La pratique des langues autochtones au Mexique, xvie-xxie siècles

Ma communication, apparemment hors contexte d’un point de vue géographique, se situe néanmoins dans le cadre thématique de la journée d’étude La Bretagne linguistique si nous considérons certains aspects diachroniques et synchroniques qui ont marqué l’évolution de la pratique des langues vernaculaires au cours de l’histoire, et leurs rapports aux langues dites nationales. Le cas du breton face au latin puis au franҫais comporte à cet égard de probables analogies avec certaines relations sociolinguistiques qu’ont entretenues le nahuatl et l’espagnol au cours des siècles.Après avoir défini le caractère polysynthétique de la langue des Aztèques, nous considérons les modalités spécifiques du contact de ces deux langues au cours de l’histoire, les néologismes créés de part et d’autre, l’exploitation de la discursivité toute particulière de la langue nahuatl par les religieux, la stigmatisation qu’a entraîné le fait de la parler à partir de l’Indépendance, et l’interpénétration féconde du nahuatl et de la langue ibérique dans l’espagnol tel qu’il est parlé aujourd’hui, au Mexique.This paper, although ostensibly out of context geographically speaking with the theme of the La Bretagne linguistique colloquium at which it was presented, was nevertheless situated within the same thematic framework from the point of view of some of the diachronic and synchronic aspects that have marked the evolution in the use of vernacular languages throughout history and their relationship to the so-called national languages. There are probable similarities in this respect between some of the sociolinguistic relationships maintained over the centuries between Breton and first Latin then French and between Nahuatl and Spanish. This paper begins by defining the polysynthetic nature of the Aztecs’ language and then considers the specific modalities of language contact between Nahuatl and Spanish throughout history. It looks at the neologisms created in both languages, the religious leaders’ exploitation of the particular discursiveness of the Nahuatl language, the stigma attached to speaking Nahuatl after Mexico’s Independence and the prolific interpenetration of Nahuatl and the Iberian language in the Spanish spoken in Mexico today

: New radiometric dating from the marine terraces of Corinthia, Northern Peloponnese, Greece

Two interpretations are usually proposed for the Corinthian flight of terraces: faulting or flexuration, of a single or* fewkueis, or stepping of numerous cut-and-fill shorelines. In this paper, U/Th radiometric data confirm the diachronism of the terraces and a previously proposed correlation with the isotopic stratigraphy. While they support the morphological criteria used in this correlation, thèse data strengthen the calibration of the whole flight of Corinthian Terraces, allow one to appreciate the evolution of the uplift rate and confirm the hypothesis of an uplift beginning before 600 kyr in this part of the Aegean Arc.Deux interprétations sont classiquement données de l'étagement de terrasses de Corinthie : multiplication par failles ou flexures d'un ou de quelques niveaux, ou emboîtement de paléorivages de plus en plus jeunes. Dans cette note, des données radiométriques (U/Th) confirment le diachronisme de l'êtagement et une corrélation des terrasses avec la stratigraphie isotopique proposée antérieurement. En validant les critères morphologiques utilisés dans cette corrélation, les datations confortent la calibration de la totalité de l'étagement des terrasses de Corinthie, permettent d'apprécier l'évolution des taux de surrection et appuient l'hypothèse d'un début du soulèvement avant 600 ka dans ce secteur de l'arc Égéen

Automated fetal brain extraction from clinical Ultrasound volumes using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

To improve the performance of most neuroimiage analysis pipelines, brain extraction is used as a fundamental first step in the image processing. But in the case of fetal brain development, there is a need for a reliable US-specific tool. In this work we propose a fully automated 3D CNN approach to fetal brain extraction from 3D US clinical volumes with minimal preprocessing. Our method accurately and reliably extracts the brain regardless of the large data variation inherent in this imaging modality. It also performs consistently throughout a gestational age range between 14 and 31 weeks, regardless of the pose variation of the subject, the scale, and even partial feature-obstruction in the image, outperforming all current alternatives.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, MIUA conferenc

Fast volume reconstruction from motion corrupted stacks of 2D slices

Capturing an enclosing volume of moving subjects and organs using fast individual image slice acquisition has shown promise in dealing with motion artefacts. Motion between slice acquisitions results in spatial inconsistencies that can be resolved by slice-to-volume reconstruction (SVR) methods to provide high quality 3D image data. Existing algorithms are, however, typically very slow, specialised to specific applications and rely on approximations, which impedes their potential clinical use. In this paper, we present a fast multi-GPU accelerated framework for slice-to-volume reconstruction. It is based on optimised 2D/3D registration, super-resolution with automatic outlier rejection and an additional (optional) intensity bias correction. We introduce a novel and fully automatic procedure for selecting the image stack with least motion to serve as an initial registration target. We evaluate the proposed method using artificial motion corrupted phantom data as well as clinical data, including tracked freehand ultrasound of the liver and fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We achieve speed-up factors greater than 30 compared to a single CPU system and greater than 10 compared to currently available state-of-the-art multi-core CPU methods. We ensure high reconstruction accuracy by exact computation of the point-spread function for every input data point, which has not previously been possible due to computational limitations. Our framework and its implementation is scalable for available computational infrastructures and tests show a speed-up factor of 1.70 for each additional GPU. This paves the way for the online application of image based reconstruction methods during clinical examinations. The source code for the proposed approach is publicly available