Kantian Nonideal Theory and Nuclear Proliferation

Recent revelations of Iran’s hitherto undisclosed uranium enrichment programs have once again incited western fears that Tehran seeks nuclear weapons’ capability. Their fears seem motivated by more than the concern for compliance with the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). Rather, they seem strongly connected to the western moral assumptions about what kind of government or people can be trusted with a nuclear arsenal. In this paper, I critically examine the western assumptions of the immorality of contemporary nuclear proliferation from an international ethical stance that otherwise might be expected to give it unequivocal support – the stance of Kantian nonideal theory. In contrast to the uses of Kant that were prominent during the Cold War, I advance and apply a sketch of a Kantian nonideal theory that specifies the conditions (although strict conditions) under which nuclear proliferation for states like Iran is morally permissible even though the NPT forbids it

Authority and Esteem Effects of Enhancing Remote Indigenous Teacher-Assistants' Mathematics-Education Knowledge and Skills

The interaction between Australia's Eurocentric education and the complex culture of remote Indigenous communities often results in Indigenous disempowerment and educational underperformance. This paper reports on a mathematics-education research project in a remote community to support Indigenous teacher assistants (ITAs) in mathematics and mathematics tutoring in an attempt to reverse Indigenous mathematics underperformance. It discusses teachers' and ITAs' power and authority within school and community, describes the project's design, and summarises the project's results in terms of affects and knowledge. It draws implications on the relation between ITA professional development (PD), affect, esteem, knowledge, authority, teacher-ITA partnerships, and enhanced Indigenous mathematics outcomes

Status of the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) resource and fishery

California Fish and Game Code states that the annual sardine quota can be set at a level greater than 1,000 tons, providing that the level of take allows for continued increase in the spawning population. The primary goal of management as directed by the Code is rehabilitation of the resource, with an added objective of maximizing the sustained harvest. We estimate the sardine population size to have been 353,000 short tons on July 1, 1995. Our estimate was based on output from an integrated stock assessment model called CANSAR (Deriso 1993). CANSAR is a forward-casting age-structured analysis using fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data to obtain annual estimates of sardine abundance, year-class strength and age specific fishing mortality for 1983 through the first semester of 1995. CANSAR couples a simulation model with sardine population dynamics. Non-linear least-squares criteria are used to tune the model to match catch-at-age data and other indices of sardine abundance. To calculate the 1996 fishery quota, we used the harvest formula selected as the preferred option in the draft Coastal Pelagic Species-Fishery Management Plan (CPS-FMP). That formula has undergone extensive scientific and user-group review as part of the Pacific Fishery Management Council's (PFMC) CPS-FMP adoption process and has the endorsement of the fishing industry and the scientific community. Use of this formula will result in a reduced fishing mortality rate compared to the formula used to calculate the quota in 1995. We conclude that it is particularly important to reduce fishing mortality for 1996 because the rates may have been excessive in recent years, especially for older aged sardines. Accordingly, we recommend a 1996 sardine harvest quota of 35,000 short tons. (21pp.

Verification of mesoscale objective analyses of VAS and rawinsonde data using the March 1982 AVE/VAS special network data

Various combinations of VAS (Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder) data, conventional rawinsonde data, and gridded data from the National Weather Service's (NWS) global analysis, were used in successive-correction and variational objective-analysis procedures. Analyses are produced for 0000 GMT 7 March 1982, when the VAS sounding distribution was not greatly limited by the existence of cloud cover. The successive-correction (SC) procedure was used with VAS data alone, rawinsonde data alone, and both VAS and rawinsonde data. Variational techniques were applied in three ways. Each of these techniques was discussed

The duke of Ormond, the Popish Plot, and the Exclusion Crisis, 1677-82.

This thesis is concerned with rectifying a largely unexplored aspect of Restoration Ireland— that of how politics conducted between all three Stuart kingdoms was seen from the perspective of, and impacted upon, the Irish government. It accomplishes this in three ways: first by using the discovery of several Catholic plots and the resultant political instability in England and Scotland to expose the tensions inherent in the duke of Ormond’ s position as lord lieutenant of Ireland; second by highlighting the dynamics of instability that distorted his position during such periods and finally by outlining how the duke of Ormond undertook to manage such tensions and reestablish his position in the Stuart political nation. In so doing this thesis arrives at a more representative picture of the role and position of the Irish government and kingdom within the Stuart monarchy before the accession of James, duke of York. It begins with the political fallout of Titus Oates’ s discoveries in September 1678 before detailing the fragility of Ormond’ s position because of the political upheavals in England and Scotland. B y early 1680 growing animosity between the crown and the Whigs compelled the latter to use unconstitutional means to assert their position and embarrass the duke of York by proving that his key alley Ormond had suppressed evidence about an Irish Catholic plot. In late 1680 the Whigs brought this plot before parliament to prepare the ground for the duke of York ’ s exclusion. However at this moment of crisis and despite his dire financial straits Charles II refused to have the institution of monarchy circumscribed by parliament. From this point onwards Ormond’ s position strengthened gradually culminating in his arrival in London to participate in the overthrow of the Whig political ascendancy in London