure was tested before and
after brain ablation.
The susceptibility to the sound increased both III
hippocampus-ablated rats and in neocortex-ablated
animals. While in neocortex-ablated rats the increase
in the frequency of audiogenic seizure was manifest
only under strong sound. hippocampus-ablated animals
showed increased susceptibility to both weak and
strong sound
Thyroid Activity Following Hippocampal Ablation
The hippocampus was ablated through neocortex
in a group of male albino rats(hippocampus group).
Rats were also prepared in which only the portion of
neocortex over the hippocampus was ablated(neocortex
group). These rats together with normal control rats
were studied on their thyroid activity before and following
brain ablation in warm environment(28-30ยฐC),
and then also under reduced room temperature(1416ยฐ
C). Following intraperitoneal administration of 10,uC
of carrier-free 1131, the radioactivity of the thyroid
was measured every morning and evening or every 24
hour for 120 to 144 hours. The thyroidal release rate
of 1131 was calculated taking the 48th hour radioactivity
as 100% and was expressed in the form of effective
half life, which served as an index of the thyroid
activity.
Under 28-30ยฐC, the effective half life tended to
prolong after brain damage compared with that of
preoperative period both in hippocampus group(N: 8,
MeanยฑS.D. : 54.2ยฑ9.29 hr before, 72.6ยฑ23.10 after)
and also in neocortex group (N: 8, MeanยฑS.D.: 50.5
ยฑ8.24 hr before, 61.6ยฑ20.80 after). But the difference
was of dubious significance in hippocampus group(.05
.20).
Nor was there any significant difference between hippocampus
group and neocortex group as regards the
net increment of effective half life following brain lesion.
For reference, the mean effective half life of
three normal control rats under the same environment
throughout was 53.8 hr in the preoperative period,
and 51.6 hr in the postoperative period.
In another experiment, where hippocampus group,
neocortex group, and normal control group were subjected
to reduced room temperature(14-16ยฐC), the
thyroid activity was found significantly accelerated in
all groups. The differences in the effective half life
among these three groups, however, were negligible
and statistically insignificant under low temperature
(N : 12 in each group, MeanยฑS.D.: 42.7ยฑ6.37 hr in
normal control group, 46.3ยฑ7.21 in hippocampus
group, and 43.2ยฑ5.83 in neocortex group). These
three groups had been equated as regards their thyroid
activity in the preoperative period under 28-30
0C.
The inferences from these data are that the hippocampus
and neocortex might exert slight, inconspicuous
facilitatory influence upon thyroid activity in
warm weather, but that these brain structures seems
to exert little influence upon accelerated thyroid function
in cold weather
Blood volume in cobalt chloride induced polycythaemia of rats.
Polycythaemia was produced in 10 adult
albino rats by administration of cobalt chloride.
The total blood volume was measured with T-1824
and the values were compared to the normal
control group (N=15). The following findings
were obtained.
1. Red blood cell count, hematocrit value and
hemoglobin concentration were significantly incrยท
eased in the experimental group.
2. Plasma volume of experimental group was
3.80ๅ. 12ml/100 g and was significantly smaller
than that of normal group, value being 4.14ๅ.18
ml/100 g.
3. There was no difference of total blood volume
between the two groups. Total blood volume was
7.41 ๅ0.37 ml/100 gram. Thus, in cobalt administered
rat, there was a normovolemic polycythaemi