97 research outputs found
Distribution of macrophages in the human fallopian tubes: an immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study
The fallopian tubes are essential for the normal transport of gametes, fertilisation
and early embryonic development and transport. Their locomotive force is
mainly due to the contractility of the smooth muscle cells, as well as to the
ciliary activity of the tubal epithelium. Steroid hormones such as oestradiol and
progesterone mediate changes in tubal morphology, in particular the tubal
epithelium. It is well known that macrophages participate in the immune system,
but recent studies have shown that they also play other roles under physiological
conditions. They are known to be a source of prostaglandins of the
E series, which influence the contractility of the uterine tube. Lymphocytes in
the tubal mucosa can be involved in the process of immune tolerance, which
could enable sperms and blastocysts to be transported through the oviduct
under normal conditions without the activation of local immune mechanisms.
Most of the evidence for mucosal immune responses in the female reproductive
tract is related to the vagina, with less information available for the uterus. The
less known segment in this regard is the oviduct, which prompted us to review
and summarise the current state of knowledge of the immune system at the
level of the human oviduct. The present study was therefore undertaken to
examine the distribution and morphological properties of macrophages in the
endosalpingeal stroma and smooth muscle layer of the human fallopian tubes.
Thirty fresh fallopian tubes were examined, taken at the proliferative (7 cases)
and secretory (12 cases) phases of the menstrual cycle, and during the postmenopausal
period (11 cases). Sections were stained by immunocytochemistry
with a primary antibody (CD 68) and were used for counting the macrophages.
Ultrathin sections were stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate and studied
by means of electron microscopy to asses the ultrastructure of the macrophages.
A significant difference was observed between reproductive and postmenopausal
women in the number of macrophages (p < 0.05). This study may help
to clarify the possible role of macrophages of the uterine tubes in some cases of
infertility in females. (Folia Morphol 2008; 67: 43-52
Gaspard de la nuit et l'univers fictionnel de la culture égyptienne
Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal
Morphometric and immunohistochemical study of angiogenic marker expressions in invasive ductal carcinomas of the human breast
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Results
from experimental studies suggest that tumour progression and metastasis in
breast cancer are angiogenesis dependant. The College of American Pathologists
has stated that further study of quantification of tumour angiogenesis is
still required to demonstrate its prognostic value in breast cancer.
In this study, not only the microvascular density (MVD), but also the vascular area
ratio (VAR), and the vascular count in different grades of invasive ductal breast
carcinoma were assessed using a pan-endothelial marker, CD34, and monoclonal
antibody to CD105, by employing computer assisted morphometric measurements.
In addition, quantitative expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
was detected. Correlation of the vascular parameters and VEGF expression with
the different grades of invasive ductal breast carcinoma was clarified.
Immunohistochemical staining for the CD105, CD34, and VEGF antibodies were
performed in 25 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma in King Fahd Hospital,
Saudi Arabia. Normal breast tissue samples comprised 15 specimens detected
at the safety margin of the malignant breast cases were collected.
Positive CD34 stained blood-vessel endothelial cells were observed in all normal
breast tissues. In contrast, CD105 and VEGF expression were not expressed
in the normal breast ducts and lobules. Widespread staining for CD34, to
a lesser extent CD105, and VEGF expression were seen in all tumour specimens
with different grades. Significant differences in the vascular parameters, stained
with antiCD34, were observed between normal breast tissues and invasive ductal
carcinoma. In addition, the vascular parameters stained with antiCD34 and
antiCD105, and the percentage of VEGF expression in the three grades of invasive
ductal carcinomas showed significant differences with positive correlations.
In conclusion, MVD as well as VAR are considered to reflect the final result of
the tumour angiogenesis cascade. In addition, VEGF expression was found to
be a useful angiogenic marker. However, few cases were VEGF negatively
stained. Thus, the expression of MVD, VAR, and to a lesser extent VEGF might
be reference predictors for the biological behaviour and prognosis of breast
carcinoma
STUDY CORRELATING NIOBIUM SURFACE ROUGHNESS WITH SURFACE PARTICLE COUNTS
Abstract A study has been initiated at Michigan State University (MSU) to relate the surface preparation of Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) resonators and surface particle counts, using niobium samples. During fabrication, undesired surface roughness can develop on the internal surfaces of the resonators. The final cavity finish will be product of material forming, machining, welding, chemistry, high-pressure rinsing, and handling of the niobium material. This study will document niobium samples treated with MSU standard processing procedures; first measuring the surface roughness, then polishing samples with defined techniques, processing, and measuring surface particle counts. The samples will include as received niobium, machined surfaces, welded surfaces, and surfaces with characterized surface imperfections (scratches)
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