Pushing the Appeal Against Fraud Before the Administrative Judiciary: A Comparative Study

The purpose of this study is to determine the jurisdiction to hear counterfeiting appeals if raised before administrative courts in Jordan, By comparing the position of the administrative judiciary in Jordan with that of the French and Egyptian administrative judiciary, Indicate whether the jurisdiction of the court in question is discretionary or restricted. The statement of the legal nature of this appeal and the position of jurisprudence and administrative judiciary on this nature.The results of the study showed that both the French and Egyptian administrative courts have admitted to themselves the power to consider the case of filing an appeal against forgery before the administrative courts, considering that the challenge of forgery is a sub-payment of the original judge. This was confirmed by the French State Council and the Egyptian State Council through the rulings of their administrative courts. One of the most important recommendations of the study was that the Jordanian administrative judiciary, especially after the issuance of the current administrative judiciary law, which came in response to the constitutional amendments scheduled in 2011, following the conduct of the French and Egyptian administrative judges, considering the impeachment of fraud by the original judge as a subsidiary payment to the original judge. Keywords: Forgery, administrative jurisdiction, legal nature. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/93-10 Publication date: January 31st 202

Dispute Settlement in the American Second Court of Appeal and its Scope of Practice in the Jordanian Courts of Appeal

This paper deals with the dispute settlement regulation applied in the American second quarter court for appeal and its scope of practice in the Jordanian courts of appeal. As we have presented in this study and specifically in the first part the formulation of American second quarter court for appeal and the formulation of the Jordanian courts of appeal whereas the dispute settlement in the American second quarter court for appeal and its scope of practice in the Jordanian courts of appeal were presented in the second part. Moreover the study has come to the conclusion that the appeal settlement regulation and the settlement sessions are possible to be applied in the Jordanian courts for appeal. The study presented the legal terms stated in the Jordanian civil procedures law that are effective in the above- mentioned regulations including but not limited to article 177 and article 78. The study was concluded in the suggestion of applying the appeal settlement regulations in the Jordanian courts of appeal

Seismic In-Plane Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infill Walls

Field data gathered after destructive earthquakes indicate that infill walls interact with reinforced concrete (RC) frames in buildings during an earthquake and could cause failure mechanism different than what the frames are originally designed for. A new method to identify the failure modes of RC frames with infill walls is developed. The method requires only the simple geometric and material properties of the elements involved in the frame- wall assembly. The approach checks various possible failure mechanisms, including those that may evolve depending on how the infill wall may fail during strong shaking, for example, the dynamically evolved captive column mode. A new hysteresis model is developed for RC frames with infill walls to investigate the ultimate damage state given a ground motion. The hysteresis model is compared with data from experiments by other researchers. The approach and hysteresis model result in estimates that agree with the failure modes observed in the experiments. The ability of finite element modeling is investigated to predict the performance of RC frames with infill walls. The techniques used to simulate materials and interfaces to estimate the cyclic in-plane response of RC frames infilled with masonry wall are presented. Results from the finite element models are in good agreement with the experimental data

Bullying on Social Media (Facebook) in the Jordanian Society: A Study on Behaviorally and Emotionally Disturbed Youth

The present study aimed to explore the level of electronic bullying among behaviorally and emotionally disturbed youth in Jordan. The researchers adopted a descriptive analytical approach. The sample consist from 100 behaviorally and emotionally disturbed youth. The questionnaire was developed based on literature review. The study found that level electronic bullying among behaviorally and emotionally disturbed youth in Jordan is Moderate. The study also found that there isn’t any statistically significant difference between the levels of electronic bullying among behaviorally and emotionally disturbed youth in Jordan attributed to (gender, education, location). The study recommend that an awareness campaign should be conducted for members of society to avoid bullying. Keywords: Bullying, Social Media, Facebook,Youth DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-19-05 Publication date:July 31st 202

