Genetic Divergence of Turkish Apis mellifera Subspecies Based on Sequencing of ND5 Mitochondrial Segment

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation can be used to infer honey bee evolutionary relationships. In this study, DNA sequence diversity in the ND5 region of the mitochondrial genome was investigated in 93 samples of Apis mellifera from 15 different populations in Turkey. Five novel haplotypes were revealed for the ND5 gene segment of Turkish honeybees. The number of variable sites found was 6 for this region while 2 were parsimony informative sites. The average pairwise genetic distances were 0.3% for ND5 gene. In this study, the NJ tree of ND5 gene segment were constructed with the published sequences of Apis mellifera haplotypes. This study expands the knowledge about the mitochondrial ND5 region in Apis mellifera and it is also the first comprehensive sequencing analysis of ND5 region in Turkish honeybees

Le rôle de la diaspora dans la naissance du cinéma kurde

Les conflits identitaires autour de la question kurde, à leur apogée dans les années 1990-2000, ont eu pour conséquence de faire du nationalisme le principal sujet des réalisateurs kurdes. L’attribution de ce rôle propagandiste à l’art cinématographique signifie sa mise au service de la lutte politique, dont le but principal est de créer une identité nationale kurde pour un peuple divisé depuis plus d’un siècle entre quatre États (la Turquie, l’Iran, l’Irak et la Syrie). Cet imaginaire d’une..

Le rôle de la diaspora dans la naissance du cinéma kurde

Les conflits identitaires autour de la question kurde, à leur apogée dans les années 1990-2000, ont eu pour conséquence de faire du nationalisme le principal sujet des réalisateurs kurdes. L’attribution de ce rôle propagandiste à l’art cinématographique signifie sa mise au service de la lutte politique, dont le but principal est de créer une identité nationale kurde pour un peuple divisé depuis plus d’un siècle entre quatre États (la Turquie, l’Iran, l’Irak et la Syrie). Cet imaginaire d’une..

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What We Learn from Omics Studies

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases with 10–30% prevalence in western countries. The severity of NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the wide range of clinical staging of the disease prevents the clear understanding of its pathogenesis. Recently, high-throughput genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies focus on enlightening the complex mechanisms responsible for NAFLD and NASH development. All together these Omics studies, in different cohorts once again, proved that NAFLD and NASH are linked with many complex mechanisms such as accumulation and traffic of various lipids in the liver and activation of inflammation responses. Moreover, some of these studies may have identified potential biomarkers and candidate risky or protective alleles that can be a valuable tool for the assessment of susceptibility and histological severity of NAFLD. Nonetheless, confirmation of these potential biomarkers and candidate genes by multiple Omics tools is required for their clinical application in the diagnosis and treatment of NASH and NAFLD

The Diagnostic Value of Endoscopic Balloon Catheter Usage for Detecting Early-Stage Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Case Report

A 34-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with abdominal pain, jaundice and pruritus. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed for cholestasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was judged as normal, after a standard ERCP cannula was used for the cholangiogram. However, marked canalicular irregularities were identified in cholangiography when pressurized contrast agent was administrated via balloon catheter. This cholangiographic view was thought to reveal an early-stage alteration of sclerosing cholangitis. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by destruction and fibrosis of the bile ducts. The diagnosis of PSC is based on typical cholangiographic findings, supported by nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms, cholestatic liver biochemical tests, and liver biopsy. Cholangiography is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of PSC. The diagnosis is easy when diffuse multifocal biliary strictures, the hallmarks of the disease, resulting in a ‘beaded’ appearance on ERCP is detected. However, it may reveal a normal image in an early stage of the disease when bile duct changings are not prominent. We think that balloon catheter ERCP appears to facilitate the diagnosis of early-stage primary sclerosing cholangitis

A Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Different Anatomical Regions Plate osteosynthesis in Cats with Body of Ilium Fractures

Pelvis fractures in cats are one of the most common orthopedic problems that cause serious injuries. Pelvic fractures are between 20-32% out of all fractures in cats. Os Ilium fractures constitute 18-46% of pelvic fractures. In the presented study, the post-operative clinical and radiological results of placing the plate on the dorsal, ventral and lateral of the corpus ossis ilii in cats with os ilium fractures were evaluated.Twenty three cats (different races, ages and sex) with corpus ossis ilium and multiple fractures (sacro-iliac joint luxation, acetabulum fractures, os ischium fractures) were used as a materials. Anamnesis, clinical and neurological examinations of patients were taken and 3 groups were formed for this study. Group 1; In 7 cases, the plate was placed in the dorsal of the body of ilium, in group 2, 7 cases in the lateral of body of ilium and in Group 3; in 6 cases, in the ventral of the body of ilium. Operations were performed under general anesthesia. LC-DCP plate or reconstruction plates were used for fixation. There was no narrowing in the pelvic canal and no screw loosening in cases applied dorsally and ventrally. In 6 (85.7%) of 7 cases, there was no narrowing in the pelvic canal in lateral application. Only one case had problem. Recovery rate (85.7%) in all cases.In conclusion, in cases of os ilium fracture in cats, no difference was observed between the clinical and radiological (narrowing in the pelvic canal) results of placing LC-DCP or reconstruction plates on the dorsal, lateral and ventral of the bone in the post-operative period. Thus, screw loosening did not occur. But, case selection is important in the lateral, dorsal or ventral application of the plate in os ilium fractures. If the surgical intervention has passed 5-6 days, double plate application provides a better prognosis. Dorsale plate application provides ease of manipulation when compared to ventral application. Also, if the fracture line close to the acetabulum, lateral application should be preferred

Can Proteomic Profiling Identify Biomarkers and/or Therapeutic Targets for Liver Fibrosis?

Liver fibrosis is a serious disease that affects around 350–400 million people worldwide. The main approach for fibrosis staging is liver biopsy, which is an invasive procedure that is not endured pretty well by patients. Currently, some serum-based biomarker panels are available for diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis. Recent high-throughput proteomic studies are also very promising for identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosis and/or treatment of liver fibrosis. We hereby review the application of proteomic profiling studies for identification of fibrosis biomarkers with their advantages and drawbacks

Assessing the economic revitalization impact of urban design improvements: the Texas Main Street Program

The relationship between urban design and economic activity is seldom studied through empirical studies with a large number of cases due, in part, to the implicit and intangible nature of design. This study was intended to understand, analyze, and evaluate the complex relationship between the design and the economic revitalization of downtown districts with reference to the 78 active Texas Main Street Program districts. First, the design, promotion, organization, and economic restructuring components of the Main Street Program's comprehensive four-point approach were investigated. Next, the economic changes that occurred within those districts were analyzed from 1997-2001. Finally, employment, the number of jobs, the number of business establishments, the number of sales tax permits, the retail sales volume, and the commercial property values were compared for the same time period among three categories of cities: those active in the Main Street Program, those formerly active but now inactive, and those who have not participated. Findings revealed that several positive changes occurred in design, promotion, organization, and economic restructuring components of the four-point approach within the active Texas Main Street districts. It appears that these changes produced several positive outcomes for the physical, social, and economical environment of the active Main Street districts. Moreover, the findings suggests that these changes in the Main Street districts resulted in an increased economic activity, not only within the Main Street district by generating jobs, or producing private and/or public investment, but also across the Main Street city by creating community wide economic activity in most of the variables that were under investigation. The results indicate that the Texas Main Street Program, part of which is urban design oriented, is having a positive effect on economic activity within the active Main Street districts

Dual (type IV) left anterior descending artery

Congenital coronary artery anomalies are uncommon. Dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is defined as the presence of two LADs within the anterior interventricular sulcus (AIVS), and is classified into four types. Type IV is a rarely reported subtype and differs from the others, with a long LAD originating from the right coronary artery (RCA). Dual LAD is a benign coronary artery anomaly, but should be recognised especially before interventional procedures. With the increasing use of multidedector computed tomography (MDCT), it is essential for radiologists to be aware of this entity and the cross-sectional findings