Analisa Kerusakan pada Sistem Transmisi Wheel Loader Kawasaki Kcm 60zv Mengalami Kerusakan (Unit Tidak Bisa Mundur)

The transmission system is a system that functions to convert mechanical power from the engine to be channeled to the final drive so that the unit can move at different speeds and torques as needed. This analysis aims to identify the cause of the damage, take steps to repair and prevent damage to the transmission system on the wheel loader. The inspection procedure is carried out by performing a performance test on the transmission system, a visual inspection of the hydraulic tank, hose, body control valve transmission and disassembly transmission assemblies. Furthermore, an analysis using a fishbone diagram is performed to analyze the causes of transmission system damage. The result of damage analysis is known that the source of transmission damage is damage to the bearing components on the output shaft assemblies, the occurrence of scratches on the output shaft, and the pump on the torque converter. The repair steps are in the form of re-assembly (refit) and refitting by replacing damaged components. Preventive action is carried out by running a daily check and preventive maintenance procedure

Pediculosis capitis among Primary School Children and Related Risk Factors in Urmia, the Main City of West Azarbaijan, Iran

Abstract Background: Pediculosis capitis is cosmopolitan health problem. In addition to its physical problems, its psychological effects especially on pupils are more important. This study was conducted to determine the Pediculosis capitis among primary school pupils and also find out the role of probable related risk factors in Urmia city, Iran 2010. Methods: 35 primary schools of Urmia City according to the defined clusters randomly have been selected during 2010. 2040 pupils (866 boys and 1174 girls) were included and examined individually and privately by experts. Presence of adult or immature lice or having nits less than 1 cm from the hair basis were defined as positive. Data about demographic features and factors which their effect should be determined were recorded in standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software with proper statistical test. Results: Infestation was determined around 4%. Girls show significantly greater infestation. The availability of suitable warm water for bathing and hair length (separately in girls and boys) are significantly related to infestation load as well as infestation among different age groups. There was no significant relation between parent's education and job and infestation as well as bathing repetition per week and the kind of energy source which they have. Also there is no significant correlation between educational grades and head lice infestation. Conclusion: The head louse pediculosis is a health problem and remains a health threatening for school children.Effective risk factors should be determined carefully and regionally. Proper training plays a great role in order to prevent and control the problem

Control of chilled beef spoilage by combination of packaging and organic acid treatment

In this study, the  inhibitory  effect  of  lactic  acid  and  acetic  acid  spray  on  spoilage  of  packaged  fresh chilled  beef  was investigated. Meat from the chuck portion of 1 to 2 year old beef bulls was sprayed with 1% solution of lactic and acetic acids prior to packaging with polystyrene and stretch film. Meat  samples  were  kept  at 2- 4° C  and  the package were removed periodically in 2 day intervals from the refrigerating chamber and underwent microbial (total count, coliform cont and psychrophilic count), chemical (pH and TVN) and organoleptic (drip, colour and odor) examinations. The experiment was performed with 20 repetitions.  The results indicated that there was a significant increase in total, coliform and psychrophilic counts during an 8 day preservation period (

Isolation, identification and biotyping of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica from pasteurized milk

In order to investigate the presence of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica in pasteurized milk, 242 samples were collected from Tabriz retails from 2011 to 2012. The samples were enriched in PSBB. Afterwards, virF and ail genes were exploited as target sequences for the detection of virulent Y. enterocolitica. PCR-positive samples were cultured on CIN agar and MacConkey agar. The selected isolates were confirmed by second-phase duplex PCR. For the biotyping of Y. enterocolitica, certain biochemical tests were performed on the isolate. The pasteurized milk samples were further analyzed for the enumeration of hygiene indicator bacteria and qualitative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test. Virulent Y. enterocolitica were detected in 6.61% (16/242) of samples by ail-PCR, however, using virF-PCR 4.13% (10/242) of the samples were identified as positive. Among PCR-positive samples only 0.41% (1/242) were isolated by culture method and confirmed by second-phase duplex-PCR. Based on the biochemical assays, the isolated Y. enterocolitica was identified as biotype 4. Furthermore, 11.57% (28/242) of the samples were found positive for alkaline phosphatase test. The results revealed that the number of hygiene indicator bacteria in ALP-positive samples was significantly (

Impact of salt concentration on persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Iranian UF white cheese

