Pomiar eksahalacji wybranych gazów cieplarnianych za pomocą komory zamkniętej oraz obliczanie wielkości emisji godzinowej na przykładzie wydzielania CO₂

The article presents the use of a closed-chamber method used for measuring the size of exhalation gases from the soil. The paper presents the assumptions of the method, the measuring kit and information regarding the conversion of the gas concentration in the measuring chamber into the amount of gases emitted from the soil. The authors presented a way of converting concentration of emission gases (for example CO₂) in [ppm] units into the exhalation values [mg (CO₂) x m⁻² x h⁻¹], which are more convenient for comparing the results of environmental tests. The work also includes guidelines for conducting the field measurements and allows one to estimate the size of the exchange of gases between soil and atmosphere.Artykuł prezentuje zastosowanie metody komorowej, przy wykorzystaniu statycznej komory zamkniętej, służącej do pomiarów wielkości ekshalacji gazów z gleby. W pracy przedstawiono założenia metody, skład zestawu pomiarowego oraz informacje dotyczące przeliczania wartości stężenia gazów w komorze pomiarowej na ilość gazów. Autorzy zaprezentowali sposób przeliczania stężenia gazów (na przykładzie CO₂) w jednostkach [ppm] na wartości ekshalacji [mg (CO₂) x m⁻² x h⁻¹], które są wygodniejsze do porównań wyników badań środowiskowych. Praca zawiera ponadto wskazówki dla prowadzenia pomiarów terenowych i pozwala na szacowanie wielkości wymiany gazów pomiędzy glebą i atmosferą

Characteristics of soil cover in Poland with special attention paid to the Łódź region

Published in: Natural environment of Poland and its protection in Łódź University Geographical Research, edited by E. Kobojek and T.MarszałThe vast majority (as much as 92%) of soil resources in Poland occur in lowlands and uplands, and only 8% of the area of Poland has the characteristics of mountain soils. Nearly a half (46%) of soils in Poland is created of sandy formations of various origins – usually with a slightly acidic pH. Soils of the Łódź region were mainly formed from sands, and to a lesser degree from clays, silts and organogenic formations. Brown, lessive, podzolic and rusty soils dominate here. Chernozems, fensoils, organogenic soils (peat, muck and silt soils) and rendzinas are also present. Owing to their sandy grain-size composition, they are most often light and very light for cultivation. Most soils are acidified. Socioeconomic and natural conditions have determined the utilisation structure of soils in the Łódź region, where arable lands constitute 60% of the area and grasslands – less than 10%

Acceptance of Protons in the TOTEM RP Detectors for LHC V6.500 Optics of Injection Energy (E = 450GeV and beta* = 11m)

This note reports about the acceptance for elastically and diffractively scattered protons in the TOTEM Roman Pot detectors, placed 147 m and 220 m away from the IP5, for the LHC early collision optics with beams of injection energy: E = 450 GeV and beta* = 11 m. The results are based on thin lens proton tracking with the use of MADX and the aperture model of the machine. The paper discusses also the behaviour of the optical functions at the Roman Pot locations as a function of the fractional proton momentum loss and reports its influence on the detection of diffractively scattered protons. The optical functions are obtained from proton tracks by means of multidimensional polynomial approximation

Towards an economic-geographical approach to the globalisation of the hotel industry

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Obchody Tygodnia Ziem Odzyskanych i Tygodni Ziem Zachodnich z lat 1946–1948 w świetle ogólnopolskiej prasy komunistycznej

Praca przedstawia, jak w świetle ogólnopolskiej prasy komunistycznej wyglądały obchody Tygodnia Ziem Odzyskanych oraz Tygodni Ziem Zachodnich w latach 1946–1948. Wydarzenia Tygodni odbywały się w okresie Polski Ludowej, na skalę całego kraju, w latach 1946–1970 (z przerwą na lata 1949–1957). Autor przedstawia skromny stan badań, który do tej pory powstał na ten temat. Następnie opisuje genezę Tygodni oraz ich przebieg w latach 1946–1948. Na podstawie głównych tytułów prasowych Polski Ludowej, analizie zostaje poddany wymiar propagandowy wydarzeń. Na zakończenie autor dochodzi do wniosku, że Tydzień Ziem Odzyskanych i Tygodnie Ziem Zachodnich były dla władzy ludowej jednymi z najbardziej eksponowanych wydarzeń, które miały w społeczeństwie umacniać świadomość przynależności tzw. Ziem Odzyskanych oraz rewizji granic Polski po 1945 r.The work presents the process of the celebration the Week of the ‘Recovered Lands’ and the Weeks of the ‘Western Lands’ between 1946–1948. The main historical source of it are Polish communist press. The events connected to these Weeks took place, on the scale of the entire country, between 1946–1970 with a break between 1949–1957. The author present a modes state of research which has so far been created on this subject. After that he describes the genesis of the Weeks and their course between 1946–1948. Mostly analyzed is the propaganda dimension of these events. It is done on the basis of the main press titles edited in the People’s Poland. Next, the author concludes that the Week of Recovered Lands and the Weeks of the Western Lands were one of the most exposed events for the main Polish communist which were supposed to strengthen the awareness of belonging Polish ‘Recovered Lands’ and a revision of Polish borders after 1945

Geography, tourism studies and post-communist transformations in Central and Eastern Europe

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Global production networks in the passenger aviation industry

The idea behind the paper, as well as the empirical data presented in the paper, originate from the research project on the aviation industry in Central and Eastern Europe that was carried out in 2015. The project was funded by the British Academy/Leverhulme Trust (grant no. SG132857). A partial contribution under the same grant code was also made by the Sir Ernest Cassel Educational Trust Fund. The author is grateful to the funding bodies for supporting his research endeavour. The author would also like to thank Dr Nick Spedding from the University of Aberdeen for proofreading the first draft of the paper and providing valuable comments on its contents and the three anonymous reviewers for offering a number of useful suggestions on how to improve the paper.Peer reviewedPostprin

Agentisation of airports and the pursuit of regional development in Poland

Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers who provided very useful suggestions on how to improve the paper and strengthen its contribution. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The paper has been written on the basis of a research project on air transport in CEE that was funded by the British Academy/Leverhulme Trust (grant no. SG132857). A partial contribution under the same scheme was made by the Sir Ernest Cassel Educational Trust Fund.Peer reviewedPostprin