Studies on the eco-physiological mechanisms for the key techniques in mangrove afforestation in the diurnal tidal region

本研究针对制约当前我国红树林造林的最关键的两个自然因素：潮汐淹水和污损动物胁迫进行系统研究，目的是为科学划分红树林宜林地提供关键的技术参数，为红树林污损动物防治提供技术方法，从而提高红树林生态恢复工程的成功率。研究内容包括：1.红树植物淹水胁迫研究。在全日潮海区滩涂上建造野外试验平台，围绕当地平均海平面设置了8个滩面高程梯度，开展白骨壤(Avicenniamarina)、桐花树(Aegicerascorniculatum)、秋茄(Kandeliaobovata)、红海榄(Rhizophorastylosa)和木榄(Bruguieragymnorrhiza)等5种红树植物幼苗淹水胁迫试验，探索这...Focused on the two key factors determining the chance of successful mangrove afforestation, i.e. flooding and fouling stress, the present study aimed at providing the supporting parameters for reasonable selection of suitable tidal flat for mangrove afforestation, and for controlling technique to the mangrove fouling fauna as well. This study consisted of three aspects, 1) the eco-physiological re...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：2162006015328

浅谈高校工会工作在高校管理中的意义

中国的高等教育经过多年的改革发展,积累了一定的发展源动力,将进入新的发展阶段,高等学校正面临着新的挑战和机遇。高等教育改革的新形势赋予了高校工会更多的责任和更重要的地位,高校工会在拥护党政领导、维护教职工权益、调解矛盾、提升教职工素养乃至推进高校改革发展中都起到了重要的作用。为高校管理提供了强有力的支持

Prevention of barnacles on planted Rhizophora stylosa Griff seedlings with pesticide malathion and related eco-physiological effects

设置4种施药频度(3、7、14和28d)和马拉硫磷4种浓度(分别为原农药浓度45%的1/200、1/400、1/600和1/800)处理,在初植红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa Griff)幼苗上开展了1年防治藤壶试验。结果表明:随施药浓度和频度提高,处理组幼苗上藤壶生物量显著降低,且所有处理组均显著低于对照组(P<0.001);红海榄茎生物量和高度对施药浓度和频度不表现规律性反应;同一浓度的28d频度处理组幼苗的叶和根生物量及叶面积均低于其他频度处理组;在同一浓度下,施药频度越高叶数保持越多;3、7和14d频度处理组幼苗死亡率均较低,仅0~5%,28d频度处理组死亡率较高,为11%~22%,但对照组死亡率达39%;幼苗死亡率与藤壶生物量之间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.001),与叶生物量、叶数、根生物量及新生器官生物量存在显著负相关关系(P<0.001),与茎高、茎生物量、原繁殖体生物量等相关性不显著;施用农药造成红海榄幼苗叶绿素总量降低,Chl(a/b)比值上升,同时抗氧化酶系SOD和POD活性增大。建议在平均海平面高程的滩涂上造林,可采用频度14d、浓度1/800马拉硫磷喷雾防治藤壶。A one-year experiment on the prevention of the barnacles on planted Rhizophora stylosa Griff seedlings with malathion was conducted at Yingluo bay of Guangxi, China. Four pesticide concentrations (1/200, 1/400, 1/600, and 1/800 seawater solution of the original malathion concentration (45%)) and four spraying frequencies (every 3, 7, 14, and 28 days) were installed. The results showed that with increasing pesticide concentration and spraying frequency, the barnacle biomass on the seedlings decreased significantly, and all the treatments had a significantly lower barnacle biomass than the control (P<0.001). The seedlings stem biomass and height did not have definite patterns of responses to the pesticide concentration and spraying frequency. At the same pesticide concentration, spraying it every 28 days gave the lowest root biomass, leaf biomass and leaf area, and the more the spraying frequency, the more the leaves preserved. Also at the same pesticide concentration, spraying it every 28 days gave the highest mortality (11%-22%) of the seedlings, while spraying every 3, 7 and 14 days only gave 0-5% of the mortality. However, the mortality in control group reached 39%. Statistical analysis indicated that the seedlings mortality had a significant positive correlation with barnacle biomass (P<0.001), significant negative correlations with leaf biomass, leaf number, root biomass, and neonatal biomass (P<0.001), but no significant correlations with seedlings stem height, stem biomass, and remained propagule biomass. Spraying malathion decreased the seedlings leaf chlorophyll content, but increased the leaf Chl (a/b) ratios and SOD and POD activities. It was proposed that in case of mangrove forestation on tidal flats at mean sea level, spraying malathion at the concentration of 1/800 and with a frequency of every 14 days could prevent barnacle effectively.国家自然科学基金项目(30670317);; 厦门大学“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”项目(X07115);; 广西科学基金项目(0640014);; 北海市科技攻关资助项目(200601057

