The Equality of Religious Organizations: Russian and European Experience

This article discusses problematic cases regarding the realization of constitutional and legal order of equality of religious organizations before the law in Russia and contemporary Europe. The purpose of the study is to compare the political and legal grounds and practices of the equality of religious associations in Europe and Russia. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the practices of implementing the constitutional principle of equality of religious associations before the law in the context of Russian and European experience. As part of the systematization and analysis of various models of state-confessional relations, the author comes to a number of legal and socio-political conclusions: firstly, the constitutional and legal regime of equality of religious associations that has developed in Russia is part of a pan-European trend, and also correlates with one of the pan-European main constitutional traditions; secondly, equality of religious associations is often understood by the Russian law enforcement officer as equality not legal, but factual, which makes it difficult to regulate various religious traditions in a similar way; thirdly, it is possible to classify European states in accordance with two approaches to state-confessional relations: from citizens to religious associations or from religious associations to citizens. The value of the conducted research consists in referring to the European experience and comparative analysis of the compliance of the Russian model of state-confessional relations with some European models that have proven themselves to be effective. The results of this study may be used in the legislative process and also while working out the plans and teaching of educational programs

Effect of reducing agent’s nature on the microstructure and certain properties of 30CrNi2Мo high-quality steel

30CrNi2Мo high-quality steel is a heat-hardenable steel. This quenched-and-tempered steel has high strength properties, sufficiently good plasticity and hardness. It is used to manufacture component parts that work in a complexloaded condition under the action of alternating loads. The classical way of heat treating for this steel is quenching with subsequent high tempering, as a result of which the structure of alloyed sorbitol type is formed. The experiment results allow us to state that killing with the new FS45A15 aluminum ferrosilicon reducing agent has a beneficial effect on the formation of a fine-grained structure

Formation of the maze domain structures in lithium niobate as a result of multiple pulse irradiation by infrared laser

The formation of the maze domain structures in the plates of congruent lithium niobate single crystal caused by multiple irradiation of infrared pulsed laser at different plate temperatures was studied. Four stages of domain evolution with increasing pulse number were distinguished. The dependence of the formed self-organizing domain structures on pulse number and sample temperature was revealed. Suppression of the domain formation at the elevated temperatures was attributed to increasing ionic conductivity, which led to decreasing the switching field. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 19-12-00210The equipment of Ural Centre for Shared Use “Modern Nanotechnology” Ural Federal University was used. The research was made possible by Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 19-12-00210)

ДУБЛЕР-КРАСИТЕЛИ ДЛЯ УСИЛЕНИЯ ФЛУОРЕСЦЕНЦИИ ДНК-ЗОНДОВ В МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ

Modern molecular diagnostics with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used as a basic tool for detection of various diseases and control of their course. Today the fluorescently labeled DNA-probes have the greatest popularity due to their high sensitivity and ease of use. Fluorescence intensity is the most important characteristic of fluorescently labeled DNA-probes. Increase of fluorescence intensity will enhance the sensitivity of analysis. Fluorescence intensity can be increased by multiple introduction of fluorophores based on special rigid linkers. Therefore the derivatives of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid were used. In this paper we report on the synthesis of linkers based on 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and their application in synthesis of the reagents with two fluorescein fluorophores and phosphoramidite or azide function for introduction of label into oligonucleotides. It is shown that obtained DNA-probes have almost twofold increase of fluorescence intensity and improved photophysical characteristics.Современная молекулярная диагностика, основным методом которой является полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР), широко используется для выявления различных заболеваний и контроля за их протеканием. Наибольшую популярность в наше время получили флуоресцентно-меченные ДНК-зонды, обладающие высокой чувствительностью и простотой использования. Наиболее важной характеристикой флуоресцентно-меченных ДНК-зондов является интенсивность флуоресценции. Увеличение интенсивности флуоресценции позволяет повысить чувствительность проводимых исследований. Увеличение интенсивности флуоресценции возможно путем множественного введения флуорофоров на специальных жесткокаркасных линкерах. В данной работе в качестве жесткокаркасного линкера были использованы производные 3,5-диаминобензойной кислоты. Таким образом, в работе описан синтез реагентов-разветвителей на основе 3,5-диаминобензойной кислоты, а также получение их производных, несущих по две молекулы карбоксифлуоресцеина, а также фосфорамидитную либо азидную функцию для введения метки в олигонуклеотиды при помощи автоматического твердофазного синтеза или [3+2] азид-алкинового циклоприсоединения. Показано, что полученные при помощи реагентов ДНК-зонды обладают практически двух- кратным увеличением интенсивности флуоресценции и улучшенными фотофизическими характеристиками.