Evaluation of Automated Enforcement Program in Amman

This study aims, in a first attempt, to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Automated Enforcement Program (AEP) to improve traffic safety in Amman, Jordan. The evaluation of the program on crashes and violations was examined based on a “before-and-after” study using the paired t-test at 95 percent confidence level. Twenty one locations including signalized intersections monitored by red light cameras and arterial roads monitored by excessive speed cameras were selected. Nine locations were used to study the effectiveness of the program on violations, and twelve locations were used to determine the effectiveness of the program on frequency and severity of crashes. Data on number and severity of crashes were taken from Jordan Traffic Institution. Among the general findings, it was found that the AEP was generally associated with positive impact on crashes. Crash frequency was significantly reduced by up to 63%. Crash severities were reduced by up to 62.5%. Also, traffic violations were significantly reduced by up to 66%.  Finally, drivers’ opinion and attitude on the program was also analyzed using a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire survey revealed that 35.5% of drivers are unaware of AEP in Amman, 63.9% of drivers don’t know the camera locations, most drivers knew about excessive speed and red light running penalties, most drivers reduce their speed at camera locations, 44.4% of drivers think that the program satisfies its objective in improving traffic safety and 52% of drivers encourage increasing the number of camera devices in Amman

The Rules of Procedure and Evidence in front of International Criminal Courts: a system sui generis

International Criminal Courts have been created to prosecute individuals allegedly accused of specific crimes such as war crimes, genocide, ethnic cleansing, and the judgment of these crimes is only endorsed by these Courts. A lot has been written concerning the procedures of prosecution; however, few jurists have dealt with the rules of evidence. Our goal is to give a thorough knowledge of the method used by those specific legal Institutions in the collecting and the processing of evidence to decide their judgment. In a first part, we have tried to shape a general definition of the notion of 'evidence' in International Criminal Law, bearing in mind that this judicial system is at the same time an internationalized and an independent one. In a second part, the analysis focused on the processing of evidence in trials before the International Criminal Courts, mainly confidentiality of evidence; these must not be shown out of the trial Chamber, all means to bring evidence is possible, the protection of witnesses, and the absolute independence of judges to consider the validity of evidence. The study has emphasized on the newness of this legal system and on the necessity of filling up judicial voids. Key-words: International Criminal Courts, system of evidence, Rules of procedure and evidence, the Statute of Rome, UN Resolutions

The Contradiction of the legal Provisions with the Nature of the Solidarity Company

This article is studying the contradiction of legal provisions provided by the Saudi Companies Regulation (No 6/M/1385H), and its amendments, and the Jordanian Companies Act (No 22/1997M), and its amendments, with the special nature that the solidarity company is characteristic with. The dilemma of this study appears in the case that there are some sorts of provisions that are stipulated in the Saudi Regulation and in the Jordanian Law concerning the special nature of the solidarity company regarding the responsibility of its partners in addition to the situation ‘where a partner shall grant a merchant or trader title’. Moreover, the application of these provisions is seen - in some cases – to lead to a critical situation that concludes to the existence of partners in the company who their responsibilities are not solidarity or personally for the company’s debts and commitments, the matter that is seen contrary to the special nature of this company. This article is divided into three sections; the first dealt with the identification of the special provisions related to partners in the solidarity company; while the second is dealing with the responsibility of partners in the company and the acceptance of new partners; finally, the timeframe of partner’s responsibility. This study has uncovered number of crucial results, where – for example - we concluded that both of the Saudi and Jordanian legislators have stipulated some provisions that do not correspond with the special nature of this company - such as the characteristic of a partner and his entry to the company. In addition, this study reached to number of recommendations, the most important of which were attributed with modification of some special rules in order to be corresponded with the special nature of this company, whether in regard to partners’ characteristics or the number of partners in the company, in addition to the conditions required to the entry of new partners and their responsibilities. Keywords: Solidarity Company, Solidarity responsibility, the role of a partner in the company, the entry of new partners, the withdrawal of partners, the joining of heirs

The Selling of Lien and the selling of Public Share Holding Securities: A Comparative Study between the GCC Unified Civil Procedural Laws, National Civil Procedural Laws of the Countries of the Gulf Co-operation Council and the Jordanian Law

