Dependency-based translation equivalents for factored machine translation

Abstract. One of the major concerns of the machine translation practitioners is to create good translation models: correctly extracted translation equivalents and a reduced size of the translation table are the most important evaluation criteria. This paper presents a method for extracting translation examples using the dependency linkage of both the source and target sentence. To decompose the source/target sentence into fragments, we identified two types of dependency link-structures -super-links and chains -and used these structures to set the translation example borders. The option for the dependency-linked ngrams approach is based on the assumption that a decomposition of the sentence in coherent segments, with complete syntactical structure and which accounts for extra-phrasal syntactic dependency would guarantee "better" translation examples and would make a better use of the storage space. The performance of the dependency-based approach is measured with the BLEU-NIST score and in comparison with a baseline system

The Equivalence of Datko and Lyapunov Properties for ( h

The aim of this paper is to characterize a general property of (h,k)-trichotomy through some Lyapunov functions for linear discrete-time systems in infinite dimensional spaces. Also, we apply the results to illustrate necessary and sufficient conditions for nonuniform exponential trichotomy and nonuniform polynomial trichotomy

High Ki-67 expression is associated with prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas

Pituitary adenomas represent the third most common primary intracranial tumor in neurosurgical practice. To understand the biological behaviour of the pituitary adenomas previous studies have determined the tumor proliferation rate using monoclonal antibodies targeted against the Ki-67 antigen. The aim of this study was to correlate the Ki-67 index with hormonal profiles of pituitary adenomas. The study included 50 pituitary adenomas. For histopathologic evaluation, the sections were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin method. Additional paraffin sections from each tumor were immunostained using primary antibodies against the following pituitary hormones: somatotropin (STH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). To detect the expression of Ki-67 we used a mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody (clone K2). The percentage of Ki-67 positive nuclei (Ki-67 labeling index) was assessed by counting approximately 1000 nuclei of the tumor cells at ×400 magnification. Out of the 50 tumor samples, 31 (62%) pituitary adenomas showed proliferative activity, and the proliferation rate was variable in this group. The overall mean Ki-67 labeling index was 1.59 ± 1.47, ranging from 0.3% to 6.6%. In 5 cases, the Ki-67 index was >3%, all of them being prolactinomas. The Ki-67 index was higher in PRL-secreting adenomas (mean ± SD was 3.37 ± 1.80, range 0.9 - 6.6%). Our study provides the evidence that a higher Ki-67 value is associated with pituitary adenomas that secrete PRL (prolactinomas and mixed STH/PRL-secreting adenomas)

3. Developing by Drawing Creativity of Children Activities

The potential creativity elements can be expressivity, flexibility, fluency, brain sensibility as well as the qualities of the analyzers and temperamental characteristics which have an important role in triggering, developing and manifesting creativity. Here we must also take into account the relationship of the subject with the environment and educational factors. For the child, creativity has certain time limits that are determined by a multitude of factors such as: adaptation to new changes, will, creative type cognitive type, the feeling of duty and responsibility, ideal, surrounding atmosphere. In the current paperwork, we aimed to elevate the development level of creativity by plastic arts and we remarked that, in those plastic art activities where the basic method was the play, the efficient organization of the activities of plastic arts. The child is an active subject of knowledge who absorbs with lust the information proposed by the educator, he/she must be ready to receive more and more knowledge. The main task of the adults is to create optimal conditions of discovery and achievement of his/her creative possibilities and to take into consideration the individuality of each child