Dielectric responses of the layered cobalt oxysulfide Sr_2Cu_2CoO_2S_2 with CoO_2 square-planes

We have studied the dielectric responses of the layered cobalt oxysulfide Sr$_2$Cu$_2$CoO$_2$S$_2$ with the CoO$_2$ square-planes. With decreasing temperature below the N\'eel temperature, the resistivity increases like a semiconductor, and the thermopower decreases like a metal. The dielectric constant is highly dependent on temperature, and the dielectric relaxation is systematically changed with temperature, which is strongly correlated to the magnetic states. These behaviors suggest that carriers distributed homogeneously in the paramagnetic state at high temperatures are expelled from the antiferromagnetically ordered spin domain below the N\'eel temperature.Comment: 3 pages, 4 eps figures, to be published in J. Appl. Phy

Moist static energy: definition, reference constants, a conservation law, and effects on buoyancy

Atmospheric thermodynamic variables are commonly computed under approximations. Although exact formulas are available, they are rarely used. This paper addresses some potential issues arising when using approximate formulas by taking the moist static energy as an example. An important conclusion is that the temperature dependence of latent heat must be taken into account. We also demonstrate that the zero-point energies of various species do not affect the moist static energy budget. The use of an exact formula for moist static energy increases its surface value by 15 K for a typical tropical sounding. However, the change of the parcel buoyancy by using the exact formula is less dramatic, although not negligible. Calculating, for example, the CAPE for convection parameterization, the use of an exact formula is likely not be critical for the practical purposes, but quantitative discrepancies can be as large as 50–200 J/kg

Studies on the Odour of Canned Fish (Part 6) : Volatile Basic Components in the Canned Edible Portion of Short-neck Clam, Tapes japonica

The edible portion of short-neck clam was put up in cans and stored for two months at room temperature. The volatile basic fraction in the canned contents was obtained by a steam distillation method. Volatile bases in the fraction were extracted with ethyl ether, and then the ether extract was analyzed by gas chromatography as well as paper chromatography. The results obtained are as follows, 1. Ammonia and n-propylamine were detected in the ether extract by gas chromatography. Peak area of n-propylamine increased with the period of storage. 2. Only one spot was observed in paper chromatogram, and it was identified as n-propylamine

Incidence of Blossom-end Rot in Relation to Water-soluble Ca Concentration in Tomato Fruits as Affected by Ca Nutrition under Root Restriction

The rate of absorbed Ca to N was less than half of Enshi or Hoagland solution in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) grown with restricted root zone volume in previous experiments. Tomato plants were grown in plastic pots containing 250 or 500ml of peat based medium with modified Enshi solutions containing 1, 2 or 4mM of Ca. The solutions were prepared by replacing a part of Ca(NO3)2・4H2O to NH4NO3. Although Ca concentration was higher than 2mM in drainage collected from plants supplied 1mM Ca solution, absorbed amount of Ca was very small and severe symptom of Ca deficiency was observed. Incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) increased with decrease in Ca concentration of the solution and yield decreased to 50% and 36% of 4mM control, in 2mM and 1mM plots, respectively. Among fractionated Ca in stem of lateral shoot, decrease in water-soluble fraction was remarkable compared to 1N NaCl- or 0.6N HCl-soluble fractions. Tomato plants were then grown with modified solutions containing 1~4mM of Ca and fractionated Ca was determined for distal half of fruits. With decrease in solution Ca, fruit Ca decreased in all fractions, and days to BER incidence after flowering also decreased. Significant relationship was found only between the water-soluble Ca concentration in fruit tissue and rate of BER incidence. Thus water-soluble Ca in tomato fruit may closely relate to BER incidence, and an efficient tool to estimate the potential risk of BER may possibly be developed by determining the Ca fraction in the stem of lateral shoots.根域制限下におけるトマトの養分吸収を調査した結果，培養液中Caの多くは排液とともに排出され，Ｎに対するCaの吸収比率は園試処方やHoagland処方中の比率の50%以下であった．そこで，園試処方培養液中のCa(NO3)2･4H2Oの一部をNH4NO3に置換してCa濃度１，２，４ﾋの培養液を作成し，日射比例給液制御下で ‘ハウス桃太郎’の根城制限栽培（培地容量250，500 ㎖）を行った．培養液のCa濃度が１ﾋであっても排液中のCa濃度が２ﾋよりも高く推移したが，Ca吸収量は極めて少なく，著しいCa欠乏症状が現れた．低Ca濃度区では尻腐れ果が多発し，１ﾋ区では第３果房より上段の果実は全て尻腐れ果となり，第９果房までの収量は２ﾋ区，１ﾋ区でそれぞれ４ﾋ区の50%，36%に低下した．腋芽茎中のCa濃度の低下は0.6N-NaCl可溶性画分や0.6N-HCl可溶性画分と比較して水溶性画分の低下が著しかった．そこで，Ca濃度が１～４ﾋの培養液を用いて点滴栽培を行い，果実中のCa濃度を分画して定量した．果実頂部のCa濃度はいずれの画分においても培養液中Ca濃度が低いほど低く，開花から尻腐れ症状が発生するまでの日数も短くなった．尻腐れ果発生率と果頂部の水溶性Ca濃度との間にのみ有意な負の相関が認められた．以上のことから，果実の水溶性Ca濃度がトマトの尻腐れ果発生リスクの大小に大きくかかわっており，植物体の水溶性Ca濃度測定は尻腐れ果発生防止のためのCa栄養診断に応用できる可能性が高いと考えられる

