2 research outputs found
ν¬μ λ₯ μ μ 체 λ΄ μ νμμ μν μ μ νμ λ° νΉμ± λ°κ΅΄
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μμ°κ³Όνλν νλκ³Όμ μλ¬Όμ 보νμ 곡,2019. 8. κΉν¬λ°.The central goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the genetic basis of evolutionary processes and adaptive traits. In this regard, the recent advances in sequencing technologies and the explosion of sequence data provide a better opportunity to reach this goal. Various genomic variations are now easily and precisely obtained for large-scale of samples. They are expanding the scope of typical genomic studies, allowing us to take into account diverse evolutionary processes. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the applications of such genomic variations while taking into account diverse evolutionary scenarios and time scales. As such, this thesis will fill in the gaps in the knowledge of mammalian genetic background underlying adaptive traits through genome-wide scan and comparative genome analysis.
This thesis consists of five chapters and includes results of genome analysis for detecting evolutionary signatures in three mammal species; pinnipeds, primates, and cattle. The basic background, terminologies and recent example studies related to this thesis were introduced in chapter 1. Chapter 2 and 3 focused on divergence between species (macroevolution), while chapter 4 and 5 focused on polymorphism within species (microevolution).
Pinnipeds are a remarkable group of marine animals with unique adaptations to semi-aquatic life. However, their genomes are poorly characterized. In chapter 2, evolutionary signatures of pinnipeds have been investigated using amino acid substitutions. Novel genome assemblies of 3 pinniped species; Phoca largha, Callorhinus ursinus, and Eumetopias jubatus have been generated. These genome assemblies have been used to detect rapidly evolving genes and substitutions unique to pinnipeds associated with their specificities. As a result, unique substitutions were found within the TECTA gene and are likely related to the adaptation to amphibious sound perception in pinnipeds. In addition, several genes (FASN, KCNA5, and IL17RA) containing substitutions specific to pinnipeds were found to be potential candidates of phenotypic convergence in all marine mammals. It indicates the weak link between molecular and phenotypic convergence, and confirms the results of previous studies. This study provides candidate targets for future studies of gene function, as well as backgrounds for convergent evolution of marine mammals.
Humans have the largest brain among extant primates with specialized neuronal connections. However, how the human brain rapidly evolved compared to that of closely related primates is not fully understood. In chapter 3, a genome-wide survey has been performed to find an explanation for the rapid evolution of human brain. Based on the hypothesis that tandem repeats could play a key role in introducing genetic variations due to their unstable nature, a genome-wide survey detected 152 human-specific TRs (HSTR) that have emerged only in the human lineage. The HSTRs are associated with biological functions in brain development and synapse function, and the expression level of HSTR-associated genes in brain tissues was significantly higher in human than in other primates. These results suggest a possibility that de novo emergence of TRs might have contributed to the rapid evolution of human brain.
The genetic history of cattle is complex, but contains plentiful information to comprehend mammalian evolutionary process such as domestication, and environmental adaptations. In chapter 4, the genomic influence of recent artificial selection has been examined in the case of Korean native cattle, Hanwoo. Using runs of homozygosity (ROH), an increase of inbreeding for decades has been shown, and at the same time, it has been demonstrated that inbreeding has been of little influence on body weight trait. In chapter 5, admixture between two cattle populations; Bos taurus, and Bos indicus has been examined in Indigenous African cattle populations., Several evidences based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) support that adaptive admixture is at the root of the success of African cattles rapid dispersion across African continent.
