376 research outputs found
Test of the He-McKellar-Wilkens topological phase by atom interferometry. Part I: theoretical discussion
We have recently tested the topological phase predicted by He and McKellar
and by Wilkens: this phase appears when an electric dipole propagates in a
transverse magnetic field. In the present paper, we first recall the physical
origin of this phase and its relations to the Aharononov-Bohm and
Aharonov-Casher phases. We then explain possible detection schemes and we
briefly describe the lithium atom interferometer we have used for this purpose.
Finally, we analyze in great detail the phase shifts induced by electric and
magnetic fields acting on such an interferometer, taking into account
experimental defects. The experiment and its results are described in a
companion paper
Optical pumping of a lithium atomic beam for atom interferometry
We apply optical pumping to prepare the lithium beam of our atom
interferometer in a single hyperfine-Zeeman sublevel: we use two components of
the D1-line for pumping the 7Li atoms in a dark state F,mF=+2 (or -2) sublevel.
The optical pumping efficiency has been characterized by two techniques:
state-selective laser atom deflection or magnetic dephasing of the atom
interferometer signals. The first technique has not achieved a high
sensitivity, because of a limited signal to noise ratio, but magnetic dephasing
signals have shown that about 95% of the population has been transferred in the
aimed sublevel, with similar results for three mean velocities of the atomic
beam covering the range 744-1520m/s
Vibration induced phase noise in Mach-Zehnder atom interferometers
The high inertial sensitivity of atom interferometers has been used to build
accelerometers and gyrometers but this sensitivity makes these interferometers
very sensitive to the laboratory seismic noise. This seismic noise induces a
phase noise which is large enough to reduce the fringe visibility in many
cases. We develop here a model calculation of this phase noise in the case of
Mach-Zehnder atom interferometers and we apply this model to our thermal
lithium interferometer. We are thus able to explain the observed dependence of
the fringe visibility with the diffraction order. The dynamical model developed
in the present paper should be very useful to further reduce this phase noise
in atom interferometers and this reduction should open the way to improved
interferometers
Test of the He-McKellar-Wilkens topological phase by atom interferometry. Part II: the experiment and its results
In this paper, we describe an experimental test of the He-McKellar-Wilkens
(HMW) topological phase with our lithium atom interferometer. The expected
value of the HMW phase shift in our experiment is small and its measurement was
difficult because of stray phase shifts due to small experimental defects. We
start by describing our setup and we characterize the effects of the electric
and magnetic fields needed to observe the HMW effect. Then, we develop a model
of our interferometer signals including all the defects we have identified.
After various tests of this model, we use it to suppress the largest part of
the stray phase shifts. We thus obtain a series of measurements of the HMW
phase: the results are 31% larger than expected and this discrepancy is
probably due to some limitations of our model
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