Energy exchange between electron and molecular gases

Energy transfer between electron and molecular gase

A New Era of Growth: Reforms to Revitalize the Indian Economy

India is currently going through the most significant economic slowdown it has experienced in at least the past 20 years. Prior economic slowdowns, such as the crisis of 1991, were driven by macroeconomic challenges. A successful series of reforms between 1991 and 2004 set the Indian economy on a basis of sound fundamentals, paving the way for rapid growth up to this point. But not all of the necessary reforms were put in place, and as a result, India’s political and economic institutions have been unable to keep pace with the country’s rapid growth. Inefficiencies and policy distortions have grown more severe, and a recent series of economic shocks and policy missteps have threatened to highlight the cracks in India’s economic foundations and throw the country off its growth trajectory entirely-–made abundantly clear by the difficulties faced by the export and manufacturing sectors. To return to a path of rapid, inclusive, and sustainable growth, simple economic stimulus is insufficient. India must return to its unfinished reform agenda, introducing policies concerning land acquisition, labor law reform, mobilization of capital and ease of doing business which will bring Indian economic governance in line with the realities of a rapidly growing power operating within a highly globalized world. If India does not summon the political will to implement these reforms, then it will very likely witness marginalization in global supply chains, continued unemployment and economic stagnation, and ultimately the sacrifice of its demographic dividend

The Future of Work in India: Adapting to the Fourth Industrial Revolution

As India has continued its transition into the digital economy, a new technological revolution is starting which, in the long term, will revolutionize the future of work and the nature of the economy. In the modern digital economy, machines are capable of automating simple and predictable tasks, but humans fill in to bring the nuance, complexity and creativity our technology cannot yet provide. Yet new advances in computing power, the growing ubiquity of internet-connected devices, and algorithms which mimic the cognitive processes of human thought are building a world in which complex and unpredictable processes can be automated through the sheer weight of predictive data. In the process, work tasks currently seen as reserved for humans can increasingly be ceded to machines, threatening to upend paradigms of employment in place throughout human history. India would appear vulnerable to these tectonic changes, as a large share of its economy is already vulnerable to automation through technologies already widely available. However, in the next few decades, India is unlikely to experience significant job loss from automation. Labor costs are low enough that implementing the expensive infrastructure and systems required to facilitate automation does not make economic sense, especially in the informal sector where the vast majority of individuals work. These technologies may, however, eliminate jobs that have served as traditional ladders for social mobility in a time of inequality. They will also elevate the digital platform economy into a position of dominance, requiring labor reforms to address the unforeseen challenges that result. Moving forward, India should develop a framework for formal protections in the emerging digital gig economy, which straddles the formal and informal sectors. Education initiatives promoting reskilling and upskilling should be expanded, as lifelong learning becomes more and more important for adapting to changing realities in the labor market. Finally, the government should consider policies to redistribute gains from technology and incentivize advances in the fields that reflect India’s development priorities

Critical Spirituality, Moral Philosophy, and Business Ethics

Critical ethics, according to David Boje, require a restoration of moral philosophy as a core value to the theory and practice of business ethics. Managerial business ethics often lack an answerability that challenges systemicity, which produces inhumane unethics. This essay supports answerability for the administered world of organization, power and politics. We join critical post-modern theorists in rejecting managerialism and the cultural industry. We advocate an ethics of responsibility that is drawn from moral philosophy and a free spirituality (by which we mean a trust in human potential, consciousness and human evolution). Just as ethics is often a grey area constantly being rethought, so too moral philosophy is being questioned and revised in post- modern theorizing. Disciplines relating to ethics are deconstructing the philosophical and ideological theories in order to move into the future. Critical theory is a work always and already partial in its progress. (Boje 2007) The assumptions of critical theory, as well as ethics and moral philosophy, therefore remain in a flow state. Each area of theory must function in a dialectical fashion - allowing for the unknown, the unseen and the unimaginable. Only in this state of mind can a truly creative co-mingling of unfinished ethics and evolving critical theory occur

ICT Initiatives in India to Combat COVID-19

The great loss of life and economic damage COVID-19 has wrought across the world has not left India untouched. In these tough times, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has emerged as a key means of both resolving challenges caused by the pandemic and responding to the new reality of the everyday. Government at the central and state levels has actively engaged with the private sector to develop ICT solutions, particularly identification, isolation, contact tracing, and treatment, to deal with the evolving situation in the country. Of particular benefit have been the growing number of mobile applications and Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools which have emerged during this time. However, the use of ICT involves its own set of challenges, especially concerning privacy safeguards. Governments must ensure the use of ICT is fair and proportional not only during the times of pandemic, but also in the post-COVID-19 era. Countries like South Korea and Hong Kong illustrate emergent best practices for the use of ICT in such crises

Harmonizing Product-Level GHG Accounting for Steel and Aluminum

Greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting methods for steel and aluminum products have begun converging towards common standards within their respective industries in recent years. However, accounting methods for steel products and aluminum products are still not fully comparable with each other. If emissions are measured and allocated differently for these products, then these accounting differences have the potential to influence materials choices for manufacturers concerned about reducing their reported GHG footprint. Companies could therefore be motivated to make a choice between aluminum and steel according to emissions benefits that materialize from differences in accounting frameworks, but which do not actually exist in practice. These incentives will materialize for any substitutable materials which do not use fully comparable GHG accounting frameworks. Bringing product-level accounting methods for substitutable materials such as steel and aluminum into alignment with each other is therefore necessary to eliminate this gap. This study analyzes the major high-level differences between the International Aluminium Institute’s product-level guidance and cradle-to-gate product-level accounting in the steel industry, represented by a synthesis between the ResponsibleSteel International Standard and the Worldsteel Life Cycle Inventory Methodology

Direct observation of Levy flight of holes in bulk n-InP

We study the photoluminescence spectra excited at an edge side of n-InP slabs and observed from the broadside. In a moderately doped sample the intensity drops off as a power-law function of the distance from the excitation - up to several millimeters - with no change in the spectral shape.The hole distribution is described by a stationary Levy-flight process over more than two orders of magnitude in both the distance and hole concentration. For heavily-doped samples, the power law is truncated by free-carrier absorption. Our experiments are near-perfectly described by the Biberman-Holstein transport equation with parameters found from independent optical experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure