Making Peace in an Age of War: Emperor Ferdinand III (1608–1657)

This English-language translation of Mark Hengerer\u27s Kaiser Ferdinand III: 1608–1657 Eine Biographie is based on an analysis of the weekly reports sent by the papal nuncio’s office to the Vatican. These reports give detailed information about the daily whereabouts of the dynasty, courtiers, and foreign visitors, and they contain the gossip of the court in addition to weekly analysis of some political problems. This material enabled the author to report on daily life of the dynasty and to analyze the circumstances under which policy was made, which has led to a balance between the personality of Ferdinand III and the problems with which he dealt. In this biography, Hengerer provides answers to the question: Why did it take the emperor more than ten years to end a devastating war, the traumatizing effects of which on central Europe lasted into the twentieth century, particularly since there was no hope of victory against his foreign adversaries from the very moment he came into power?https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/purduepress_previews/1040/thumbnail.jp

Judgments of Learning and Retrospective Confidence Judgments: A Qualitative Exploration of Difference in Processes

Many studies of metamemorial confidence have found differences in calibration and resolution between two similar confidence judgments – judgments of learning (JOLs) and retrospective confidence judgments (RCJs). These findings have led to competing theories of the processes involved in JOLs and RCJs, and whether they make use of the same processes or different processes. This study critically tested two such explanations for JOLs and RCJs – the dual process descriptive model of confidence and the target accessibility model of confidence. Participants provided written justifications of their metamemorial confidence judgments for JOLs and RCJs for unrelated word-pairs. Justifications were analyzed using three different but complementary text data analyses – Latent semantic analysis, n-gram word frequency analysis, and support vector machine analysis – to determine whether both JOLs and RCJs utilize the dual process descriptive method, or if RCJs instead only utilize target accessibility. Results indicated that both JOL and RCJ justifications are characterized by a cue-familiarity check at lower levels of confidence and increasing amounts of partial target information as confidence increases. These findings support the dual process descriptive model of confidence, a model that states that confidence judgments are comprised of a cue-familiarity check followed by a retrieval attempt and associated partial target information. Additionally, results indicated that RCJ justifications made greater use of cue-based information than they did target-based information. This finding challenges theories that RCJs only utilize target accessibility as the source of metamemorial confidence and suggests other processes are involved

Making Peace in an Age of War

This English-language translation of Mark Hengerer's Kaiser Ferdinand III: 1608–1657 Eine Biographie is based on an analysis of the weekly reports sent by the papal nuncio’s office to the Vatican. These reports give detailed information about the daily whereabouts of the dynasty, courtiers, and foreign visitors, and they contain the gossip of the court in addition to weekly analysis of some political problems. This material enabled the author to report on daily life of the dynasty and to analyze the circumstances under which policy was made, which has led to a balance between the personality of Ferdinand III and the problems with which he dealt. In this biography, Hengerer provides answers to the question: Why did it take the emperor more than ten years to end a devastating war, the traumatizing effects of which on central Europe lasted into the twentieth century, particularly since there was no hope of victory against his foreign adversaries from the very moment he came into power

The Funerals of the Habsburg Emperors in the Eighteenth Century

This collection of essays is a pioneering survey of the spiritual dimensions of kingship in eighteenth-century Europe. It investigates the role of clergymen in the mechanics of the court, the religious observances of monarchs and their entourages, and the importance of religious images and ceremonial in underpinning royal power. The volume compares the British, French, Russian, and some of the German monarchies in order to allow comparisons to be drawn between different national and especially confessional settings. Based on original research and new source material, the fifteen essays by established scholars chart mostly unknown territory. Previous research on the subject has focused on the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries at the expense of the age of Enlightenment which has widely been regarded as a period of desacralization of monarchy. The essays open up new perspectives on the function of court clerics, conspicuous and internalized forms of aulic devotion, the gendered framing of religion, the purpose of court ritual, and the divide between the public and private spheres of monarchy. Overall the essays maintain that despite the gradual decline of monarchy by divine right, religion still permeated almost all aspects of court life and monarchical representation. The volume thus challenges received wisdom about the disenchantment of kingship and the rise of more rationalized forms of absolutist government during the period between c.1688 and 1789

Molecular magnetic resonance imaging

Molecular MRI (mMRI) is a special implementation of Molecular Imaging for the non-invasive visualisation of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level. More specifically, mMRI comprises the contrast agent-mediated alteration of tissue relaxation times for the detection and localisation of molecular disease markers (such as cell surface receptors, enzymes or signaling molecules), cells (e.g. lymphocytes, stem cells) or therapeutic drugs (e.g. liposomes, viral particles). MRI yields topographical, anatomical maps; functional MRI (fMRI) provides rendering of physiologic functions and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) reveals the distribution patterns of some specific metabolites. mMRI provides an additional level of information at the molecular or cellular level, thus extending MRI further beyond the anatomical and physiological level. These advances brought by mMRI are mandatory for MRI to be competitive in the age of molecular medicine. mMRI is already today increasingly used for research purposes, e.g. to facilitate the examination of cell migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis or gene expression in living organisms. In medical diagnostics, mMRI will pave the way toward a significant improvement in early detection of disease, therapy planning or monitoring of outcome and will therefore bring significant improvement in the medical treatment for patients