Stellar population synthesis models between 2.5 and 5 {\mu}m based on the empirical IRTF stellar library

We present the first single-burst stellar population models in the infrared wavelength range between 2.5 and 5 {\mu}m which are exclusively based on empirical stellar spectra. Our models take as input 180 spectra from the stellar IRTF (Infrared Telescope Facility) library. Our final single-burst stellar population models are calculated based on two different sets of isochrones and various types of initial mass functions of different slopes, ages larger than 1 Gyr and metallicities between [Fe/H] = -0.70 and 0.26. They are made available online to the scientific community on the MILES web page. We analyse the behaviour of the Spitzer [3.6]-[4.5] colour calculated from our single stellar population models and find only slight dependences on both metallicity and age. When comparing to the colours of observed early-type galaxies, we find a good agreement for older, more massive galaxies that resemble a single-burst population. Younger, less massive and more metal-poor galaxies show redder colours with respect to our models. This mismatch can be explained by a more extended star formation history of these galaxies which includes a metal-poor or/and young population. Moreover, the colours derived from our models agree very well with most other models available in this wavelength range. We confirm that the mass-to-light ratio determined in the Spitzer [3.6] {\mu}m band changes much less as a function of both age and metallicity than in the optical bands.Comment: 25 pages, 19 figures, published in MNRAS, models can be downloaded from http://miles.iac.e

Equity Style Cycles - Stylized Facts and International Evidence

The main objective of the paper is to analyze the cyclical structure of style indices and of selected economic time series. After comparing similarities we examine the relationship between the economic indica- tors with the style indices to observe interactions and lead-lag struc- tures. Our method of choice is spectral analysis, which provides richer measures than the ones obtained by looking at correlation coecients in the time domain. Our results indicate that there is indeed cyclical structure in the style indices, dominated by cycles similar to the short Kitchin cycle (3-5 years). These cycles are related to economic indicators like in- dustrial production, price indices and interest rates. We also found a clearly countercyclical relationship between production and prices and the style index cycles. These stylized facts can be used to set the frame for style selection and style rotation based on economic conditions.

MILES extended: Stellar population synthesis models from the optical to the infrared

We present the first single-burst stellar population models which covers the optical and the infrared wavelength range between 3500 and 50000 Angstrom and which are exclusively based on empirical stellar spectra. To obtain these joint models, we combined the extended MILES models in the optical with our new infrared models that are based on the IRTF (Infrared Telescope Facility) library. The latter are available only for a limited range in terms of both age and metallicity. Our combined single-burst stellar population models were calculated for ages larger than 1 Gyr, for metallicities between [Fe/H] = -0.40 and 0.26, for initial mass functions of various types and slopes, and on the basis of two different sets of isochrones. They are available to the scientific community on the MILES web page. We checked the internal consistency of our models and compared their colour predictions to those of other models that are available in the literature. Optical and near infrared colours that are measured from our models are found to reproduce the colours well that were observed for various samples of early-type galaxies. Our models will enable a detailed analysis of the stellar populations of observed galaxies.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, published in A&

SLiCE: An Open Data Model for Scalable High-Definition Life Cycle Engineering, Hotspot Analysis and Dynamic Assessment of Buildings.

Abstract Building construction and operation are responsible for around 40% of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. To identify emissions reduction and removal potentials as well as wider environmental impacts, researchers, policy, and decision makers need comprehensive life cycle sustainability assessment insights on individual buildings and building stocks at large. This article proposes a data model for scalable, high-definition life cycle analysis of building – the SLiCE data model – as a promising solution to overcome the limitations identified for existing models. The article conceptualizes the problem within the Space-Time-Indicator Nexus; presents the proposed SLiCE data structure; and showcases practical uses of SLiCE data for environmental hotspot analysis as well as for dynamic assessment of climate impacts. The open SLiCE data model and SLiCE hotspot analysis tool are henceforth available for implementation within life cycle assessment of building and building stocks, enabling comprehensive insights on buildings’ environmental impacts across spatiotemporal scales. Software and data availability The SLiCE building data model as well as the presented implementation in the SLiCE hotspot analysis prototype are open source and available with this article. The SLiCE hotspot analysis, implemented as an IPython Jupyer Notebook with interactive widgets, tool is available on Github (https://github.com/mroeck/slice_hotspots/), with the submission pre-release published via Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/645859866). All items are published under a GNU General Public License v3.0. We encourage you to review, reuse, and refine the model and scripts and share-alike. Preprint (not peer-reviewed) Röck M, Passer A, Allacker K. “SLiCE: An Open Data Model for Scalable High-Definition Life Cycle Engineering, Hotspot Analysis and Dynamic Assessment of Buildings.” 2023, Preprint DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.836924

Interferometric thermometry of a single sub-Doppler cooled atom

Efficient self-interference of single-photons emitted by a sideband-cooled Barium ion is demonstrated. First, the technical tools for performing efficient coupling to the quadrupolar transition of a single $^{138}$Ba$^{+}$ ion are presented. We show efficient Rabi oscillations of the internal state of the ion using a highly stabilized 1.76 $\mu m$ fiber laser resonant with the S$_{1/2}$-D$_{5/2}$ transition. We then show sideband cooling of the ion's motional modes and use it as a means to enhance the interference contrast of the ion with its mirror-image to up to 90%. Last, we measure the dependence of the self-interference contrast on the mean phonon number, thereby demonstrating the potential of the set-up for single-atom thermometry close to the motional ground state.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Effect of different types and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on yield and quality characteristics of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing) cultivated on wheat straw compost

The most important prerequisite for a successful mushroom production is a high-quality compost substrate.F or the present study wheat straw was used as bulk ingredient for the compost substrate preparation. In order to improve the C/N ratio and to accelerate the composting process, all substrate formulas need the addition of nitrogen-rich supplements at the outset of composting. Besides organic nitrogen sources, inorganic nitrogen supplements are also applied, when high-carbohydrate bulk ingredients are used. In the present work four different nitrogen fertilizers (urea (46 % N), ammonium nitrate (33.5 % N), calcium ammonium nitrate (26 % N) and ammonium sulfate (21 % N)) in three doses were applied as nitrogen sources and the effect on yield and some quality characteristics (cap weight, stalk weight, cap diameter, stalk diameter and stalk length) was investigated. The fertilizer application had only an unimportant effect on the cape diameter, which is an important characteristic for the classification of mushrooms, but had a stronger effect on the stalk length, which is also important for the classification. The highest dose of calcium ammonium nitrate produced the significant highest yield at the same time this variant also resulted in good results regarding the investigated quality characteristics

The puzzling interpretation of NIR indices: The case of NaI2.21

We present a detailed study of the Na I line strength index centered in the $K$-band at $22100$, {\AA} (NaI2.21 hereafter) relying on different samples of early-type galaxies. Consistent with previous studies, we find that the observed line strength indices cannot be fit by state-of-art scaled-solar stellar population models, even using our newly developed models in the NIR. The models clearly underestimate the large NaI2.21 values measured for most early-type galaxies. However, we develop a Na-enhanced version of our newly developed models in the NIR, which - together with the effect of a bottom-heavy initial mass function - yield NaI2.21 indices in the range of the observations. Therefore, we suggest a scenario in which the combined effect of [Na/Fe] enhancement and a bottom-heavy initial mass function are mainly responsible for the large NaI2.21 indices observed for most early-type galaxies. To a smaller extent, also [C/Fe] enhancement might contribute to the large observed NaI2.21 values.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA