Microbiome, Infection and Inflammation in Infertility

The implantation mechanism and process are very complex and require a precise interaction between the embryo and endometrium. The failure to implant is thought to be due to implantation environment factors or embryonic factors

The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the major health problems and the second cause of cancer mortality in men over 40 years age in developed countries. Due to the incomplete screening methods for sensivity and spesificity detection prostate cancer, alternative methods with more specificity than are desired. With recent advances in molecular technology, numerous biomarkers have been suggested for the screening of prostate cancer with greater accuracy. MicroRNAs are oligonucleotides with 18-24 length that have key roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression as well as other cellular process (apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis). Many studies have demonstrated changing of the expression levels of microRNAs in prostate cancer patients. Therefore, they can be implemented for the development of prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. Owing to microRNAs can target molecular signaling pathways and genes involved in prostate cancer, they may also be applicable for therapeutic purposes. In this review article, we explain the roles of microRNAs in different cancer pathways and specifically the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Keywords: Prostate Cancer, MicroRNAs, Biomarker

The effect of music on stress and anxiety of dental patients

Objectives Dental anxiety often leads to avoidance of patients which may result in significant deterioration of oral health. Non‐pharmacological interventions such as music are increasingly used in dental care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of relaxing music on the stress and anxiety level of dental patients.Methods In this study, 40 adult patients were randomly divided into two groups of music and control (no intervention). Each group included 10 females and 10 males. Subjects in the music group listened to relaxation music throughout their dental procedure while the control group did not. Pre- and post-tests were performed using the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hari’s stress questionnaire in both groups.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups for baseline data. The mean age of patients in the music and control groups was 37.70±9.29 years and 39.05±5.36 years, respectively. Comparison of moderated means in the intervention and control groups showed that listening to relaxation music caused a reduction in the mean scores of STAI (x=7.746, SE=416, P<0.05) and stress (x=7.746, SE=2.103, P<0.01) in the intervention compared with the control group.Conclusion This study indicated that relaxing music can decrease the state anxiety and stress of dental patient

Antibacterial activity of the brown algae (Sargassum glaucescens) ethanolic and aqueous extracts from Chabahar coasts, Oman Sea, Iran

The widespread uses of antibiotics have been resulted in resistant strains of microorganisms and increasing of worldwide antibiotic resistance. Thus the investigations on new natural antibacterial agents as new drugs are important. According to the previous researches, some multicellular marine algae have significant antibacterial properties. In the present study, antibacterial effects of organic and aqueous extracts of Sargassum glaucescens (collected from Chabahar’s coast, Oman Sea, Iran) were tested on three strains of Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae and two strains of Gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Extractions were obtained by immersion method after 48 hours. Antibacterial effects were investigated by the disk diffusion method and serial dilutions in tube to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The ethanolic extract showed the largest impact on the L. monocytogenes with significant difference than that by the neomycin. Yet, the aqueous extract showed no effects. Ethanolic extract of algae had no effects on the Proteus vulgaris. The results of present study demonstrated that Ethanolic extract of S. glaucescens had reliable antibacterial effects against L. monocytogenes, Vibrio cholerae, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus