Pembentukan Tunas Lilium SP. Secara Ex Vitro Dan in Vitro

Buds, planlets and bulblets formation from excised bulbscales was the preferredmethod for vegetative propagation of Lilium sp (Liliaceae). The ex vitro techniqueswith Gibberellic acid (GA3) pretreatment was induced buds formation on scalescutting which planted on sterilized sand media. Buds rised from basal scales 7days after planted. However scales untreated GA3 obtained in 35-42 after planted.In vitro methods to promote buds initiated from bulbscales explants, was inducedon media MS (Murashige and Skoog) supplemented with GA3 1 mg/l. Media forinduced buds formation, MS contained Benzyl adenine (BA) 1 mg/l and 2 mg/lincreased multiple shoots formation significantly compared cultured on mediawithout BA. Roots growth improved on media contained NAA, but the highestplanlets achieved on cultured MS media without BA. Bulblets formation obtainedon media contained higher concentration of BA (5 mg/l)

Late Quaternary glacial and periglacial environments, Snake Range, Nevada

Limited research has been conducted on the paleoclimatic significance of glacial and periglacial features in the Great Basin. Glacial features in the range were first recognized and described by early explorers (Gilbert, 1875; Simpson; 1876 and Russell, 1884) and subsequent authors have continued to substantiate and elaborate on earlier reports (Heald, 1956; Kramer, 1962; Currey, 1969; Peigat, 1980; Osborn and Bevis, 2001). Since this early reconnaissance work, few studies have focused on the Late Quaternary evolution and paleoclimatic implications of glacial and periglacial landforms in the Great Basin (Wayne, 1983; Osborn, 1989; Bevis, 1995; and Osborn and Bevis, 2001). Wayne (1984) describes relict rock glaciers, sorted circles, debris islands, solifluction lobes and sorted stripes in the Ruby, Schell Creek, and Snake ranges. While Currey (1969) and Osborn and Bevis, (2001) discuss the distribution of rock glaciers in numerous ranges throughout the Great Basin, including the Snake Range, and the surrounding regions; This study presents new data on the glacial and periglacial Late Quaternary conditions in the interior Great Basin based on studies carried out in the Snake Range, located in east-central Nevada. I propose the Lehman rock glacier is an ice-cemented landform that evolved via a recessional genesis, contrary to present glacial or periglacial models that primarily propose constructional geneses for rock glaciers. Preliminary GPR evidence suggests the Lehman rock glacier may retain interstitial lenses of ice; remnant ice that has stagnated under modern climate conditions; The spatial distribution of both glacial and periglacial landforms provides paleoclimatic information derived using field evidence and computer modeling. Neoglacial temperature depression estimates calculated using modern freezing and thawing indices for relict rock glaciers, range from -0.25°C to -1.00°C while temperature estimates calculated using the methodology described by Frauenfelder and Kaab, (2000) and Frauenfelder et al., (2001) are 0.35 to 0.97 degrees lower than those calculated using freezing and thawing indices. Full Glacial MAAT depression estimates range from approximately -5.16°C to -6.61°C calculated using periglacial landforms, to approximately -4.55°C to -5.77°C, calculated from reconstructed Angel Lake equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs); Finally, using scanning electron microscopy, it is possible to differentiate between a glacial and non-glacial origin for pebbles and cobbles entrained in enigmatic sedimentary deposits is a useful tool. Each depositional environment creates distinct micro-features that can be identified and used to establish a glacial or non-glacial history

PERBANYAKAN IN-VITRO Gynurapseudo-China (L.) DC. (Compositae)*[In-vitro Proliferation of Gynura Pseudo-China (L.) DC. (Compositae)]

Gynura pseudo-China (L.) DC./umbi dewa (Asteraceae/Compositae), is a species that produce tuber, the whole parts of plant especially the tuber is used as medicine. Extract of the whole plants of "umbi dewa" contains iridoids, terpenyl coumarins spirostanol steroids, pyrolizidines, purines, pyrimidines and chromanes, which has inhibit glucose cerum effect.Industrial USAge of the plant requires continuos supply of materials which in turn necessitate its cultivation and planting materials.Planting materials can be produced efficiently by micropropagation technique. This objective of the study was to evaluate the culture respond to the plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments. The experiment was designed with completely randomized designed (CRD) and micropropagation result indicated that proliferation of shoots were optimum in the growth medium supplemented with N6-Benzyladenine (BA) 2 mg/l and adenine sulphate 15 mg/l, BA 4 mg/1 and adenine sulphate 10 mg/1 in combination.Inclusions chlorocholine chloride/chlormequat (CCC) and higher sucrose had positively effect on proliferation microtuber in growth medium supplemented with BA 2mg/l without adenine sulphate. Acclimatization stage and planted to the soil were successful, almost whole (95-96%) plants were survive