A Pressure Ulcer Patch Material Study for a Wearable Sensor

Medical professionals need a system to prevent pressure ulcers and to relieve the workload of tending to patients disposed to pressure ulcer formation. Currently, an electronic pressure sensor is in development to alert healthcare professionals that a patient is at risk of forming a pressure ulcer. This MQP conducted studies to determine which medical material best adheres this wearable sensor to the body for seven days, while protecting the electronic components and not irritating the skin. The final patch was made of Tegaderm™ Film Dressing by 3M Co. in an “I” shape. This design adhered to skin for seven days of use, resisted water penetration, and minimally irritated the skin. Future work should test other shapes using the sensor on various parts of the body with larger sample sizes

Stability of Simple Periodic Orbits and Chaos in a Fermi -- Pasta -- Ulam Lattice

We investigate the connection between local and global dynamics in the Fermi -- Pasta -- Ulam (FPU) $\beta$ -- model from the point of view of stability of its simplest periodic orbits (SPOs). In particular, we show that there is a relatively high $q$ mode $(q=2(N+1)/{3})$ of the linear lattice, having one particle fixed every two oppositely moving ones (called SPO2 here), which can be exactly continued to the nonlinear case for $N=5+3m, m=0,1,2,...$ and whose first destabilization, $E_{2u}$, as the energy (or $\beta$) increases for {\it any} fixed $N$, practically {\it coincides} with the onset of a ``weak'' form of chaos preceding the break down of FPU recurrences, as predicted recently in a similar study of the continuation of a very low ($q=3$) mode of the corresponding linear chain. This energy threshold per particle behaves like $\frac{E_{2u}}{N}\propto N^{-2}$. We also follow exactly the properties of another SPO (with $q=(N+1)/{2}$) in which fixed and moving particles are interchanged (called SPO1 here) and which destabilizes at higher energies than SPO2, since $\frac{E_{1u}}{N}\propto N^{-1}$. We find that, immediately after their first destabilization, these SPOs have different (positive) Lyapunov spectra in their vicinity. However, as the energy increases further (at fixed $N$), these spectra converge to {\it the same} exponentially decreasing function, thus providing strong evidence that the chaotic regions around SPO1 and SPO2 have ``merged'' and large scale chaos has spread throughout the lattice.Comment: Physical Review E, 18 pages, 6 figure

Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structures, and Solid-state Fluorescence Properties of Novel 5,5-Dialkyl-9-dibutylamino-5H-benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan-6-one and 3,3-Dialkyl-9-dibutylamino-3H-benzo[kl]xanthen-2-one

After publication use "Published in European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Issue 18, 2008, pp. 3085-3094, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

The Feasibility of a Microfabrication Cluster in New Zealand

This project assessed the feasibility of establishing a microfabrication cluster in New Zealand for Callaghan Innovation and provided them recommendations for the establishment and success of this proposed cluster. We conducted 35 interviews and found that 94% of interviewees were interested in a cluster. The perceived barriers to the formation of the cluster included: a lack of communication within the industry, internal competition, and funding. Despite these barriers we concluded that this industry cluster was feasible. We recommended that Callaghan Innovation hold central meetings where potential cluster members can discuss the cluster’s operation and move forward, focusing on solving industry weaknesses, improving communication, and addressing the needs of cluster members