The findings in this thesis demonstrated applications of various genomic variations under diverse evolutionary scenarios and time scales, and thus may contribute to the understanding of evolutionary processes in mammals.μ§ν μλ¬Όνμ ν΅μ¬ λͺ©νλ μ§ν κ³Όμ κ³Ό μ μ νμ§μ μ μ μ κΈ°μ΄λ₯Ό μ΄ν΄νλ κ²μ΄λ€. μ΄μ κ΄λ ¨νμ¬ μ΅κ·Ό μνμ± κΈ°μ μ μ§λ³΄μ μμ΄ λ°μ΄ν°μ νλ°μ μ¦κ°λ μ΄λ¬ν λͺ©νλ₯Ό λ¬μ± ν μ μλ λ μ’μ κΈ°νλ₯Ό μ 곡νκ³ μλ€. μ€μ λ‘ μνμ± κΈ°μ μ λ°λ¬λ‘ λκ·λͺ¨ μλ£μ λνμ¬ μ’ λ μ½κ³ μ ννκ² λ€μν μ μ λ³μ΄λ₯Ό μ»μ μ μκ² λμμΌλ©°, μ΄ λλΆμ μΌλ°μ μΈ μ μ 체 μ°κ΅¬μ λ²μκ° νμ₯λμκ³ λ€μν μ§ν κ³Όμ μ κ³ λ €ν μλ μκ² λμλ€. μ΄μ μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ λͺ©μ μ λ€μν μ§νκ³Όμ νμμ μ¬λ¬ μ μ λ³μ΄μ μ μ©μ±μ 보μ¬μ£Όκ³ , μ μ₯ μ μ 체 λ° λΉκ΅ μ μ 체 λΆμμ ν΅ν΄ ν¬μ λ₯ μ μ νμ§μ μ μ μ λ°°κ²½μ λ°νλ κ²μ΄λ€.
μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ μΈ κ°μ§ ν¬μ λλ¬Ό μ’
(κΈ°κ°λ₯, μμ₯λ₯, μ)μ μ μ 체 λΆμ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν¬ν¨ν 5 κ°μ μ₯μΌλ‘ ꡬμ±λμ΄μλ€. μ 1μ₯μμλ μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έκ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ λ°°κ²½ μ§μκ³Ό μ΅κ·Όμ μ°κ΅¬ μ¬λ‘λ₯Ό μκ°νκ³ μλ€. μ λ°λΆ (μ 2, 3μ₯)λ μ’
κ° λΉκ΅λΆμμ μ€μ μ λμκ³ , νλ°λΆ(μ 4, 5μ₯)λ μ’
λ΄μ λ€νμ±μ μ΄μ μ λκ³ μλ€.
κΈ°κ°λ₯λ λ° μμ νκ²½μ μ μν νΉμ§μ μΈ ν΄μ λλ¬Όμ΄λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ κ·Έ μ μ 체λ νΉμ±μ΄ μ μλ €μ Έ μμ§ μλ€. μ 2 μ₯μμλ μλ―Έλ
Έμ° μΉν μ 보λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ κΈ°κ°λ₯μ μ§ν λ° μ μ νμ μ μ‘°μ¬νμλ€. ꡬ체μ μΌλ‘ κΈ°κ°λ₯3 μ’
μ μλ‘μ΄ μ μ 체λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ κΈ°κ°λ₯μ μννκ²½κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ μμ±μ ν μ μ μ λ° μλ―Έλ
Έμ° μΉν νμ μ λ°κ΅΄νμλ€. νΉν TECTA μ μ μ λ΄μ κ³ μ ν μλ―Έλ
Έμ° μΉν νμ μ κΈ°κ°λ₯μ μ²κ°κ³Ό λ°μ ν κ΄λ ¨μ΄ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ μμλλ€. λν, μ΄μ μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όμ κ°μ΄ ν΄μ ν¬μ λ₯μμ νννμ μλ ΄μ§νμ μ§μ μ μΌλ‘ μ°κ΄λμ΄ μλ μμ΄ μλ ΄μ ννμ§ μλ€λ κ²μ νμΈνμλ€. μλ₯Ό λ€μ΄, FASN, KCNA5 λ° IL17RAλ κΈ°κ°λ₯μ νΉμ΄μ μΈ μλ―Έλ
Έμ° μΉνμ ν¬ν¨νμ§λ§ λͺ¨λ ν΄μ ν¬μ λλ¬Όμμ 곡ν΅μ μΌλ‘ ννν μλ ΄μ§ν (λκΊΌμ΄ μ§λ°©μ‘°μ§, μ μ°μ μ μ λ° λ³μ체μ λν λ©΄μ λ°μ)κ° μΌμ΄λ¬μ κ²μΌλ‘ μμλλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Όλ€μ ν΄μ ν¬μ λ₯μ μλ ΄ μ§ν νΉμ±μ λν μ§μμ μ 곡ν¨κ³Ό λμμ μ μ μ κΈ°λ₯ μ°κ΅¬μ λν ν보 νμ μ μ 곡ν κ²μΌλ‘ κΈ°λλλ€.
