Planning Solar in Energy-managed Cellular Networks

There has been a lot of interest recently on the energy efficiency and environmental impact of wireless networks. Given that the base stations are the network elements that use most of this energy, much research has dealt with ways to reduce the energy used by the base stations by turning them off during periods of low load. In addition to this, installing a solar harvesting sys- tem composed of solar panels, batteries, charge con- trollers and inverters is another way to further reduce the network environmental impact and some research has been dealing with this for individual base stations. In this paper, we show that both techniques are tightly coupled. We propose a mathematical model that captures the synergy between solar installation over a network and the dynamic operation of energy-managed base stations. We study the interactions between the two methods for networks of hundreds of base stations and show that the order in which each method is intro- duced into the system does make a difference in terms of cost and performance. We also show that installing solar is not always the best solution even when the unit cost of the solar energy is smaller than the grid cost. We conclude that planning the solar installation and energy management of the base stations have to be done jointly

Strategic Interaction and Networks

This paper brings a general network analysis to a wide class of economic games. A network, or interaction matrix, tells who directly interacts with whom. A major challenge is determining how network structure shapes overall outcomes. We have a striking result. Equilibrium conditions depend on a single number: the lowest eigenvalue of a network matrix. Combining tools from potential games, optimization, and spectral graph theory, we study games with linear best replies and characterize the Nash and stable equilibria for any graph and for any impact of players’ actions. When the graph is sufficiently absorptive (as measured by this eigenvalue), there is a unique equilibrium. When it is less absorptive, stable equilibria always involve extreme play where some agents take no actions at all. This paper is the first to show the importance of this measure to social and economic outcomes, and we relate it to different network link patterns.Networks, potential games, lowest eigenvalue, stable equilibria, asymmetric equilibria

Fast Decoder for Overloaded Uniquely Decodable Synchronous Optical CDMA

In this paper, we propose a fast decoder algorithm for uniquely decodable (errorless) code sets for overloaded synchronous optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) systems. The proposed decoder is designed in a such a way that the users can uniquely recover the information bits with a very simple decoder, which uses only a few comparisons. Compared to maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder, which has a high computational complexity for even moderate code lengths, the proposed decoder has much lower computational complexity. Simulation results in terms of bit error rate (BER) demonstrate that the performance of the proposed decoder for a given BER requires only 1-2 dB higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the ML decoder.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1806.0395

Impacts de systèmes culturaux biologiques sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, l’azote minéral du sol et les rendements en grandes cultures au Québec

L'agriculture biologique vise à améliorer la durabilité des systèmes culturaux, cependant, certaines pratiques de conservation des sols utilisées peuvent augmenter les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES), sous certaines conditions environnementales. L'objectif de ce projet était de déterminer l'effet de différents systèmes culturaux en grandes cultures biologiques sur les émissions de GES et sur le rendement des cultures. Un essai au champ a été réalisé à l'Institut national d'agriculture biologique, au cours de deux saisons de croissance (26 avril au 31 octobre 2019 et 29 avril au 12 novembre 2020), sur un loam sableux. Le dispositif expérimental en blocs complets aléatoire incluait deux témoins comparatifs (prairie permanente et jachère en sol nu [JSN]) et cinq systèmes culturaux combinant différentes (i) séquences culturales (orge [Hordeum vulgare L.]-maïs [Zea mays L.], soya [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-blé de printemps [Triticum aestivum L.], maïs-soya); (ii) sources fertilisantes (fumier de poulet [FP] et/ou engrais vert en dérobée [EV] ou aucun apport); et (iii) intensités de travail primaire du sol (labour avec charrue à versoirs [LB] ou chisel [CH]). La température, la teneur en eau et les concentrations en azote minéral du sol ont été mesurées périodiquement, de même que les émissions de protoxyde d'azote (N₂O) et méthane (CH₄) à l'aide de chambres statiques à régime variable. Le système CH-EV a généré les plus faibles émissions de N₂O cumulatives en 2019 et 2020 et les systèmes LB-FP en 2019 et JSN en 2020 ont généré les émissions les plus élevées. Les émissions de CH₄ ont été équivalentes entre les différents systèmes. Le système CH-EV a minimisé les émissions de N₂O à l'échelle de la superficie sans augmenter les émissions de N₂O à l'échelle du rendement. Cependant, l'évaluation à long terme de ces systèmes culturaux est nécessaire pour déterminer les bénéfices agronomiques, économiques et environnementaux.Organic farming aims to enhance the sustainability of cropping systems, but some soil conservation practices implemented may increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of various organic cropping systems on GHG emissions and crop yields, in Québec, Canada. A field experiment was conducted at the Institut national d'agriculture biologique, over two growing seasons (26 April to 31 October 2019 and 29 April to 12 November 2020), on a sandy loam soil. The randomized complete block design included two controls (perennial forage and bare fallow [BF]) and five organic cropping systems combining different: (i) crop sequences (barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]- grain corn [Zea mays L.], soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]- spring wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], grain corn-soybean); (ii) sources of fertilizers (poultry manure [PM] and/or a fall-seeded green manure [GM] or no source); and (iii) primary tillage intensities (moldboard plough [MP] or chisel plough [CP]). Soil temperature, water content, and mineral N concentrations were evaluated periodically, as well as direct nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) emissions, which were quantified using non-flow-through non-steady-state chambers and gas chromatography. The lowest cumulative N₂O emissions were found in CP-GM (0.52 ± 0.11 and 3.55 ± 0.72 kg N ha⁻¹ in 2019 and 0.47 ± 0.06 kg N ha⁻¹ in 2020), whereas the highest emissions were found in MP-PM in 2019 (3.55 ± 0.72 kg N ha⁻¹) and BF in 2020 (1.44 ± 0.20 kg N ha⁻¹). During both years, CH₄ emissions varied from -0.65 to +0.18 kg C ha⁻¹ and were similar between cropping systems. Organic cropping system CP-GM minimized the area-scaled N₂O emissions without increasing the yield-scaled N₂O emissions. However, long-term assessment is necessary to determine the agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits of these cropping systems

