Wheat in South Dakota

South Dakota ranks second in the production of durum wheat, third in the production of spring wheats and tenth in total production of wheats. In yields per acre, South Dakota ranks lower than it should. The yield per acre, and consequently the net profit per acre, can be increased by good cultural practices, better crop rotations, planting adapted varieties, and by the control of diseases. Many wheat growers are also lamenting the fact that the quality of wheat grown has gradually decreased during recent years. This is caused mainly by the enormous increase of weeds, the mixing of varieties and the lack of control of diseases. Good cultural practices, good rotations, and disease control not only increase yield per acre but also improve the market quality at the same time

Wheat for Profit

Wheat ranks as one of the important agricultural products of South Dakota. The soil and climatic conditions are favorable for the production of high quality wheats. Other factors are the choice of varieties, good cultural methods, crop rotation and the control of diseases

Correlations Between Length of Spike and Culm in Wheat and Certain Characters of Progeny, including Yield

Measurements of the central culm and head of 256 plants of Marquis wheat were made in 1919 , which were called mother heads and mother culms\u27 \u27 respectively. Each head was threshed separately and an equal number of kernels from each, sown in nursery rows with the seed from long heads alternating with that from short heads. The same order of planting was followed during the length of the experiment. Each row was threshed separately and seed saved for the following year

The Date of Seeding Winter Rye when the Ground is Dry or Wet

The position of winter rye as a well-established crop in South.Dakota is indicated by the fact that substantial acreages are sown each year. Such position for winter rye results from the fact that it is a comparatively sure crop, capable of producing fair yields when seeded over wide range of time and conditions. Yields from seeding at different dates at the experiment substation at Highmore indicate that under usual circumstances maximum yields can be secured from seeding at the optimum date, September 15. In seasons when rainfall is abnormally high or abnormally low the the safest method of handling seed of winter rye would be to delay seeding for some weeks after the optimum date until conditions are favorable. This delay in seeding winter rye in order to avoid possible loss of valuable seed is warranted on the basis of fairly good yields secured from later seeding

Prevalence and correlates of sexual harassment in professional service firms

BackgroundDespite their significance, limited research has been conducted on sexual harassment in professional service firms (PSFs).MethodsSurvey data were gathered from 321 Belgian employees (155 women, 166 men) of global accounting and law firms. The prevalence of sexual harassment in PSFs based on traditional sexual harassment items and not-man-enough harassment items was reported. Correlations of respondents' experiences with workplace sexual harassment with perceived acceptance of sexual harassment by one's peers (social norms), personality traits, and demographic and job-related factors were examined.ResultsExperiences of workplace sexual harassment were widespread in the current sample: 88.5% of women and 83.3% of men experienced at least once or twice some form of sexual harassment at work during the past 24 months. The most frequent types of sexual harassment reported are examples of (verbal) forms of gender harassment. Instances of traditional harassment were experienced equally often by men and women, while not-man-enough harassment was much more frequently experienced by women. Severe physical sexual harassment was less frequent. Workplace sexual harassment is positively correlated with perceived acceptance of sexual harassment by one's peers and negatively with job level.ConclusionsResults of the current study align with research that links workplace sexual harassment with workplace culture and suggest that both men and women in PSFs experience enforcement of gender roles. It seems quintessential for firms to create working environments and cultures in which sexual harassment is clearly and unambiguously condemned and sanctioned

Comparative genomics of Bacillus thuringiensis phage 0305φ8-36: defining patterns of descent in a novel ancient phage lineage

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Propagating the missing bacteriophages: a large bacteriophage in a new class

The number of successful propagations/isolations of soil-borne bacteriophages is small in comparison to the number of bacteriophages observed by microscopy (great plaque count anomaly). As one resolution of the great plaque count anomaly, we use propagation in ultra-dilute agarose gels to isolate a Bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophage with a large head (95 nm in diameter), tail (486 × 26 nm), corkscrew-like tail fibers (187 × 10 nm) and genome (221 Kb) that cannot be detected by the usual procedures of microbiology. This new bacteriophage, called 0305φ8-36 (first number is month/year of isolation; remaining two numbers identify the host and bacteriophage), has a high dependence of plaque size on the concentration of a supporting agarose gel. Bacteriophage 0305φ8-36 does not propagate in the traditional gels used for bacteriophage plaque formation and also does not produce visible lysis of liquid cultures. Bacteriophage 0305φ8-36 aggregates and, during de novo isolation from the environment, is likely to be invisible to procedures of physical detection that use either filtration or centrifugal pelleting to remove bacteria. Bacteriophage 0305φ8-36 is in a new genomic class, based on genes for both structural components and DNA packaging ATPase. Thus, knowledge of environmental virus diversity is expanded with prospect of greater future expansion

Islands of non-essential genes, including a DNA translocation operon, in the genome of bacteriophage 0305ϕ8-36

We investigate genes of lytic, Bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophage 0305ϕ8-36 that are non-essential for laboratory propagation, but might have a function in the wild. We isolate deletion mutants to identify these genes. The non-permutation of the genome (218.948 Kb, with a 6.479 Kb terminal repeat and 247 identified orfs) simplifies isolation of deletion mutants. We find two islands of non-essential genes. The first island (3.01% of the genomic DNA) has an informatically identified DNA translocation operon. Deletion causes no detectable growth defect during propagation in a dilute agarose overlay. Identification of the DNA translocation operon begins with a DNA relaxase and continues with a translocase and membrane-binding anchor proteins. The relaxase is in a family, first identified here, with homologs in other bacteriophages. The second deleted island (3.71% of the genome) has genes for two metallo-protein chaperonins and two tRNAs. Deletion causes a significant growth defect. In addition, (1) we find by “in situ” (in-plaque) single-particle fluorescence microscopy that adsorption to the host occurs at the tip of the 486 nm long tail, (2) we develop a procedure of 0305ϕ8-36 purification that does not cause tail contraction, and (3) we then find by electron microscopy that 0305ϕ8-36 undergoes tail tip-tail tip dimerization that potentially blocks adsorption to host cells, presumably with effectiveness that increases as the bacteriophage particle concentration increases. These observations provide an explanation of the previous observation that 0305ϕ8-36 does not lyse liquid cultures, even though 0305ϕ8-36 is genomically lytic