Buku Teks: Reka Cipta Tingkatan 5

Buku teks Reka Cipta Tingkatan 5 ini merupakan buku teks yang dihasilkan berdasarkan keperluan Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM) Mata Pelajaran Elektif Ikhtisas (MPEI) dan Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran (DSKP) Reka Cipta Tingkatan 5 yang disediakan oleh Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK), Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Buku ini mengandungi lapan bab yang ditulis berdasarkan dua kluster. Bab satu hingga empat ditulis berdasarkan Teknologi Pembuatan. Dalam kluster ini, murid akan diberi pendedahan dari aspek pengetahuan, kemahiran dan nilai bagi bidang teknologi di samping dilatih dalam pengujian dan pengukuran kefungsian produk yang dihasilkan. Bab lima hingga lapan pula ditulis berdasarkan Strategi Pemasaran. Dalam strategi pemasaran, murid didedahkan mengenai produk, harga, promosi, tempat dan harta intelek kepada produk, strategi pemasaran serta proses komunikasi dan dokumentasi yang berkesan. Buku ini turut menerapkan pelbagai pendekatan pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan keperluan semasa seperti Pembelajaran Kendiri, Pembelajaran Kolaboratif, Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek, Inkuiri, Penyelesaian Masalah, Pembelajaran Masteri, Konstruktivisme, Pembelajaran Penerokaan dan Pendekatan STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). Sehubungan dengan itu, buku ini diharap dapat mewujudkan suatu dimensi pengajaran dan pembelajaran Reka Cipta yang lebih berkesan. Bagi tujuan menarik minat serta mengukuhkan kefahaman murid pula, buku ini telah ditulis dengan mempelbagaikan kaedah serta corak persembahan grafik seperti penggunaan gambar foto, gambar rajah, peta i-Think, carta, graf dan ilustrasi. Akhir kata, buku teks Reka Cipta Tingkatan 5 ini diharap dapat membentuk daya imaginatif, kreatif, inovatif, inventif serta mampu merealisasikan Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan dan wawasan negara. Selain itu, buku ini juga diharap mampu melahirkan generasi saintifik, progresif, berdaya fikir tinggi, berpandangan jauh, menyumbang kepada pembangunan teknologi, peka terhadap alam sekitar, mengamalkan literasi kewangan dan keusahawanan, berdaya saing serta mengagumi ciptaan Tuhan

Understanding the Impact of the Economic Crisis on Child and Maternal Health among the Poor: Opportunities for South Asia

The economic crisis hit many countries in 2007 and the effects are still being felt, especially in poorer developing nations. Much of the debate surrounding the economic crisis and its impacts has focused on the financial and economic aspects—import/export impacts, economic growth losses, labor force cutbacks, and fiscal imbalances. The social impact, especially on poor and vulnerable groups, has received less mention. Yet, if countries are to address the overall impacts of the economic crisis, it is vital that they also consider investing time and money to deal with social impacts more effectively. There are fears, however, that a reduction in spending on vital sectors (including the healthcare sector) to ensure economic recovery could affect poor and vulnerable populations and, in turn, erase the progress that has been made thus far. The decision to reduce such spending could also come from donors, who tend to favor a market-led recovery process in economic crises, thereby neglecting vital social service sectors that cater to the needs of poor populations. This spending can supplement government services or fill resource gaps and as a result reductions could have negative impacts on beneficiary populations, particularly the poor and vulnerable. Addressing child and maternal health issues within the context of the economic crisis is one key area to consider given its short, medium, and long-term effects on populations in developing countries. In South Asian countries, child and maternal health-related indicators tend to be disturbing despite the rapid growth rates in many of these countries. The number of infant deaths is still quite high, nutrition of children and women continues to be problematic, and maternal health and pre/post natal care remains poor. This paper presents an overview of child and maternal health in the South Asia region, but also recommends that interventions take into account a series of factors if the impacts of the economic crisis are to be minimized: There is a need for more information and research on the impacts of the crisis; Investing in social protection and safety nets is imperative; Food security should be integrated into social protection; Vulnerable households require support to cope with the crisis despite their own efforts and coping strategies; State investments that support vulnerable populations should be protected in times of crisis.poverty reduction; economic crisis impact; social impact; child maternal health; south asia poverty; social protection

Overcoming health systems barriers to successful malaria treatment.

The success of malaria control programmes is recognised to be handicapped by the capacity of the health system to deliver interventions such as first-line treatment at optimal coverage and quality. Traditional approaches to strengthening the health system such as staff training have had a less sustained impact than hoped. However, novel strategies including the use of mobile phones to ease stockouts, task-shifting to community health workers, and inclusion of the informal sector appear more promising. As global health funding slows, it is critical to better understand how to deliver a proven intervention most effectively through the existing system