武夷山自然保护区郁闭稳定甜槠林与人为干扰甜槠林物种多样性比较

研究了武夷山自然保护区郁闭稳定甜槠林与人为干扰甜槠林的物种多样性 ,分别利用物种丰富度指数、Shannon- Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度和 Simpson指数作了比较。结果表明郁闭稳定甜槠林的物种丰富度为 11.370 4,Shannon- Wiener指数为 3.940 4,均匀度为 6 3.0 5 % ,Simpson指数为 6 .3740 ;人为干扰后的甜槠林的各项物种多样性指数值远比郁闭林高 ,分别为 2 0 .0 479、5 .5 431、78.44 %、2 1.716 3,其中灌木层与草本层所起的作用较大。利用群落优势度 (C)衡量了两个群落的稳定性 ,表明郁闭林的群落优势度远高于人为干扰林。而受到干扰的群落 ,阳性种入侵 ,阴性高大乔木待恢复 ,中等树木和幼苗尚存。演替过程中 ,群落物种多样性的增加是生态系统对外界轻度干扰的一种适应 ,是恢复生态系统稳定性的一种对策

Effects of mixed-culture densities of Spartina alterniflora on eco-physiological characteristics of Kandelia candel seedling

按照不同密度将互花米草与秋茄进行混种,对比研究胁迫条件下秋茄幼苗生长、光合特性及其渗透调节物质变化规律。结果表明,低密度互花米草促进秋茄的茎长以及各部分生物量,高密度则起抑制作用。随着互花米草密度的增大,秋茄幼苗叶片光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率和蛋白含量均下降;相反,胞间CO2浓度、可溶性糖、淀粉、脯氨酸含量却上升,这些变化有利于对抗互花米草带来的不利影响。 【英文摘要】 Kandelia candel seedlings were mix-cultured with Spartina alterniflora of different densities for 120 days,and their growth,photosynthetic characteristics as well as osmotic adjustment law were studied.The results showed that the stem height and biomass of K.candel seedlings were enhanced with low density S.alterniflora and inhabited with high density ones.With the density of S.alterniflora going up,Pn、Gs、Tr、WUE and protein content in K.candel seedlings decreased respectively.On the contrary,the content of ...国家自然科学基金资助项目(30670317,30271065);; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(D0210001

武夷山自然保护区蕨类植物物种多样性与区系的研究

在野外调查和整理资料的基础上 ,调查分析了武夷山自然保护区蕨类植物的区系组成和分布类型。结果表明 :福建武夷山国家级自然保护区共有蕨类植物 4 0科、92属、2 95种和 9变种 2变型 ;主要科为鳞毛蕨科、水龙骨科、金星蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、铁角蕨科、卷柏科、凤尾蕨科 ,主要属为鳞毛蕨属、铁角蕨属、蹄盖蕨属、卷柏属、复叶耳蕨属、凤尾蕨属、瓦韦属。具有10个分布区类型 ,科的分布类型以泛热带分布及其变型为主 ;属以泛热带分布及其变型为最多 ;种类以东亚分布类型和特有成分为主 ,表现出亚热带的特点。与周边 7个地区蕨类植物区系相似性和丰富度的比较表明 ,与武夷山蕨类植物区系亲缘关系最近的是安徽九华山 ;武夷山的蕨类丰富度比纬度位置高的江西庐山、安徽黄山和浙江天目山大。武夷山拥有 92种中国特有蕨类及一些珍稀蕨类植物 ,有很高的保护价

