Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes: a hybrid method

Background: In Mexico the gestational diabetes prevalence varies between 4 and 13%. The main purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes, the relevance of its risk factors, and its repercussions in pregnancy with a hybrid diagnostic method. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal, and observational study includes 347 pregnant women. Screening for gestational diabetes was performed with the O’Sullivan test, with a cut-off point of 140 mg/dL of glucose, followed by a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test in patients with an abnormal screening test. The diagnosis was made with one or more abnormal results. Different variables were evaluated in these patients; from risk factors, to complications of gestational diabetes. Results: Of the 347 patients studied, 77 (22.2%) had a positive screen and 34 patients were confirmed with gestational diabetes (9.8%). A body mass index greater than or equal to 25 increased the relative risk by 2.52, the history of macrosomia by 4.10, a maternal age greater than or equal to 36 years by 2.54, and the presence of a twin pregnancy by 6.94. Regarding complications, there was an increase in prevalence of macrosomia (RR=4.09). Conclusions: The prevalence of gestational diabetes, using the combination of the two existing classical methods, is similar to that reported in other national and international studies, while also avoiding overdiagnosis, over-monitoring, and reducing typical discomforts that may come by using the one-step method

Arthropod Fauna Associated with Wild and Cultivated Cranberries in Wisconsin

The cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is an evergreen, trailing shrub native to North American peatlands. It is cultivated commercially in the US and Canada, with major production centers in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Washington, Québec, and British Columbia. Despite the agricultural importance of cranberry in Wisconsin, relatively little is known of its arthropod associates, particularly the arachnid fauna. Here we report preliminary data on the insect and spider communities associated with wild and cultivated cranberries in Wisconsin. We then compare the insect and spider communities of wild cranberry systems to those of cultivated cranberries, indexed by region. Approximately 7,400 arthropods were curated and identified, spanning more than 100 families, across 11 orders. The vast majority of specimens and diversity derived from wild ecosystems. In both the wild and cultivated systems, the greatest numbers of families were found among the Diptera (midges, flies) and Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps), but numerically, the Hymenoptera and Araneae (spiders) were dominant. Within the spider fauna, 18 new county records, as well as a new Wisconsin state record (Linyphiidae: Ceratinopsis laticeps (Em.)), were documented. While more extensive sampling will be needed to better resolve arthropod biodiversity in North American cranberry systems, our findings represent baseline data on the breadth of arthropod diversity in the Upper Midwest, USA

Toward integrated conservation of North America's crop wild relatives

North America harbors a rich native flora of crop wild relatives—the progenitors and closely related species of domesticated plants—as well as a range of culturally significant wild utilized plants. Despite their current and potential future value, they are rarely prioritized for conservation efforts; thus many species are threatened in their natural habitats, and most are underrepresented in plant genebanks and botanical gardens. Further coordination of efforts among land management, botanical, and agricultural science organizations will improve conservation and general public awareness with regard to these species. We present examples of productive collaborations focused on wild cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon and Vaccinium oxycoccos) and chile peppers (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum). We then discuss five shared priorities for further action: (1) understand and document North America's crop wild relatives and wild utilized plants, (2) protect threatened species in their natural habitats, (3) collect and conserve ex situ the diversity of prioritized species, (4) make this diversity accessible and attractive for plant breeding, research, and education, and (5) raise public awareness of their value and the threats to their persistence

Undifferentiated uterine sarcoma: case report

Undifferentiated uterine sarcoma is a rare condition characterized by abnormal bleeding and pelvic pain, which may overlap with the clinical picture of uterine myomatosis. Its presentation is usually chronic and drastically affects the stage at the time of diagnosis. Since it is usually seen in postmenopausal patients, undifferentiated uterine sarcoma presentation in premenopausal patients is rare. We herein report a rare presentation of undifferentiated uterine sarcoma in a 58-year-old Mexican woman, who suffered from progressive pelvic pain for 3 months as well as a 5-day course of postmenopausal bleeding. Study images revealed a pedunculated uterine-mass suggestive of sarcomatous degeneration, accompanied by a left internal iliac necrotic adenopathy, as well as scarce pelvic free fluid. The patient underwent a pelvic tumor and implants resection, total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy and appendectomy via laparotomy. Despite the therapeutic options for the management of undifferentiated uterine sarcomas described in literature, its survival rate varies between 21% to 68%, when diagnosed on time and depending on if the cancer is localized, regional or distant