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis) is considered as a potential significant public health threat due to its possible association with Crohn’s disease in humans. This is a study aimed to investigate the effect of different salt concentrations on survival of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis during ripening and storage of Iranian ultra-filtrate-white cheese (IUFWC). For this purpose, retentate was inoculated with 2 Log cfu/g of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Afterwards, model cheeses were prepared with 2%, 3% and 4% of salt. Quantity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was estimated throughout the ripening and storage of IUFWC using F57-quantitative real time PCR (F57-qPCR) and culture assay. Along with, the populations of lactic acid bacteria as well as physicochemical properties of cheese samples were determined. According to the results, at the early stage of storage period (1 to 30 days) the number of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was almost constant; however, it was decreased significantly (

Diversity of Bacillus species isolated from biofilm of raw milk tankers and dairy processing equipments

Bacillus is the dominant genus encloses gram-positive spore-formers that some are considered as a threat to the quality of foods and consumers’ health. This study aimed to explore the occurrence of Bacillus species in raw milk tankers and dairy processing equipments as well as to examine the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates. For this reason, a total of 80 samples consisting of 30 samples obtained from raw milk tankers, 30 samples of dairy processing equipments and 20 samples from various surfaces of the production plant was collected. According to the results, 16.66% of the samples obtained from raw milk tankers, 20% of dairy processing equipments and 40% of surface samples were found positive for Bacillus species. Various species of the Bacillus were found; amongst B. cereus with 36% and B. aloe and B. pumilus with 4% occurrence rate, were the most and least abundant species, respectively. Results of biofilm production revealed that 96% of the isolates were capable of producing biofilm. Eventually, it was concluded that conventional CIP procedure is unable to entirely remove the biofilm of Bacillus species from dairy plant surfaces. Hence, there is a need for a new approach to conquer the problem

Contamination rate, antibiotic susceptibility profile, biofilm formation and presence of TSST-1 gene in Staphylococcus aureus isolates

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and traditional dairy products of West-Azerbaijan Province and also to evaluate the presence of TSST-1 virulence gene, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of the isolates. Using stratified random method, a total of 80 raw milk and traditional dairy products (including traditional cheese, cream and curd) together with 20 nasal swab samples of the dairy products’ manufacturers were collected. S. aureus strains were isolated and identified by conventional culture methods. Afterwards, the isolates were subjected to PCR analysis to detect the presence of TSST-1 gene. According to the findings, 35% of the samples were contaminated by S. aureus. Moreover TSST-1 gene was recognized in 1 cheese and 2 swab samples. Antibiotic resistance profile revealed that most of S. aureus isolates were resistant towards vancomycin, penicillin, and methicillin and sensitive towards co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, rifampin, oxacillin, and cephalothin. Moreover, 2.85%, 17.15%, and 80% of the isolates were capable to form high, moderate and low amounts of biofilm. High occurrence of S. aureus in milk and dairy products which harbor TSST-1 virulence gene, and the strains that demonstrated resistant to several antibiotics and capable of biofilm formation, could be considered a health threat to the consumers of these products

Molds contamination of raw milk and dairy products: Occurrence, diversity and contamination source

This study aimed to assess the occurrence and diversity of mold species in raw milk and its products along with the identification of potential contamination sources. For this reason, a total of 260 samples consisting of 80 raw milk, 100 dairy products (i.e., pasteurized milk, yoghurt, cheese and buttermilk) and 80 environmental (i.e. ingredients, packaging materials, surface of processing equipments and air) specimens were collected. Using culture assay and microscopic observation, the occurrence as well as the diversity of mold species was investigated. According to the results, 82.3% of the samples were identified as positive for mold contamination. The percentage of mold contamination for raw milk was estimated as 97.5%. In the case of pasteurized milk, yoghurt, buttermilk, cheese and environmental samples, it was determined as 52%, 76%, 52%, 56% and 96.25%, respectively. Mold diversity among various samples consisted of Aspergillus, Geotrichum, Penicillium, Mucor, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Stemphylium, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. Results revealed a significant (p < 0.01) correlation between kind of mold species isolated from raw milk and dairy products. Similarly, a correlation was observed between dairy products and environmental sources. Regarding the high occurrence of mold contamination in raw milk and environmental sources, it seems that in some instances heat treatment was not effective enough to inactivate all molds; whereas in some other cases, cross contamination may have resulted in mold contamination. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain hygienic conditions during raw milk handling as well as processing steps. These practices could efficiently reduce the occurrence of mold contaminations in dairy products