Phytoplankton community structures revealed by pigment signatures in Norwegian and Greenland Seas in summer 2012

对2012年中国第5次北极科学考察期间的挪威海和格陵兰海两个断面的光合色素进行了高效液相色谱(HPlC)分级分析,通过藻类色素化学分类分析软件(CHEMTAX)获得了不同浮游植物类群对叶绿素A的贡献,进而得到该海域表层和次表层(30 M)的浮游植物群落结构。结果表明:表层总叶绿素A的浓度为23.59 ng/l,低于次表层的30.38 ng/l,其中浮游植物根据粒径划分对总叶绿素A的贡献由高到低依次是微型浮游植物、小型浮游植物和微微型浮游植物。该海域同时存在葱绿叶绿素(PrASInO)、墨角藻黄素(fuCO)、别藻黄素(AllO)、多甲藻素(PErId)、玉米黄素(zEA)、19-丁墨甲藻黄素(19'bf)和19-六已墨甲藻黄素(19'Hf)等色素,其浓度和分布与温盐和营养盐等环境因子存在一定的相关性。不同粒径浮游植物色素组成显示,微微型浮游植物群落中以S型定鞭藻(28%)、n型定鞭藻(21%)、硅藻(18%)和青绿藻(12%)占优;微型浮游植物群落的优势类群为S型定鞭藻(53%)、n型定鞭藻(20%)和硅藻(12%);而小型浮游植物群落主要为硅藻(63%)和甲藻(17%)。Composition of phytoplankton controlled not only the formation of the Food Chain,but also the efficiency of energy transfer.At the same time,phytoplankton influenced the distribution of nutrient and the sedimentation of organic particulate matter.So study of phytoplankton community structures plays an important role in understanding the ecological function of phytoplankton.Photosynthetic pigments needed by photosynthesis,are very good biomarkers.They can be used to research and characterize phytoplankton community structure.Norwegian and Greenland Seas which are influenced by the Arctic water with low temperature and salinity and Atlantic water with high temperature and salinity.Understanding of correlation between environmental factors and phytoplankton community structure,is important for understanding the community structure of the marine organisms and their ecological function.During the 5thChinese Arctic Research Expedition in summer 2012,we analyze the photosynthetic pigments fromNorwegian and Greenland Seas by HPLC.Contributions of different phytoplankton assemblages to Chlorophyll a were obtained by Chemical Taxonomy( CHEMTAX),and thus resulted in composition of the phytoplankton community structure at the surface and subsurface water( about 30 m depth).The result showed that average concentration of Chlorophyll a at surface water was 23.59 ng / L,lower than that at upper water( 30.38 ng / L).The contributions of phytoplankton to Chlorophyll a were nano-> micro-> pico-one.Prasinoxanthin,Fucoxanthin,Alloxanthoxyletin,Peridinin,Zeaxanthin,19'-but-fucoxanthin,19-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin were observed in the waters.Their distributions were relative to environmental factors,including Nutrients,temperature and salinity.These photosynthetic pigments showed negative correlations with temperature and salinity.Whereas they showed positive relations with nutrients,including NO-2,NO-3,SiO3 2-and PO3-4.The correlations of different phytoplankton and environmental factors were different.Diatoms had a very significant positive correlation with SiO3 2-,but had no correlation with PO3-4,NO-2and NO-3; Haptophytes-N had significant positive correlations with PO3-4,NO-2and NO-3; Haptophytes-S also had a positive correlation with PO3-4,but had no correlation with NO-2and NO-3.The maximum values of these photosynthetic pigments,except for Zea and Fuco,existed in the subsurface of the section BB.The distribution and concentration of photosynthetic pigments could explain the distribution and abundance of the phytoplankton to some extent.Not only because the pigments are complex and multiple,but also because there are inevitable errors in the testing and sampling,we cant determine the existence and abundance of the phytoplankton.So we use the CHEMTAX to obtain the contributions of different phytoplankton assemblages to Chlorophyll a,and thus resulted in composition of phytoplankton community structure.The composition of phytoplankton showed that Haptophytes-S( 28%), Haptophytes-N( 21%),Diatoms( 18%),and Prasinophytes( 12%) were main assemblages in the picoplankton; the main composition of nanophytoplankton were Haptophytes-S( 53%),Haptophytes-N( 20%),and Diatoms( 12%); meanwhile, Diatoms( 63%) dominated the microphytoplankton,followed by Dinoflagellates( 17%).Haptophytes-S,Haptophytes-N and Diatoms were dominant species in the surface and subsurface of section BB and AT belonging to the Norwegian and Greenland Sea.If Fucoxanthins and Diatomss existence in picophytoplankton could explain the tendency of phytoplankton to micro and miniaturization,these still need to be more sufficient evidence.国家自然科学基金(41076130;41206189); 南北极环境综合考察与评价专项(CHINARE2011-2015

