Technical Efficiency Assessment of Dairy Farm in the South-west Region of Bangladesh

The paper concentrates on technical efficiency assessment of dairy farms in the south-west region of Bangladesh. Stochastic frontier approach is used in the paper. 70 dairy farms are considered as sample.  The data reveals that number of labour and the quantity of food are statistically significant at 1 percent level of significance. In addition, the data also manifests that numerous farm specific characteristics i.e. farm size, farmer’s age and amount of credit are statistically significant at 1 percent, 10 percent and 10 percent level of significant respectively. The range of technical efficiency for the farms varies from 26 percent to 95 percent. The mean technical efficiency is 68 percent for the dairy farms of the south-west region. This implies that an average output of milk production falls 32 percent short of maximum possible level. Hence, there is huge scope of improvement in dairy sector. Therefore, to improve the farm productivity proper training for the farmer and medical treatment facility should be given. Keywords: Dairy farm, Cobb-Douglas production function, Technical efficiency, South-west region. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-10-04 Publication date: April 30th 201

Polymer-Based Low-Cost Micromachining of Gap Waveguide Components

The millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-millimeter-wave (sub-mmWave) frequency bands have gained significant attention over the past few years due to the growth of commercial wireless applications. As the operating frequency approaches these higher frequencies, the dimensions of the waveguide-based components continue to decrease. The decreasing feature size of those waveguide components makes the traditional machine-based (computer numerical control, CNC) fabrication method increasingly challenging in terms of time and cost, especially above 100 GHz. Additionally, this method is a serial process and cost will not scale with volume production. Micromachining has the potential of addressing the manufacturing issues of mmWave components. However, the existing microfabrication techniques either suffer from technological immaturity, are time-consuming, or lack sufficient cost-efficiency. A straightforward, fast, and low-cost fabrication method that can offer batch fabrication of waveguide components operating at mmWave and sub-mmWave frequency range is desirable to address the needs for hardware on the growing market of mmWave and sub-mmWave wireless systems.Conventional metal waveguides have very strict fabrication requirements in terms of mechanical assembly and integration of RF electronics. In comparison, gap waveguide technology not only offers competitive loss performance but also provides several benefits in terms of assembly and integration of active components. A gap waveguide is a planar waveguide technology which does not suffer from the dielectric loss in planar waveguides and which does not require any electrical connections between the metal walls, in contrast to hollow waveguides. This thesis aims to realize gap waveguide components operating at mmWave and sub-mmWave frequency range, in a low-cost and time-efficient way by developing new polymer-based fabrication methods.A template-based injection molding process has been designed to realize a high gain antenna operating at D band (110 -170 GHz). We can confirm that injection molding of OSTEMER is a straightforward and fast device fabrication method. In the proposed method, the time-consuming and complicated parts need to be fabricated only once and can later be reused.A dry film photoresist-based method is also presented in this thesis to fabricate waveguide components operating between 220 - 320 GHz. Dry film photoresist offers rapid fabrication of waveguide components without using sophisticated tools. The measurement results presented in the thesis indicate that this dry film-based method is a promising method for fabricating waveguide components operating in mmWave and sub- mmWave frequency ranges

Influence of Brocaas Aphasia and Wernickas Aphasia on Language Disorder

Human brain and language are closely related to each other as normal speech production is hampered when brain receives an injury The names of Paul Broca and Carl Wernick are closely associated with the research of brainlanguage relationship To find out the practicality of their research it is necessary to study of some cases regarding Broca s aphasia and Wernick s aphasia This article has attempted to analyze the symptoms of aphasia to explore how this influence language and cognitive behaviors Based on interviewing three patients the findings reveal that if left hemisphere of human brain gets any trauma normal language production is hampered The article ends with some suggestion to help the patient s surroundings recovering language soo

Is Existing International Environmental Law Adequate in Addressing the Challenge of Global Climate Change?

