Climate and climate change in the sub-Antarctic

Meteorologically, the sub-Antarctic is sparsely represented in the climate literature. Drawing on a variety of sources that are either directly or indirectly linked to the sub-Antarctic, an overview of the climate of the sub-Antarctic is presented, In doing so, we note that, for the most part, the sub-Antarctic climate is more or less fixed to mean monthly air temperatures between -5C and +15C. Brief discussion explores the roles of teleconnections that appear to affect the sub-Antarctic climate, focusing on the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM). We report on meteorological evidence of climate change that has occurred in the recent history of the sub-Antarctic and note that rainfall dimate-change signals from Marion and Macquarie islands are consistent with trends associated with the SAM index. We report that modelling suggests that the climate of the sub-Antarctic will continue to change through the twenty-first century in line with twentieth-century trends. The need for more research into the climate of the sub-Antarctic, underpinned by a robust databank of quality controlled sub-Antarctic meteorological data, is noted

Synthesis of polymeric bismuth chlorido hydroxamato complexes; X-ray crystal structure and antibacterial activity of a novel Bi(lll) salicylhydroxamato complex

Reaction of salicylhydroxamic acid (Sha) and 2-aminophenyl hydroxamic acid (2-NH2-pha) with BiCl3 affords the corresponding novel polymeric bismuth chlorido hydroxamato complexes; [BiCl2(-Sha-1H)]∞ and [BiCl3(--Pha-1H)]∞ respectively. The X-ray crystal structure of the THF-solvated polymeric bismuth chlorido salicylhydroxamato complex, [BiCl2(-Sha-1H)(THF)]∞ was solved, confirming the polymeric structure of this class of compounds and the (O,μ-O’)-bidentate bridging coordination mode of the hydroxamato ligand. The antibacterial activity of the THF-free polymeric bismuth chlorido salicylhydroxamato complex, [BiCl2(-Sha-1H)]∞, was investigated against a broad panel of bacteria, further highlighting the antibacterial properties of Bi-based compounds against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic and environmental strains of bacteria

Prevalence of adult ADHD in an all-female prison unit.

There is increasing evidence suggesting a link between ADHD and criminality, including a strong association between ADHD symptoms and the likelihood of being on probation or in prison. Most studies investigating the prevalence of ADHD in prison populations have focused on adult male offenders. In the current study, 69 female prisoners were screened for both childhood and adult ADHD symptoms using the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV. The results indicate that 41 % of the prisoners met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in childhood and continued to meet criteria for ADHD as adults. More importantly, young female prisoners (aged 18-25) were significantly more likely to report symptoms of ADHD than older prisoners. Prisoners who reported symptoms of ADHD also reported high levels of impairment associated with these symptoms. A better understanding of the prevalence of ADHD in female prison units can highlight specific areas for intervention during rehabilitation, as well as the management of serious incidents within prison

Why do the All Blacks need a coach when 76% of farmers don't?: A guide for farmers engaging consultants

The New Zealand Kellogg Rural Leaders Programme develops emerging agribusiness leaders to help shape the future of New Zealand agribusiness and rural affairs. Lincoln University has been involved with this leaders programme since 1979 when it was launched with a grant from the Kellogg Foundation, USA.The purpose of this report is to identify the systems and/ or tools top farmers use to get the best value from their professional advisors. “Why do the All Blacks need a coach” has always been my standard answer when someone asked me why I used a farm advisor. The seed for my research came from an article reprinted in my local newspaper, the Westport News (Westport News 2015). For many years I have admired how the best athletes in the world have the intelligence to identify opportunities for improving their own performance, and seek out advice that endeavours to achieve better personal performance. The most inspiring business leaders (Welch, 2001) have also identified they have an opportunity for enhancing performance through the use of mentors, and skill enhancing tuition. DairyNZ has proven the opportunity for improvement of our Dairy Industry by funding a programme called Dairy Push (DairyNZ, 2011). It started in 2007 and is still continuing due to its success. This programme teamed farmers with farm consultants in the South Waikato area. The engaged farmers achieved $500/ha higher operating profit than the district average (DairyNZ, 2014)

An economic history of the Liverpool marine insurance market, 1802-1914

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DN057148 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Low cost overdrilling technology for pasture establishment

Paper presented at the 53rd New Zealand Grassland Association Conference, 5-7 November 1991, Whakatane.A prototype strip seeder was developed to establish grasses and legumes in the semi-arid and montane environments of the Mackenzie Basin and Central Otago. Specifications of the strip-seeder required for cost-effective performance were identified on the basis of previous direct drilling investigations in this environment, and included: (a) removal of a strip of existing vegetation to reduce competition; (b) creation of seed bed tilth; (c) controlled and separate placement of seed and fertiliser; and (d) compaction of the drilled seed bed to enhance contact between seed and soil. The prototype strip seeder was built around a modified Duncan 730 multi-seeder chassis, and was used to install spring and autumn trials at Eamscleugh in Central Otago and at Ohau Downs in the Mackenzie Basin. Mechanical improvements were made as the trials progressed. The experience gained, and results from the trials, confirm the suitability of the prototype strip seeder concept for successfully introducing grasses and legumes into this terrain

Growth of lucerne following defoliation

In a simulated sward of Wairau lucerne cut at an immature stage of growth to leave a stubble of 10-11 cm, removal of all or one-half the residual leaf area resulted in an initial decline of root weight and low or negative crop growth rates. After 4 weeks, top dry weights showed no significant differences. Calculation of net assimilation rates suggested that previously shaded foliage may initially have had low photosynthetic efficiency following exposure to full light after cutting. Since, in addition, the major part of the regrowth ,came from the crown shoots, it is concluded that few advantages accrue from leaving a tall stubble

The effect of defoliation on the regrowth and leaf area index of lucerne

In recent years, much agricultural research has been directed towards maximizing pasture and crop yields. The determination of yield through the growth and development of the forage crop plant is very complex. It involves the effects of a number of external factors on all the physiological processes of the plant, interactions among these processes, and their dependence on the internal factors governing the genotype of the plant. Therefore, to achieve maximum yields factors limiting growth must be identified and then overcome. The ability of a plant community to intercept light energy is of paramount importance in influencing its productivity under field conditions. In fact, light may be the factor governing the ultimate yield of any particular genotype or plant community. Since solar radiation must be intercepted by plants instantaneously, or it will be lost as a source of energy for photosynthesis, it is highly desirable to grow plants which are capable of utilizing light efficiently. Furthermore, it is desirable to devise management systems which will assist such plants to express their full growth potential under the conditions prevailing. Lucerne has become increasingly important as a forage crop in recent years as it has shown a potential for high yields of good quality feed under a wide range of conditions. The aim of the two field experiments described in this thesis was to add to our knowledge of the growth potential and growth pattern of defoliated lucerne and, if possible, to suggest how high production can be obtained under farm conditions. Measurements of light transmission and leaf distribution with height above the ground were made in an attempt to compare light utilization of lucerne with that of other agricultural crops. A summary of the results and the conclusions derived from them are given in the main part of this thesis. Tables of primary data and statistical analysis may be found in chronological order in the Appendices