μΈκ°μ νμ‘΄νλ μμ₯λ₯ μ€μμ κ°μ₯ ν° λλλ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μΈκ°μ λκ° μ΄λ»κ² μμ₯λ₯ μ€μμ νΉν λΉ λ₯΄κ² μ§ννλμ§ λ μμ ν λ°νμ§μ§ μμλ€. μ 3 μ₯μμλ μΈκ° λλμ κΈμν μ§νμ λν κ°μ€μ μ°ΎκΈ° μν΄ μ μ 체 λΆμμ μννμλ€. λ°λ³΅μμ΄μ΄ κ·Έ λΆμμ ν μ±μ§ λλ¬Έμ κΈμν μ μ μ λ³μ΄λ₯Ό μΌμΌν€λ λ° ν΅μ¬μ μΈ μν μ ν μ μλ€λ κ°μ€μ κ·Όκ±°νμ¬, μ μ 체 λΉκ΅λΆμμμ μΈκ° νΉμ΄μ μΈ 152 κ°μ λ°λ³΅μμ΄μ κ²μΆνμλ€. νΉμ΄νκ²λ, μ΄λ¬ν λ°λ³΅μμ΄λ€μ λ λ°λ¬ λ° μλ
μ€ κΈ°λ₯κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨μ΄ μμμΌλ©°, λ μ‘°μ§μμ ν΄λΉ λ°λ³΅μμ΄κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ μ μ μμ λ°ν μμ€μ λ€λ₯Έ μμ₯λ₯λ³΄λ€ μΈκ°μμ μ μνκ² λμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ²°κ³Όλ λ°λ³΅μμ΄μ΄ μΈκ° λλμ κΈμν μ§νμ κΈ°μ¬νμμ μλ μλ€λ νλμ κ°λ₯μ±μ μ μνλ€.
μμ μ μ μ μμ¬λ 볡μ‘νμ§λ§ κ°μΆν λ° νκ²½ μ μκ³Ό κ°μ ν¬μ λλ¬Όμ μ§ν κ³Όμ μ μ΄ν΄ν μ μλ νλΆν μ 보λ₯Ό λ΄κ³ μλ€. μ 4 μ₯μμλ νκ΅ ν μ’
μνμ’
μΈ νμ°μ μ μ 체 μ λ°μ΄ νμ° μ§λ¨μ λ―ΈμΉ μ μ μ μν₯μ μ‘°μ¬ νμλ€. Runs of humozygosityλ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬, μ΅κ·Όμ μΌμ΄λ κ·ΌμΉ κ΅λ°°μ μ¦κ°λ₯Ό λ³΄μ¬ μ£Όμκ³ λμμ, κ·Όκ΅μ½μΈκ° 체μ€μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉ λ§νΌ ν¬μ§ μμλ€λ κ²μ μ μ μ 보λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ 보μ¬μ£Όμλ€. μ 5 μ₯μμλ μμ λ μμ’
(Bos taurus, Bos indicus)μ¬μ΄μ μ μ μ νΌν©μ μν리카 ν μ°© μμ λ¨μΌ μΌκΈ° λ€νμ± μλ£λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λΆμνμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μν리카 μμ νκ²½μ λν λΉ λ₯Έ μ μμ μμΈμ μ μ μ νΌν©μ μλ€λ μ¬λ¬ μ¦κ±°λ₯Ό μ μνμλ€.
μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ λ€μν μ§νκ³Όμ νμμ λ€μν μ μ λ³μ΄μ μ μ©μ¬λ‘λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όκ³ , λν μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ ν¬μ λλ¬Όμ λ€μν μ§ν κ³Όμ μ μ΄ν΄νλ λ°μ κΈ°μ¬ν μ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ κΈ°λλλ€.ABSTRACT I
CONTENTS V
LIST OF TABLES VII
LIST OF FIGURES IX
GENERAL INTRODUCTION XIV
CHAPTER 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1
1.1 GENOMIC VARIATIONS 2
1.2 SIGNATURES OF POSITIVE SELECTION 7
1.3 SIGNATURES OF INTROGRESSION 13
CHAPTER 2. DECIPHERING THE EVOLUTIONARY SIGNATURES OF PINNIPEDS USING NOVEL GENOME SEQUENCES: THE FIRST GENOMES OF PHOCA LARGHA, CALLORHINUS URSINUS, AND EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS 17
2.1 ABSTRACT 18
2.2 INTRODUCTION 19
2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 23
2.4 RESULTS 37
2.5 DISCUSSION 66
CHAPTER 3. DE NOVO EMERGENCE AND POTENTIAL FUNCTION OF HUMAN-SPECIFIC TANDEM REPEATS IN BRAIN-RELATED LOCI 70
3.1 ABSTRACT 71
3.2 INTRODUCTION 72
3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 75
3.4 RESULTS 89
3.5 DISCUSSION 109
CHAPTER 4. ARTIFICIAL SELECTION INCREASED BODY WEIGHT BUT INDUCED INCREASE OF RUNS OF HOMOZYGOSITY IN HANWOO CATTLE 114
4.1 ABSTRACT 115
4.2 INTRODUCTION 116
4.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 121
4.4 RESULTS 128
4.5 DISCUSSION 150
CHAPTER 5. THE MOSAIC GENOME ARCHITECTURE OF INDIGENOUS AFRICAN CATTLE AS A UNIQUE GENETIC RESOURCE FOR ADAPTATION TO LOCAL ENVIRONMENTS 154
5.1 ABSTRACT 155
5.2 INTRODUCTION 157
5.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 161
5.4 RESULTS 174
5.5 DISCUSSION 199
GENERAL DISCUSSION 204
REFERENCES 207
μμ½(κ΅λ¬Έμ΄λ‘) 234Docto
Unraveling genomic characteristics of domesticated animals and its applications using bioinformatic approaches
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : λμλͺ
곡νλΆ λλ¬Όμλͺ
곡νμ 곡, 2016. 2. κΉν¬λ°.κ°μΆνλ λλ¬Όλ€μ μΈκ°μ μν μΈμμ μ νμΌλ‘ μΈν΄ μμ°μνμ λλ¬Όκ³Όλ λ€λ₯Έ μ μ 체μ νΉμ±μ κ°μ§κ³ μλ€. λν, κ·Έλ€μ μ μ 체μ νΉμ±μ μ μμ°, μ°μμμ κ°μ μμ°νμ§μ ν° μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉ μ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ κ°μΆνλ λλ¬Όμ μλ‘μ΄ μ μ μ νΉμ±μ κ·λͺ
νκ³ λΆμνλ κ²μ μ°μ
μ μΌλ‘λ νλ¬Έμ μΌλ‘ ν° κ°μΉλ₯Ό μ§λκ³ μλ€κ³ ν μ μλ€. μ μ μ νΉμ± μ€, λ¨μΌ μΌκΈ° λ€νμ±μ λ§μ μ°κ΅¬μμ νμ©λμ΄μλλ°, νΉν κ°μΆμμλ μ°μ
μ μΌλ‘ ν° κ°μΉλ₯Ό μ§λ νμ’
μ ꡬλΆνκΈ° μνμ¬ μ°κ΅¬λμλ€. μλ₯Ό λ€μ΄, λ¨μΌ μΌκΈ° λ€νμ±μ λν μ μ ν λΆμμ ν΅νμ¬ ν¬μκ°μΉκ° λμ λΌμ§λ₯Ό ꡬλΆνλ λ°©λ²μ΄ μ€μ λ‘ νμ©λκ³ μλ€. λ λ€λ₯Έ ννμ μ μ 체 νΉμ±μΈ ꡬ쑰 λ³μ΄λ λ¨μΌμΌκΈ° λ€νμ± λ³΄λ€ λκ·λͺ¨μΈ μλ°±μμ μλ§κ°μ μ΄λ₯΄λ μΌκΈ°μμ΄ λ³νλ₯Ό μΌμΌν¨λ€. μ΄λ¬ν ꡬ쑰 λ³μ΄ μ€ νλμΈ μ μ΄ μΈμλ νΉμ§μ μΌλ‘ μ μ 체λ΄μμμ μ΄λμ΄ κ°λ₯νλ©° μ΄λ¬ν μ΄λμ μ μ μ λ³μ΄μ λλΆμ΄ κ°μ²΄μ νμ§μ λ³νμν¬ μ μλ€.