Creation of nanoparticles and surface nanostructures of aluminum oxides by hot water treatment

The equipment of the Ural Center for Shared Use “Modern Nanotechnology” UrFU was used. The work was supported by Government of the Russian Federation (Act 211, Agreement 02.A03.21.0006)

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ МИКРОХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ПИЩЕВОДНО-ТОНКОКИШЕЧНОГО АНАСТОМОЗА

In the experimental study on 6 mongrel dogs the comparative morphometry of layers of the wall of abdominal section of esophagus and small intestine was carried out. Tworowed microsurgical esophago-enteroanastomosis “end-to-end” was formed in 12 animals. From the surplus of the outer case of the esophagus a sphincter-like structure was created. The dynamics of anastomosis adhesion in the postoperative period was studied macroscopically and on longitudinal histotopograms. A good epithelization has been recorded by the 7th day as well as a formation of thin and firm cicatrix without a rough fibrillar tissue by the 21st day.В экспериментальном исследовании на 6 беспородных собаках выполнена морфометрия слоёв стенок абдоминального отдела пищевода и тонкой кишки. У 12 животных сформирован двухрядный микрохирургический эзофагоэнтероанастомоз конец в конец. Из избытка наружного футляра пищевода сформирована сфинктероподобная структура. Изучена динамика заживления анастомоза в послеоперационном периоде. Показана хорошая эпителизация к 7 суткам и формирование тонкого прочного рубца на 21 сутки после операции.

Effect of reducing agent’s nature on the microstructure and certain properties of 30CrNi2Мo high-quality steel

30CrNi2Мo high-quality steel is a heat-hardenable steel. This quenched-and-tempered steel has high strength properties, sufficiently good plasticity and hardness. It is used to manufacture component parts that work in a complexloaded condition under the action of alternating loads. The classical way of heat treating for this steel is quenching with subsequent high tempering, as a result of which the structure of alloyed sorbitol type is formed. The experiment results allow us to state that killing with the new FS45A15 aluminum ferrosilicon reducing agent has a beneficial effect on the formation of a fine-grained structure

Creation of nanoparticles and surface nanostructures of alumina by hot water treatment

In this report, we present a detailed study of the formation of alumina nanostructures at the surface of aluminium plate by hot water treatment (HWT) at various temperatures. The nanostructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The superhydrophilic property of the treated surface was revealed and its stability was investigated. It was shown that HWT could be used also for synthesis of the aqueous suspensions of alumina nanoparticles. It is proposed that the method can be applied for production of surface nanostructures and nanoparticles of various metal oxides. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Government Council on Grants, Russian FederationMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation: 3.4993.2017/6.7, 3.9534.2017/8.9Ural Federal University, UrFU: 2.2.2.17.D-18/36E.A.M. acknowledges the support from the Ural Federal University (grant for young scientist No. 2.2.2.17.D-18/36). The work has been supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (projects 3.9534.2017/8.9 and 3.4993.2017/6.7) and by Government of the Russian Federation (act 211, agreement 02.A03.21.0006). The equipment of the Ural Centre for Shared Use “Modern Nanotechnology” Ural Federal University was used

Preparation and use of transplantable cell line of newborn rabbits for reproduction of viruses

The purpose of the study was development of a way of receiving culture of cells from bodies of newborn rabbits for a reproduction of production strains of viruses