Keyphrase Generation: A Multi-Aspect Survey

Extractive keyphrase generation research has been around since the nineties, but the more advanced abstractive approach based on the encoder-decoder framework and sequence-to-sequence learning has been explored only recently. In fact, more than a dozen of abstractive methods have been proposed in the last three years, producing meaningful keyphrases and achieving state-of-the-art scores. In this survey, we examine various aspects of the extractive keyphrase generation methods and focus mostly on the more recent abstractive methods that are based on neural networks. We pay particular attention to the mechanisms that have driven the perfection of the later. A huge collection of scientific article metadata and the corresponding keyphrases is created and released for the research community. We also present various keyphrase generation and text summarization research patterns and trends of the last two decades.Comment: 10 pages, 5 tables. Published in proceedings of FRUCT 2019, the 25th Conference of the Open Innovations Association FRUCT, Helsinki, Finlan

Effects of pruning intensity on vitality of Pinus eldarica ‎plantation at west Tehran

This research was carried out in Chitgar Forest Park, located in west of Tehran with an area of 1450 hectars. For determining the effects of pruning on vitality of Pinus eldarica  Medw. under water stress, pruning trial was done under Completely Randomized Block design with four Treatments (sever, moderate, light, control) and four replicates. The Replicates were selected on four sites with different ecological conditions and maintenance managements. The definition of the prunning treatments were as follows: 1- Severe: All of the branches were prunned from crown bottom up to two meters. 2-Moderate: All of the branches were prunned from crown bottom up to one meter. 3-Light: Only the dried, infected and less than two cm diameter branches were prunned. 4-Control: Without pruning , except the dried branches at the low level of the crown. Inventory has been done at two times, before prunning and one year after prunning. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. The results show that prunning the effects of the treatments and the replicates on trees vitality were significant at 0.05 level. The sever prunning had the greatest effect on vitality when water stress was very high and soil productivity was very low. Light prunning had the most effect on vitality in fertile sites with regular irrigation, but the moderate prunning had the most effect on pine vitality in seme-fertile site  under moderate water stress

Effects of rain storage method and irrigation interval on growth and primary establishment of Prosopis cineraria and Ziziphus spina-christi at south of Baluchestan

In order to determine the most suitable water storage method and irrigation interval level on growth and primary establishment of Prosopis cineraria and Ziziphus spina-christi, a trial was conducted under split plots experimental design based on randomized complete blocks, with four replications at Dashtyari territory of Chabahar township (south of Sistan and Baluchestan province of I.R. Iran) for five year period to support reforestation projects. The main factor was water storage method at two levels (turkey nest and terrestrial dam) and the sub factor was irrigation interval with three levels (10, 20 and 30 days). The terrestrial dam and irrigation interval treatments were chosen as control due to local conventional conditions. Results showed that the 10 day irrigation interval was the most suitable treatment for the species establishment and it increased the seedlings survival, growth and establishment significantly. Survival and establishment of P. cineraria was significantly greater than Z. spina christii. Effects of turkey nest and terrestrial dam on survival and species characteristics were often not significant, whereas effects of terrestrial dam on the species vegetative characteristics and establishment were greater than the other treatment

Investigation on some autecology characteristics of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori in south of Iran

Moringa peregrina is a tree or shrub componend sub-tropical vegetation and extending from Dead sea and is scattered in Red sea and spread throughout northern Somalia and around the Arabian Peninsula to mouth of the Persian Gulf, Oman, UAE, Iran, Pakistan. In Iran it is limited to Hormozgan and Sistan&Balochestan provinces within Bashagard area to Pakistan and Iran boundary 100 to 1500 m. above sea level on mountain and foothills regions. The habitate of Moringa peregrina is locatated  in Sahara- Sindian climatic region with hot summer, moderate winter and no frozen period, Mean annual rainfall 180-200 mm, Mean annual temperature 27ºC, Mean annual evapo-transpiration 3448 mm. Moringa often  occupy Makran geological ranges, tertiary geology structural unit and  Angohran, Roksha, Dar pahn and Guredak complexes. Stands parent material conclude sandstone, shale and mudstone. some time conglomera, limstome, volcanic and  metamorphic  stones present in bed rock. The results of soil analysis showed the soil texture in most stands is sandy- loam but in some stands are sandy-clay-loam, acidity is 7.98 and  electric conductivity 1.78 des/m and no salt. M. peregrina is a evergreen plant and its growth therm is started in autumn when proper temperature and enough rainfall are occured، leaf buds begin to sprout and primary leave appear. These leaves are short-lived and start to fall in May when temperature go warm. White and pink flowers appear in February and March. Pod-like and green fruit appear on young branches in April and May. Fruit ripening start simultaneously maturity dates in July and seed are starting to drop in August. Rainfall during the Flowering time is induced the flowers are not inoculated and other phonological phases are affected. Dependence between Moringa and geological formation caused habitates are discontinuous mode. Individual distribution pattern in stands level is random pattern. Mean of density was  about 29 trees in hectar, d.bs. 29.6 centimeter, height  was 3.16 meter and canopy cover 3.5%  which  are different in stands. Most trees are middle-aged to older and due to aging and environmental stresses as well as frosting periodic , most of Moringa is reformed to shrub and coppice typ

‍Comparison of different methods of moisture conservation in dryland cropping of Moringa peregerina

Long drought periods during plant growth are result in critical problems in establishment and restoration of plantations in Sahara - Sindian region of Iran. Application of water catchment and storage systems help to reduce drought stress and improve soil physical and chemical properties. To investigate the effect of moisture conservation methods on Moringa peregerina plantations, a 4-year study was designed from 2008 in an area in the vicinity of Rask town at Sarbaz river. The study was conducted using split plots design in three replications with the main plots comprising  of seed and pot seedling and the subplots being treated with five moisture conservation methods (straw and dried residual at the bottom of planting dig, tourkinest, plastic film, polymer materials mixed with soil and ditch). The pot seedling treatment resulted in less mortality than the seed treatment. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed amongst the applied moisture conservation methods (

The effects of wastewater irrigation on vegetative performance of various woody species under arid condition (Case study: Yazd city)

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the establishment and adaptability of woody species under wastewater irrigation condition in arid climate. This experiment carried out in Yazd city wastewater treatment station with 11 tree species under randomized complete block design with three replications. The species included Eucalyptus camaldulensis E. microtheca, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Tamarix aphylla, Melia azedarach, Pinus eldarica, Populus euphratica, P. alba × P. euphratica, Morus alba, Cupresus simperverence and Ailanthus altissima. In each plot, trees were planted with 48 seedlings for each species. Immediately after planting, the seedlings were irrigated with wastewater for 15 days, followed by further irrigations in 20-30 days intervals after the establishment. After 4 years, the effects of wastewater on establishment and growth, including survival percentage, height growth, the average diameter of the crown, crown volume, collar diameter and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured. The results showed that the P. eldarica had highest rates of deployment with 100% of establishment. However, no significant differences were observed with other species including M. azedarach, E. camaldulensis and, E. microtheca. For all growth indicators and yield traits, the T. aphylla tree showed better performance, although it did not significantly differ with many others species. The results of this study showed that woody species such as E. camaldulensis, E. microtheca, M. azedarach, E. angustifolia, P. euphratica and P. eldarica can be irrigated with wastewater under arid condition due to their better establishment, growth and slenderness coefficient compared to other species