ννΈ, λμ μ μ 체λ λ€λ₯Έ λλ¬Όκ³Ό λ€λ₯΄κ² μ μ΄ μΈμλ₯Ό λ€λ보μ νκ³ μμΌλ©° μ΄λ¬ν μ μ΄ μΈμλ‘ μΈν νμ§ λ³νμ λν μ¬λ¬ μ°κ΅¬κ° λ³΄κ³ λμλ€. μ 2 μ₯μμλ νλ λ¬κ±μ μμ°νλ λμΈ κ²½λΆ μλΌμ°μΉ΄λμ μ μ 체 λ¨νΈ μμ΄μ 보λ₯Ό μ°¨μΈλ μΌκΈ°μμ΄ λΆμλ°©λ²μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ»μ΄λ΄μλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ νΉμ΄μ μ μ΄ μΈμμ νμκ³Ό κ΅°μ§ λΆμμ μννμκ³ , κ²½λΆ μλΌμ°μΉ΄λμ νΉμ±κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨ λ 3κ°μ ν보 μ μ΄ μΈμλ₯Ό λ°κ΅΄νμλ€. λν κ΅°μ§ λΆμμ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ κ²½λΆ μλΌμ°μΉ΄λμ κΈ°μκ³Ό μ’
λ΄μμμ μμΉμ λν μ 보λ₯Ό μ»μ μ μμλ€.
μμ°μ΄λ ₯μ λ λλ¬Ό λλ λλ¬Όμ± μνμ μμ°μ§λ₯Ό μΆμ νλ λ°©λ²μ λ§νλ€. μ΄λ μμ€λ
κ³Ό κ°μ μνκ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ μ μΌμ± μ§λ³μ μλ°©νκ±°λ λμ²νλ λ° λ§€μ° μ€μν λ°©λ²μ΄λ€. μμ°μ΄λ ₯μ λ λν λλ¬Όμ± μνμ λν μλΉμμ μ λ’°λλ₯Ό ν₯μ μν€λ μν μ ν μ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ κΈ°κ³νμ΅μ ν΅ν μμ°μ΄λ ₯μ μ λν μ°κ΅¬λ νμ¬κΉμ§ κ±°μ μ§νλμ§ μμλ€. μ 3 μ₯μμλ 104κ°μ λμ₯μμ μμ°λ 4,122 λ§λ¦¬μ λΌμ§λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ μ νμ λΆμνκ³ μ΄λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ κ°κ°μ λΌμ§λ₯Ό λμ₯μ λ°λΌ λΆλ₯ν μ μλ λͺ¨νμ ꡬμΆνμλ€. κ±°μ λͺ¨λ κ²½μ°μμ LogitBoost λΆλ₯κΈ°λ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν λͺ¨νμ΄ λΆλ₯ μ νλ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ λ€λ₯Έ λͺ¨νμ λ₯κ°νμμΌλ©°, μ μ μ κ΄κ³κ° λμ μ§λ¨μμ λ λμ μ νλλ₯Ό λνλ΄μλ€. μ΄ λ κ²°κ³Όλ λ¨μΌμΌκΈ° λ€νμ±μ μ΄μ©ν κΈ°κ³νμ΅ μ κ·Ό λ°©λ²μ μμ°μ΄λ ₯μ μ λν μμ©κ°λ₯μ±μ 보μ¬μ€λ€.CHAPTER 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1
1.1 TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS 2
1.2 MACHINE-LEARNING APPROACH FOR TRACEABILITY 7
CHAPTER 2. WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING OF GYEONGBUK ARAUCANA, A NEWLY DEVELOPED BLUE-EGG LAYING CHICKEN BREED, REVEALS ITS ORIGIN AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS 13
2.1 ABSTRACT 14
2.2 INTRODUCTION 15
2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 18
2.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 22
CHAPTER 3. APPLICATION OF LOGITBOOST CLASSIFIER FOR TRACEABILITY USING SNP CHIP DATA 33
3.1 ABSTRACT 34
3.2 INTRODUCTION 35
3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 38
3.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 44
GENERAL DISCUSSION 81
REFERENCES 82
μμ½(κ΅λ¬Έμ΄λ‘) 91Maste