This paper deals with the lien and the selling of the Securities of Public Shareholding Companies. The subject matter of this paper is a comparative study of between the GCC Unified Civil Procedural Laws, National Civil Procedural Laws of the Countries of the Gulf Co-operation Council and the Jordanian Law. This paper is divided in two chapters, chapter one is dealing with the lien of the Securities and chapter two is relating to the selling of the Securities. This paper concludes that the instruction governing the lien of securities is that of the lien of the debtor’s movables in the possession of a third party. However, such instruction is in need of some necessary amendments. Moreover, the paper concludes that the procedures which are governing the selling of debtor’s securities are different from the procedures which are followed in selling the debtor’s movable. This paper suggests that there should be a special legislation deals with the issues of lien and selling of securities taking into consideration the nature of securities, its transferability and the procedures of transferability

The relationship between Information Quality and Organization Strategic Benefit: an Applied Study on Commercial Banks

This research attempted to study and identify the relationship between information quality and organizational strategic benefit, to measure the level of awareness about information quality different dimensions in the commercial banks, and finally provide recommendations regarding information quality role in improving the organizational strategic benefit. In order to achieve the study objectives, and to conduct the research in a systematic approach, a conceptual framework was developed. The key factors of the conceptual framework were proposed in the following factors of information quality: dependability (timeliness and security) and usability (believability, accessibility, ease of operation, reputation, and value added). The primary data had been analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results of the current study indicate that there is a general relationship between information quality and the organization strategic benefit in the commercial banks, and there is a relationship between dependability (timeliness / security) and both the alignment between organizational goals and the information systems, and the improvements in customer relationships. Furthermore, there was a relationship between (believability and reputation) and both the alignment between organizational goals and the information systems, and the improvements in customer relationships. Whereas, there was no relationship between (accessibility, ease of operation, and value added) and both the alignment between organizational goals and the information systems, and the improvements in customer relationships. Researchers are also encouraged to conduct research similar to this study, but using the product aspects of information quality so as to reveal additional relationships that are not evident in this research. Future researches are encouraged to examine the relationship between information quality and organizational strategic benefit in non-for profit companies. Keywords: Information quality, organizational strategic benefit, commercial banks

The OSCAR-MP Consensus Criteria for Quality Assessment of Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive high-resolution imaging technique for assessing the retinal vasculature and is increasingly used in various ophthalmologic, neuro-ophthalmologic, and neurologic diseases. To date, there are no validated consensus criteria for quality control (QC) of OCTA. Our study aimed to develop criteria for OCTA quality assessment. METHODS: To establish criteria through (1) extensive literature review on OCTA artifacts and image quality to generate standardized and easy-to-apply OCTA QC criteria, (2) application of OCTA QC criteria to evaluate interrater agreement, (3) identification of reasons for interrater disagreement, revision of OCTA QC criteria, development of OCTA QC scoring guide and training set, and (4) validation of QC criteria in an international, interdisciplinary multicenter study. RESULTS: We identified 7 major aspects that affect OCTA quality: (O) obvious problems, (S) signal strength, (C) centration, (A) algorithm failure, (R) retinal pathology, (M) motion artifacts, and (P) projection artifacts. Seven independent raters applied the OSCAR-MP criteria to a set of 40 OCTA scans from people with MS, Sjogren syndrome, and uveitis and healthy individuals. The interrater kappa was substantial (κ 0.67). Projection artifacts were the main reason for interrater disagreement. Because artifacts can affect only parts of OCTA images, we agreed that prior definition of a specific region of interest (ROI) is crucial for subsequent OCTA quality assessment. To enhance artifact recognition and interrater agreement on reduced image quality, we designed a scoring guide and OCTA training set. Using these educational tools, 23 raters from 14 different centers reached an almost perfect agreement (κ 0.92) for the rejection of poor-quality OCTA images using the OSCAR-MP criteria. DISCUSSION: We propose a 3-step approach for standardized quality control: (1) To define a specific ROI, (2) to assess the occurrence of OCTA artifacts according to the OSCAR-MP criteria, and (3) to evaluate OCTA quality based on the occurrence of different artifacts within the ROI. OSCAR-MP OCTA QC criteria achieved high interrater agreement in an international multicenter study and is a promising QC protocol for application in the context of future clinical trials and studies