Q-functions and boundary triplets of nonnegative operators

Operator-valued $Q$-functions for special pairs of nonnegative selfadjoint extensions of nonnegative not necessarily densely defined operators are defined and their analytical properties are studied. It is shown that the Kre\u\i n-Ovcharenko statement announced in \cite{KrO2} is valid only for $Q$-functions of densely defined symmetric operators with finite deficiency indices. A general class of boundary triplets for a densely defined nonnegative operator is constructed such that the corresponding Weyl functions are of Kre\u\i n-Ovcharenko type

On J-Self-Adjoint Operators with Stable C-Symmetry

The paper is devoted to a development of the theory of self-adjoint operators in Krein spaces (J-self-adjoint operators) involving some additional properties arising from the existence of C-symmetries. The main attention is paid to the recent notion of stable C-symmetry for J-self-adjoint extensions of a symmetric operator S. The general results are specialized further by studying in detail the case where S has defect numbers

Completion, extension, factorization, and lifting of operators with a negative index

The famous results of M.G. Kre\u{\i}n concerning the description of selfadjoint contractive extensions of a Hermitian contraction $T_1$ and the characterization of all nonnegative selfadjoint extensions $\widetilde A$ of a nonnegative operator $A$ via the inequalities $A_K\leq \widetilde A \leq A_F$, where $A_K$ and $A_F$ are the Kre\u{\i}n-von Neumann extension and the Friedrichs extension of $A$, are generalized to the situation, where $\widetilde A$ is allowed to have a fixed number of negative eigenvalues. These generalizations are shown to be possible under a certain minimality condition on the negative index of the operators $I-T_1^*T_1$ and $A$, respectively; these conditions are automatically satisfied if $T_1$ is contractive or $A$ is nonnegative, respectively. The approach developed in this paper starts by establishing first a generalization of an old result due to Yu.L. Shmul'yan on completions of $2\times 2$ nonnegative block operators. The extension of this fundamental result allows us to prove analogs of the above mentioned results of M.G. Kre\u{\i}n and, in addition, to solve some related lifting problems for $J$-contractive operators in Hilbert, Pontryagin and Kre\u{\i}n spaces in a simple manner. Also some new factorization results are derived, for instance, a generalization of the well-known Douglas factorization of Hilbert space operators. In the final steps of the treatment some very recent results concerning inequalities between semibounded selfadjoint relations and their inverses turn out to be central in order to treat the ordering of non-contractive selfadjoint operators under Cayley transforms properly.Comment: 29 page

A general realization theorem for matrix-valued Herglotz-Nevanlinna functions

New special types of stationary conservative impedance and scattering systems, the so-called non-canonical systems, involving triplets of Hilbert spaces and projection operators, are considered. It is established that every matrix-valued Herglotz-Nevanlinna function of the form V(z)=Q+Lz+\int_{\dR}(\frac{1}{t-z}-\frac{t}{1+t^2})d\Sigma(t) can be realized as a transfer function of such a new type of conservative impedance system. In this case it is shown that the realization can be chosen such that the main and the projection operators of the realizing system satisfy a certain commutativity condition if and only if L=0. It is also shown that $V(z)$ with an additional condition (namely, $L$ is invertible or L=0), can be realized as a linear fractional transformation of the transfer function of a non-canonical scattering $F_+$-system. In particular, this means that every scalar Herglotz-Nevanlinna function can be realized in the above sense. Moreover, the classical Livsic systems (Brodskii-Livsic operator colligations) can be derived from $F_+$-systems as a special case when $F_+=I$ and the spectral measure $d\Sigma(t)$ is compactly supported. The realization theorems proved in this paper are strongly connected with, and complement the recent results by Ball and Staffans.Comment: 28 page