Behaviour of the Buff-breasted Sandpiper at the Nest

Observations of Tryngites subruficollis on Victoria and Jenny Lind Islands, 1962 and 1966, indicate that the female, alone, incubates and rears the brood and that the species is polygamous. Brood patches were absent in males collected in June and July; however, the skin of the chin and throat of each was vascularized. A female, flushed from eggs, did not feign injury but when flying close to the observer, slowed speed by allowing legs to dangle.Comportement au nid du Bécasseau roussâtre. Des observations sur le Bécasseau roussâtre (Tryngites subruficollis) faites en 1962 et 1966 dans les îles Victoria et Jenny suggèrent que la femelle est seule responsable de la couvée et de l'élevage de la portée et que l'espèce est polygame. Des mâles pris en juin et en juillet étaient dépourvus de marques de portée, mais dans chaque individu la peau du menton et de la gorge était vascularisée. Une femelle éloignée de ses œufs le 12 juin 1966 ne se livra à aucune simulation de blessure, mais lorsque son vol l'amenait près de l'observateur, elle laissait pendre ses pattes pour ralentir

Evapotranspiration and Energy Balance of Irrigated Urban Turfgrass

Water usage for irrigation is a big consumer of water resources in urban areas in Utah and other parts of the Intermountain Region of the Western United States. As populations continue to increase in these states, it is important to understand how much water is being used by urban landscapes in order to plan and manage future water resources. Evapotranspiration (ET), or the amount of water leaving a surface over a certain timeframe due to both transpiration from plants and evaporation from the soil, is a key variable in understanding how much water urban landscapes are really using to grow and survive. There are ways to estimate it using nearby weather station data, but this method has shown to not always be accurate for one of the more prominent urban landscapes: turfgrass. There are more rigorous ways of measuring ET, but they are much more expensive and require maintenance and processing time. Satellite remote sensing models are becoming an increasingly popular way to estimate ET as well, but they are difficult to employ in urban areas due to the dense spacing of different landscapes and man-made structures. In this thesis, measurements of high-frequency three-dimensional wind, temperature, and humidity are collected and processed to calculate how much water was used at a golf course in a suburban area. This data is then used to validate a simple yet tested and published remote sensing model. ET measurements during the 2017 and 2018 growing season showed that in general more water was being used by the turfgrass than the recommended amount, although this changed throughout the growing season and the turfgrass was actually using less than the recommended amount during the fall months. The validation of the remote sensing model did provide a fair estimate of the average measured values, but the performance of the model was not as good as those found in other studies, likely due to properties of urban landscapes violating some of the assumptions in the model. Combining the model and its validation provide important information on how much water urban landscapes consume, along with steps forward in modeling this water use from a remote sensing perspective

How to cross a square?

The poster compares algorithms how squares can be integrated into a routing engine. A case study showed that most algorithms increase the processing time and the created count of edges significantly

Event Data Definition in LHCb

We present the approach used for defining the event object model for the LHCb experiment. This approach is based on a high level modelling language, which is independent of the programming language used in the current implementation of the event data processing software. The different possibilities of object modelling languages are evaluated, and the advantages of a dedicated model based on XML over other possible candidates are shown. After a description of the language itself, we explain the benefits obtained by applying this approach in the description of the event model of an experiment such as LHCb. Examples of these benefits are uniform and coherent mapping of the object model to the implementation language across the experiment software development teams, easy maintenance of the event model, conformance to experiment coding rules, etc. The description of the object model is parsed by means of a so called front-end which allows to feed several back-ends. We give an introduction to the model itself and to the currently implemented back-ends which produce information like programming language specific implementations of event objects or meta information about these objects. Meta information can be used for introspection of objects at run-time which is essential for functionalities like object persistency or interactive analysis. This object introspection package for C++ has been adopted by the LCG project as the starting point for the LCG object dictionary that is going to be developed in common for the LHC experiments. The current status of the event object modelling and its usage in LHCb are presented and the prospects of further developments are discussed.Comment: Talk from the 2003 Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003, 7 pages, LaTeX, 2 eps figures. PSN MOJT00

Die Allokation des Verkehrsmengenrisikos bei Betreibermodellen für Straßeninfrastruktur: Theoretische Grundlagen und Anwendung auf das A-Modell

In diesem Beitrag werden auf Basis theoretischer Überlegungen Empfehlungen zur effizienten Allokation des Verkehrsmengenrisikos abgeleitet und auf Betreibermodelle für Bundesfernstraßen nach dem so genannten A-Modell angewandt. Es wird festgestellt, dass grundsätzlich eine Teilung des Verkehrsmengenrisikos zwischen Konzessionär und Nutzern einer Straßeninfrastruktur die optimale Lösung darstellt, was durch Konzessionen mit variabler Laufzeit nach dem Barwertverfahren zu erreichen ist. Da allerdings bei Projekten nach dem A-Modell eine Risikoübernahme durch die Nutzer nicht möglich ist, sollte der Großteil des Verkehrsmengenrisikos vom Staat getragen werden. -- This paper discusses aspects of the efficient allocation of traffic risk on the basis of theoretical considerations; these are applicated to a special concession-model for transport infrastructure projects in Germany, the so called A-Modell. It is shown that in general a division of the traffic risk between the concessionaire and the users of a road infrastructure represents the optimal solution, which can be achieved by concession contracts with a variable term using Least Present Value of Revenue (LPVR) auctions. Since the A-Modell does not allow for traffic risk to be borne by users, the majority of the traffic risk should be borne by the state.Risikoallokation,Verkehrsmengenrisiko,Betreibermodell,Straßeninfrastruktur,Risk allocation,traffic risk,concession,road infrastructure

The Rough-Legged Hawk in the American Arctic

Information is presented on an occurrence and geographical range of Buteo lagopus; its nests and nesting habits in the Frobisher Bay area of Baffin Island in 1953; the young; food (mostly lemmings), nesting success; relationship with peregrine hawk, etc

Survival Problems of the Water-Pipit in Baffin Island

Contains results of observations and collections made by the writers June 14-Aug. 22, 1953, near the Royal Canadian Air Force station at the head of Frobisher Bay. Nesting and feeding behavior is described. Incubation period was found to be about 12 days, fledgling period 12-14 days. Description and data on hatching success of 14 nests are given. The pipit was least successful in nesting of all birds of the Frobisher region in summer 1953. Principal losses, of well-developed nestlings, occurred during the third week of July when bad weather created an insect shortage. Four adult specimens collected are described