Il lancio di un prodotto a marca commerciale nel settore farmaceutico. Il caso Almus di Alliance Healthcare Italia.

La presente tesi riguarda una ricerca di mercato svolta per Alliance Healthcare Italia; lo scopo di questo lavoro è individuare un corretto marketing mix, con cui poter promuovere i medicinali equivalenti Almus sul territorio nazionale. Lo studio si focalizza principalmente sulla figura del farmacista per il suo ruolo nella distribuzione di questi particolari farmaci

Children's opinions on effective strategies to cope with bullying: the importance of bullying role and perspective

In order to find out what children would suggest as useful interventions to stop bullying, we designed a questionnaire administered to 311 children (155 boys and 156 girls; mean age = 11 years). Thirty-six items were employed to ask children how effective, in their opinion, retaliation, nonchalance and assertiveness could be in stopping bullying. Items were presented to children from three different perspectives (imagine you are the victim, the bully or a witness). We used peer reports to assess children's role in bullying. Children were grouped into bullies, followers of the bully, defenders of the victims, outsiders, victims and those not involved. The strategy most frequently chosen by all children was to cope with bullying through assertiveness. Bullies considered retaliation effective more often than their classmates, especially when they adopted the perspective of the victim or witness. Bullies did not consider assertive strategies as efficient in stopping the bully. Defenders, outsiders, victims and children not involved, on the other hand, were very much in favour of strategies aimed at solving the conflict through nonchalance or assertiveness, especially when they imagined being the bully. Girls chose assertive strategies more often than boys and younger children preferred nonchalance more often than older children, who tended to choose retaliation more often. Suggestions for intervention are made. © 2005 NFER

Spermatogenesis in the sand crab Emerita Analoga

Crustacean spermatozoa are among the most peculiarly modified germ cells in the animal kingdom. Many of their striking cytological specializations may be observed in the sperm cells or Emerita analoga, the so-called sand crab. This animal has been used by the writer for studies on spermatogenesis and on spermatozoan behavior during the summer or 1951, 1952, and 1953 at the Pacific Marine Station

The Personality Trait of Environmental Sensitivity Predicts Children's Positive Response to School-Based Antibullying Intervention

Background: Meta-analyses on the effectiveness of anti-bullying interventions show that average effects tend to be significant but small. Informed by the Vantage Sensitivity framework (Pluess and Belsky, 2013) the current study aims at testing whether individual differences in Environmental Sensitivity predict treatment response to an anti-bullying intervention. Method: Large randomized controlled trial with 2,042 pupils (grade 4 and 6) randomly assigned to a treatment or control condition. Results: Significant Intervention effects on victimization and internalizing symptoms (but not bullying or externalizing symptoms) were moderated by both Environmental Sensitivity and gender, with boys scoring high on sensitivity benefitting significantly more than less sensitive boys from the effects of the intervention regarding reduced victimization and internalizing symptoms. Conclusions: Findings are consistent with the notion of Vantage Sensitivity, suggesting that some individuals are disproportionately likely to respond to treatment while others are more resistant as a function of individual differences in environmental sensitivity

Self-efficacy in Anger Management and Dating Aggression in Italian Young Adults

An examination of the influence of self-efficacy regarding anger management on psychological and physical dating aggression using an agentic perspective of individual functioning. The investigation applied both the individual perspective (Study 1) and the interactional perspective (Study 2). The sample comprised 470 Italian young adults (223 females) (mean age across genders = 19.10; ds = 1.30) in study 1, and 62 couples in study 2 (mean age for males = 22.34; ds = 2.59; mean age for females = 19.58; ds = 1.50). The first study found that individuals’ efficacy regarding anger management affect dysfunctional behaviors toward the partner via couple conflict. The second study found that one partner’s efficacy regarding anger management affected couple conflict, which in turn affected the other partner’s psychological aggression. Results are discussed within an agentic framework of human development, where young adult partners are proactive agents of their own and their partners' behaviors, contributing actively to their intimate relationship adjustment rather than just re-acting to their partners’ behaviors

How to Stop Victims’ Suffering? Indirect Effects of an Anti-Bullying Program on Internalizing Symptoms

Victims of bullying and cyberbullying present internalizing problems, such as anxiety, psychosomatic and depressive symptoms, and are at higher risk of considering or attempting suicide. Researchers have put great effort into developing interventions able to stop bullying and cyberbullying, and thus buffering possible negative consequences. Despite this, only a few of them have investigated the effects of these programs on the psychological suffering of the victims. The NoTrap! program is an Italian evidence-based intervention able to reduce victimization, bullying, cybervictimization and cyberbullying. The aim of the present study is to analyze whether the NoTrap! program can reduce internalizing symptoms through the decrease in both victimization and cybervictimization. Participants were 622 adolescents, enrolled in the 9th grade of eight high schools in Tuscany (experimental group: N = 451; control group: N = 171). We collected data at three time points: pre-, mid- and post-intervention. Using latent growth curve models, we found that the program significantly predicted the change in internalizing symptoms over time. Furthermore, the mediation model showed that only the indirect effect via cybervictimization was significant. In summary, the program reduced internalizing symptoms within the experimental group successfully, through the decrease in cybervictimization more so than through the mediational effect of decreasing victimization