An educational game in collaborative logistics

We describe an educational game in collaborative logistics. The game is based on an award-winning application in cost allocation in transportation. The purpose of the game is to acquire an understanding of negotiation, coalition building, and cost/profit sharing when the players have different powers and hold different levels of information. The game is played with each player representing a single company. The challenge for the players is to find an efficient coalition and to share the benefits and costs of the collaboration. We describe the underlying case study, review basic concepts in game theory, outline the teaching case, and discuss experiences from running the game in several countries and with students in business, engineering, and forestry

Production planning in the pulp and paper industry

This paper examines the short term production planning problem encountered in the fine-paper industry. In this industry, different types of pulp are transformed by parallel papermachines into large rolls of paper sheets. The paper sheets are then cut and packaged based oncustomer needs. The paper machines usually represent the bottleneck stage in the productionprocess. At this bottleneck stage, a predetermined production sequence has to be maintained.The paper proposes a tight mixed-integer programming formulation to model this productionprocess. It is showed that real size problem instances can be solved with commercial integerprogramming solvers. Furthermore, we show that by adding some simple valid inequalities tothe proposed formulation, major improvements to the solution time can be achieve

Sustainable forest management using decision theaters : rethinking participatory planning

Involving stakeholders in the decision-making process can be very complex and time consuming. Decision theater (DT), which enables the combination of visualization and decision modeling capabilities together with human capacity of insight and interaction, is proposed for addressing this challenging problem in the forest sector. A generic framework for designing DTs to support participatory planning in the forest sector is proposed. To enable DT implementation and support decision-making in the DT in the province of Québec, Canada, the conceptual design of a decision-support system called Forest Community-DSS (FC-DSS) has been developed. Implementing FC-DSS along with other technologies in a DT environment can contribute to engage the stakeholders in the decision-making process by increasing participation frequency, collecting more inputs from the stakeholders, supporting the development and evaluation of alternative options and the selection of preferred alternatives. A DT-based collaboration approach would contribute to address the multiple issues of the stakeholders involved in participatory planning in Québec. Other Canadian provinces and other countries facing similar issues can benefit from the proposed approach

Uniquely Decodable Ternary Codes for Synchronous CDMA Systems

In this paper, we consider the problem of recursively designing uniquely decodable ternary code sets for highly overloaded synchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. The proposed code set achieves larger number of users $K < K_{max}^t$ than any other known state-of-the-art ternary codes that offer low-complexity decoders in the noisy transmission. Moreover, we propose a simple decoder that uses only a few comparisons and can allow the user to uniquely recover the information bits. Compared to maximum likelihood (ML) decoder, which has a high computational complexity for even moderate code length, the proposed decoder has much lower computational complexity. We also derived the computational complexity of the proposed recursive decoder analytically. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed decoder is almost as good as the ML decoder.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1806.0395

Cdc14 and Condensin Control the Dissolution of Cohesin-Independent Chromosome Linkages at Repeated DNA

AbstractChromosome segregation is triggered by the cleavage of cohesins by separase. Here we show that in budding yeast separation of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and telomeres also requires Cdc14, a protein phosphatase known for its role in mitotic exit. Cdc14 shares this role with the FEAR network, which activates Cdc14 during early anaphase, but not the mitotic exit network, which promotes Cdc14 activity during late anaphase. We further show that CDC14 is necessary and sufficient to promote condensin enrichment at the rDNA locus and to trigger rDNA segregation in a condensin-dependent manner. We propose that Cdc14 released by the FEAR network mediates the partitioning of rDNA by facilitating the localization of condensin thereto. This dual role of the FEAR network in initiating mitotic exit and promoting chromosome segregation ensures that exit from mitosis is coupled to the completion of chromosome segregation

Exploring new forms of intermediation in the forest value chain

This paper proposes a method to restructure the forest value chain using intermediaries when a wider range of forest values should be managed for several stakeholders. This method leads to the definition of the strategic vision of the intermediary, including its value proposition and its required competencies, assuming that actors in the value chain are prepared to revise their business approach to enable effective collaboration and knowledge sharing. The method is used to support management of public forests in the Province of Quebec, in Eastern Canada. Basically, the intermediary, referred to as the integrator-supplier (IS) in the application case, enables several stakeholders, including the government, the forest industry, regional authorities, recreation organizations, and First Nations, to cnmmunicate, to set compatible goals, and to synchronize their activities. These activities and interactions must all be effectively carried out to maximize the overall benefits of forest management. Three critical issues for successful development of the IS are identified. The results present functional descriptions of seven development scenarios for effective use of intermediation in forest value chains