The Honorable Senior Judicial Magistrate Farjana Yesmin, Senior Judicial Magistrate, Mymensingh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Fellow, 2012-2013 Golden Gate University School of Law/International Women Judges Graduate Fellowship Program (LL.M. in Environmental Law)

Patriarchy and Women’s Parliamentary representation in Bangladesh

The low representation of women in almost every legislative form of life is an international con-cern. In reality, very small portion of women representations are seen in the government in pro-portion to their population. Now a day women participation in the parliament is assumed neces-sary in modern democracy because decent number of women representation is noticed as crucial for appropriate government. In connection to above discussion my paper tried to reveal the rea-sons hindering women’s representation in Bangladesh parliament. Case study design is a good option to find out the actual factors causing women under representation in the parliament. Re-search question is set from the logical point of view identifying the elements or factors which are influential on women representation. Posing question consisted with “why” and “how” has helped me revealing the identification of the factors and created a broad aspect of discussing their impact on women representation. For this reason, my study becomes explanatory study as it requires explaining the situation. Furthermore, I tried to figure out if the religion is really a factor causing women low representation or it is a manipulated factor? To problematize my analysis portion I have found “Patriarchy” and “supply and Demand model” theories most suitable. After my going through my discussion, the reader will see I have focused and sorted out male domination as a prime factor hindering women’s representation in the parliament and which also makes impact on all the other factors causing women under representation in the parliament. I made some recommendations for future studies at the conclusion part as well

Polymer-Based Micromachining for Scalable and Cost-Effective Fabrication of Gap Waveguide Devices Beyond 100 GHz

The terahertz (THz) frequency bands have gained attention over the past few years due to the growing number of applications in fields like communication, healthcare, imaging, and spectroscopy. Above 100 GHz transmission line losses become dominating, and waveguides are typically used for transmission. As the operating frequency approaches higher frequencies, the dimensions of the waveguide-based components continue to decrease. This makes the traditional machine-based (computer numerical control, CNC) fabrication method increasingly challenging in terms of time, cost, and volume production. Micromachining has the potential of addressing the manufacturing issues of THz waveguide components. However, the current microfabrication techniques either suffer from technological immaturity, are time-consuming, or lack sufficient cost-efficiency. A straightforward, fast, and low-cost fabrication method that can offer batch fabrication of waveguide components operating at THz frequency range is needed to address the requirements.A gap waveguide is a planar waveguide technology which does not suffer from the dielectric loss of planar waveguides, and which does not require any electrical connections between the metal walls. It therefore offers competitive loss performance together with providing several benefits in terms of assembly and integration of active components. This thesis demonstrates the realization of gap waveguide components operating above 100 GHz, in a low-cost and time-efficient way employing the development of new polymer-based fabrication methods.A template-based injection molding process has been designed to realize a high gain antenna operating at D band (110 - 170 GHz). The injection molding of OSTEMER is an uncomplicated and fast device fabrication method. In the proposed method, the time-consuming and complicated parts need to be fabricated only once and can later be reused.A dry film photoresist-based method is also presented for the fabrication of waveguide components operating above 100 GHz. Dry film photoresist offers rapid fabrication of waveguide components without using complex and advanced machinery. For the integration of active circuits and passive waveguides section a straightforward solution has been demonstrated. By utilizing dry film photoresist, a periodic metal pin array has been fabricated and incorporated in a waveguide to microstrip transition that can be an effective and low-cost way of integrating MMIC of arbitrary size to waveguide blocks

Learners Learning Style Preferences and Teachers Awareness in the Context of Higher Secondary Level in Bangladesh

This article is conducted to investigate the English language learning style of the higher secondary learners in Bangladesh and how far the teachers are aware about the learners preferences For this purpose 30 students were selected from 3 higher secondary colleges to express their styles through a questionnaire as to how they preferred learning English as a foreign language Moreover this study also included 8 teachers interview on how they perceive learners preferences while teaching English The questionnaire containing 13 items were adopted and adapted from Reid s 1987 original study of perceptual learning style preferences The findings of the study showed some specific styles preferred by most of the learners In various cases the teachers were not aware of the learners styles and those who were aware showed their problems of implementing these styles in classroom The article ends with some suggestions in order to aware teachers and learners about the effectiveness of learning style