Kultur Jaringan Kunir Putih (Kaempferia Rotunda L.)

Shoot cultures of Kaempferia rotunda L.were established from rhizome segment.In the 1st experimen these explants were planted on Gamborg/B5 medium that supplemented with BA concentrations were (0, 0.5, 1 and 2) mg/l and/or kinetine were (0, 2 and 4) mg/l.In 2nd experiment these explants planted in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS).This medium supplemented with BA concentrations (0, 2 and 4) mg/l and/or NAA (0 and 1) mg/l.The result in the 1st experiment showed that the best proliferated shoots was from the culture that supplemented with BA 1 mg/l and kinetine 4 mg/l, while in the 2nd experiment the best proliferated shoots was from the culture that supplemented with BA 4 mg/l and NAA 1 mg/l.These shoots were then subcultured on MS liquid medium supplemented with BA (5 mg/l) and MS agar medium was supplemented with BA (2 mg/l) + 2iP (0.5 mg/l) + thidiazuron (0.01 mg/l) + NAA (0.5 mg/l).The cultures could induce the shoots number and produce the morphological plantlets for acclimatization,and acclimatization successed on soil and compost mixed medium in ratio 1:1

KULTUR IN-VITRO EKSPLAN RIMPANG Zingiber Zerumbet Van Aromaticum Val.*[In-vitro Culture of Rhizome Explants of Zingiber Zerumbet Vsar. Aromaticum VaL]

Zingiberaceae species Zingiber zerumbet var. aromaticum Val. usually propagated by vegetative part of the plant. Study on the proliferation of rhizome explants through in-vitro method were conducted on this species for propagation.The explants were cultured in MS (Murashige & Skoog) composition medium in normal and half strength concentration of macro elements, supplemented with micro elements and vitamins. Plant growth regulator (PGR) cytokinin (kinetin, adenine sulphate) were added in initiation stage.Benzyl adenine (BA), thidiazuron and 2,4D (dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) added in medium as treatments to induce shoot multiplication and adventitious shoot development or rooting plants.The media for induced multiple shoot and roots (plantlets) development, supplemented with PGR BA, thidiazuron, Indole butyric acid (D3A) as treatments and activated charcoal were added as antioxidant.In general, most of cultures were indicated have positively responds to PGR treatments. The ability of culture to produce multiple shoots and roots such as in medium with BAP (8 mg/1) + thidiazuron (0.1 mg/1) + IBA (1 mg/l)-indole butyric acid would give a better opportunity of rhizome explants proliferation and plantlets development of Z. zerumbet var. aromaticum

Pedogenic gypsum of southern New Mexico: Genesis, morphology, and stable isotopic signature

Recent work in Canada and Iran (Dowuona et al., 1992 and Khademi et al., 1997a; 1997b) suggested a correlation exists between the delta18 O and deltaD ratios of the hydration water of pedogenic gypsum and the delta18O/deltaD ratios of meteoric water. However, a pedogenic origin for the sampled gypsum was not clearly supported and the results from this procedure were not compared to other paleoclimatic indicators. Therefore, the goals of this study were, (1) evaluate the genesis and soil morphology of pedogenic gypsum in and to semi-arid regions and (2) determine the applicability of pedogenic gypsum as a paleoclimatic indicator; Six profiles containing soils of late Pleistocene through Holocene age in the Tularosa and Jornada basins of Southern New Mexico were described and sampled for isotopic analysis. Gypsum soil morphology was expanded to include a new snowball morphology, as well as Stage I filaments and Stage II nodules, a classification scheme formerly only applied to carbonate morphology. A pedogenic origin for gypsum crystals found throughout the six profiles was determined using a scanning electron microscope. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)