Ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy of Single and Multi-layer Graphene

We investigated Raman spectra of single-layer and multi-layer graphene under ultraviolet laser excitation at the wavelength of 325 nm. It was found that while the G peak of graphene remains pronounced in UV Raman spectra, the 2D band intensity undergoes severe quenching. The evolution of the ratio of the intensities of the G and 2D peaks, I(G)/I(2D), as the number of graphene layers n changes from n=1 to n=5, is different in UV Raman spectra from that in conventional visible Raman spectra excited at the 488 nm and 633 nm wavelengths. The 2D band under UV excitation shifts to larger wave numbers and is found near 2825 1/cm. The observed UV Raman features of graphene were explained by invoking the resonant scattering model. The obtained results contribute to the Raman nanometrology of graphene by providing an additional metric for determining the number of graphene layers and assessing its quality.Comment: 18 pages; 5 figures; submitted for publication on February 20, 200

PULIRAN: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE LAGUNA DE BAY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO THE BIO-REGION

Amidst the global shift towards sustainability, critically assessing the Laguna de Bay’s sustainability as a bio-region is imperative. Its role as a large natural ecosystem offers an opportunity to observe the sustainable framework phenomenon. The human-environment interaction is rich, and the ecological degradation of the lake can be linked with nearby lakeshore towns. With a holistic framework composed of the four fundamental elements of sustainability, that is, institution, society, ecology, and economy, the sustainability of the Laguna de Bay can be assessed. In doing this, microcosmic representatives through the barangays of Limbon-Limbon and Ithan have been taken. The data framework is composed of both quantitative and qualitative data triangulated with secondary data to produce a strong data output. Regression analysis, indexing, and plotting in the Cartesian plane are the quantitative data analyses used whilst a transcendental phenomenological approach has been applied to the qualitative data for understanding the human experience. Findings have shown that the Laguna de Bay has a very weak sustainability index (i.e., 0.0001) and a bias towards an anthropocentric worldview. Additionally, qualitative analysis has shown that the community has a strong regard for cultural capital whilst falling in the rest of the components. Transcendentally, a deep longing for the past with apparent regret and hopeful involvement depicts the sustainability phenomena. Puliran holds deep possibilities for social change as it estimates the phenomenon of sustainability, and quantitatively leads to how a weak sustainable framework can be optimized and balanced for a strong sustainable framework

A Case Analysis of a Model Program for the Leadership Development of Women Faculty and Staff Seeking to Advance Their Careers in Higher Education

The purpose of this case study was to explore a model of leadership development for women faculty and staff in higher education. This study is significant because it explored the only identified campus-based program open to both faculty and staff. The campus-based Women's Institute for Leadership Development (WILD) program at the University of Cincinnati evolved over a few years and became a regionally-based program subsequently called the Higher Education Collaborative (HEC). These two programs at the University of Cincinnati served as the foci of this case study research. Using methods consistent with case study research, I interviewed six past participants of the programs (three from each), plus the program coordinator, and several other campus administrators. Document reviews were conducted on marketing materials, progress reports, websites, budgets, status of women reports, and other documents found in university archives. A focus group was conducted with the primary informants of the study as a way to check identified themes with the participants. Findings suggest that elements of the leadership development programs did have influence on the participants in terms of their leadership self-efficacy, career aspirations and career paths. A comparison of the WILD and HEC programs suggest that the regionally-based HEC provided a solid opportunity for skill development and training, while the campus-based WILD program excelled at providing opportunities for participants to develop meaningful relationships and gain insights into the operations of the University. Participants in the HEC program engaged in the experience to learn about ways to advance in their careers, unlike the women in WILD who participated in order to be better in their current positions. WILD alumnae had changed positions, taking on more responsibilities and in some cases higher ranking titles since participating in the program. It was too soon to tell the career path implications for the HEC participants. Other universities wishing to create a pipeline for women to advance into leadership can learn from the University of Cincinnati. Elements of both the WILD and HEC programs serve as valuable models for creating effective leadership development opportunities for women. Making sure women understand the purpose of an all-women experience is an important component that was missing from the UC programs