武夷山脉南北蕨类植物生物多样性研究

从植物区系、生物多样性容量、通量和质量等方面比较了武夷山脉从南到北梁野山、闽江源、武夷山3个国家级自然保护区中蕨类植物的生物多样性.结果表明,在武夷山脉由南到北,蕨类植物的热带性成分趋于递减,北温带分布及其变型、东亚分布及其变型递增.由物种数及丰富度指数DGl可以得出,武夷山自然保护区蕨类植物生物多样性容量最大.连通性方面,武夷山脉不同的保护区间物种水平的相似性不到55%,而从武夷山脉南段至中段、中段至北段,种的β多样性指数βL值都达到30%,这两点说明武夷山脉是蕨类植物的现代分化中心之一.通过考察Cody指数βC发现,中段的闽江源自然保护区是武夷山脉的重要节点.虽然流通率表明武夷山脉蕨类植物的连通性较强,但在物种水平上,更替值在南段到中段、中段到北段均超过30%,因此有必要进一步在保护区之间建立与建设供动植物物种迁移的生态廊道.由于保存了较多的蕨类植物模式标本种和局域种,在充分考虑物种权值的前提下,武夷山自然保护区的蕨类植物生物多样性质量指数值达764,因此其多样性质量最高.研究结果可以为保护区群网的建设提供理论依据

福建武夷山黄山松群落的氮、磷累积和循环

本文是福建武夷山森林生态系统研究的一部分，主要讨论黄山松（Pinustaiwanensis）群落的氮磷累积和循环。测定结果表明：（1）群落现存量中氮（N）、磷（P）的库量分别为925．844kghm-2和45．981kghm-2，其中地上部分别为719．438kghm-2（占总库量的77．706%）和35．534kghm-2占77.280％），地下部分别为206．406kghm-2（占22．294％）和10．447kghm-2（占22.720％）；（2）N、P的生物循环中，年吸收量分别为65．344kghm-2和2627kghm-2，年存留量分别为37．019kghm-2和1．695kghm-2，年归还量分别为28．325kghm-2和0.932kghm-2；（3）氮、磷的富集率分别为1．324和1．083两者均大于1，说明该群落对N、P仍在不断累积

福建武夷山甜槠群落能量的研究

在生物量、生产力研究基础上，对武夷山甜槠（Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓ ｅｙｒｅｉ（Ｃｈａｍ ｐ．ｅｘ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．） Ｔｕｔｃｈ．）群落各组分的热值、群落能量现存量、能量年净固定量以及太阳能转化效率进行了研究。结果表明：（１）甜槠群落各组分样品的干重热值具有一定的差异，树皮热值最高，细根热值最低。（２）甜槠群落的能量现存量达７８０５８４．１ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２，其中地上部分为６７８９１３．８ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２，占总量的８６．９８％ ；地下部分为１０１６７０．３ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２，占１３．０２％ 。（３）甜槠群落的能量年净固定量（１９９２年）为２６８５６．２ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２·ａ－ １，林地太阳光合有效辐射能的转化效率为１．２９６％