Mastofauna del área de protección de flora y fauna La Primavera, Jalisco, México

El Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna La Primavera (APFFLP) se localiza en el occidente de México en el estado de Jalisco, es una de las 19 áreas protegidas decretadas en la entidad. Esta área es de gran interés al ubicarse en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Guadalajara y en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana. Sin embargo, ha recibido poca atención y a la fecha no existe un inventario completo de su mastofauna. El objetivo de este trabajo es listar las especies de mamíferos presentes en el APFFLP, y evaluar su relevancia con relación a otras áreas naturales protegidas en la entidad y del país, y su riqueza dentro de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en dos periodos, diciembre 2004-diciembre 2006 y octubre 2010-diciembre 2012. En el primero se usaron diversas técnicas como capturas y registros visuales de los mamíferos, excepto murciélagos; en el segundo se usaron redes de niebla para la recolecta de la quiropterofauna. Se registraron 59 especies, las cuales quedan comprendidas en ocho órdenes, 19 familias y 48 géneros. El orden Chiroptera fue el más abundante (27), seguido de Rodentia (14) y Carnivora (11). En relación con su distribución geográfica actual, 23 especies se consideraron de amplia distribución, 17 compartidas con Norteamérica, 10 endémicas a México y Mesoamérica y nueve compartidas con América del Sur. De acuerdo con la legislación mexicana, se registran tres especies amenazadas (Cratogeomys fumosus, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae y Choeronycteris mexicana). En conclusión, resalta su importancia por albergar más especies y endemismos que otras áreas consideradas relevantes en el país, además de ser un área importante de riqueza de mamíferos en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana

Resiliencia en mujeres morelianas separadas por violencia conyugal

This investigation tries to comprehend the aspects that influenced in violence situation women behind the separation from her abuser and know the resilient factors which help to cope the separation. It was used a qualitative approach, through the phenomenological method. The technics that we used were the observation, semi structured interview and a human development workshop. There were involved seven women with an average age of 45 years, from Morelia Michoacan. The factors which influenced to finish the relationship: infidelity and physical violence. The resilients factors are: support networks, children, psychological support, perseverance, spirituality and responsibility. It was concluded that these women are resilient to face theirfears,family and social beliefs.La violencia contra las mujeres se ha venido manifestando de distintas maneras y en diferentes contextos, de ahí el interés de comprender los aspectos que influyeron en mujeres en situación de violencia a separarse de su agresor y conocer los factores resilientes que las ayudaron a afrontar la separación. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, mediante el método fenomenológico. Las técnicas empleadas fueron: observación participante, entrevista semiestructurada y un taller de desarrollo humano. Participaron siete mujeres Morelianas de 45 años de edad promedio. Los factores resilientes encontrados son: redes de apoyo, hijos, apoyo psicológico, perseverancia, espiritualidad y responsabilidad. Se concluye que estas mujeresson resilientes por enfrentarse a sus miedos, creenciasfamiliares y sociales

Arthropod Fauna Associated with Wild and Cultivated Cranberries in Wisconsin

The cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is an evergreen, trailing shrub native to North American peatlands. It is cultivated commercially in the US and Canada, with major production centers in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Washington, Québec, and British Columbia. Despite the agricultural importance of cranberry in Wisconsin, relatively little is known of its arthropod associates, particularly the arachnid fauna. Here we report preliminary data on the insect and spider communities associated with wild and cultivated cranberries in Wisconsin. We then compare the insect and spider communities of wild cranberry systems to those of cultivated cranberries, indexed by region. Approximately 7,400 arthropods were curated and identified, spanning more than 100 families, across 11 orders. The vast majority of specimens and diversity derived from wild ecosystems. In both the wild and cultivated systems, the greatest numbers of families were found among the Diptera (midges, flies) and Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps), but numerically, the Hymenoptera and Araneae (spiders) were dominant. Within the spider fauna, 18 new county records, as well as a new Wisconsin state record (Linyphiidae: Ceratinopsis laticeps (Em.)), were documented. While more extensive sampling will be needed to better resolve arthropod biodiversity in North American cranberry systems, our findings represent baseline data on the breadth of arthropod diversity in the Upper Midwest, USA

Diet of the neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the Santiago River basin, Mexico

The diet of the neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis is reported in the Santiago River, Nayarit - Jalisco, Mexico. A diet based on fish was found (percentage of occurrence 43.86%), with lower frequencies of insects (22.81%), reptiles (9.36%) and amphibians (8.77%), with the introduced fish Oreochromis aureus and Cyprinus carpio, the most consumed.Se reporta la dieta de la nutria neotropical Lontra longicaudis en el Río Santiago, Nayarit/Jalisco, México. Se encontró una dieta basada en peces (porcentaje de ocurrencia 43.86%), con frecuencias menores de insectos (22.81%), reptiles (9.36%) y anfibios (8.77%), siendo los peces introducidos Oreochromis aureus y Cyprinus carpio, las especies más consumidas