Self-blame Attributions of Patients: a Systematic Review Study

Introduction: Psychological aspects are important issues in patients that will have significant effects on disease progression. A new and important psychological concern is self-blame. This review was performed with the aim of systematic review on studies around patient’s self-blame.Methods: This is a systematic review using international databases including PubMed (since 1950), Scopus (since 2004), Web of Sciences (since 1900), and ProQuest (since 1938) and Iranian databases including SID (since 2004) and Magiran (since 2001). Mesh terms including “patient,” “regret,” and “guilt” and non-Mesh terms including “self-blame attribution,” “characterological self-blame,” “behavioral self-blame,” and “blame” were used in Iranian and international databases with OR and AND operators.Results: The review yielded 59 articles; 15 articles were included in the present study. The ages of patients ranged from 29-68.4 years. Most of studies (86.6%) had cross-sectional design and use characterological self-blame and behavioral self-blame variables for assessing self-blame attributions. The results showed that in most studies, a significant relationship among self-blame and psychological distress, anxiety, and depression were reported.Conclusion: A significant relation was reported between self-blaming and the degree of distress, anxiety, and depression in patients in most of the studies

The effect of education on the anxiety of a family with a patient in critical care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Studies have shown that family members of patients in intensive care units experience high levels of anxiety. Contradictions in the results of the studies conducted regarding the effect of training on the anxiety level of such families, emphasize the necessity of employing other research methods to eliminate these ambiguities. Objective: This study applied meta-analysis to determine the effect of training on the anxiety level of families with patients in the intensive care unit. Methods: In order to find electronically published studies from 1990 to 2016, the articles published in journals indexed in the following databases were used: Elsevier, Scopus, ProQuest, ISI, Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar and Cochrane. For data analysis Stata Software version 11 was used and the heterogeneity index of studies was determined through Cochran (Q) and I2 . Due to the heterogeneity, the random effect model was used to estimate the difference between the standardized mean of anxiety. Results: In this meta-analysis and systematic review article, eight articles were found to be eligible. The number of samples in the initial studies into a meta-analysis included 387 patients in the intervention group and 393 people in the control group. Standardized difference of the mean anxiety score in the intervention group was - 0.329 (CI 95%: -0.756-0.099) units less than that of the control group, indicating that this effect was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis show that training will decline the anxiety level of a family with patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, although the impact is not considerabl

Effects of nonpharmacological interventions on reducing fatigue after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Fatigue is one of the main complaints of patients undergoing allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Since nonpharmacological interventions are cost-effective and causes fewer complications, this study aimed to review the studies performed on the effects of nonpharmacological interventions on fatigue in patients undergoing HSCT during September 2016. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Magiran, and IRANDOC databases were searched using Persian and English keywords. A total of 1217 articles were retrieved, 21 of which were used in this study. Exercise is known as an effective intervention in alleviating physical and mental problems of patients undergoing stem cell transplant. This review-based study showed that nonpharmacological methods such as exercise might be effective in decreasing fatigue in patients undergoing stem cell transplant. There is a multitude of studies on some of the complementary and alternative therapy methods, such as music therapy, yoga, relaxation, and therapeutic massage. These studies demonstrated the positive effects of the aforementioned therapies on reduction of fatigue in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. All the investigated methods in this study were nonaggressive, safe, and cost-effective and could be used along with common treatments or even as an alternative for pharmacological treatments for the reduction, or elimination of fatigue in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Given the advantages of complementary and alternative medicine, conducting further studies on this issue is recommended to reduce fatigue in patients after stem cell transplantation

The Role of Self-Efficacy in Perceived Sensitivity and Severity to COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors

Background and purpose: Self-efficacy is central to behavior, especially preventive behaviors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Identifying the factors that lead to increased self-efficacy in individuals can pave the way for necessary decisions to change the behavior of the society. This study aimed at determining the relationship between people’s self-efficacy and perceived severity and sensitivity to preventive behaviors of Covid-19 in Sari, Iran. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 268 patients attending certain health centers in Sari, 2020.The subjects were selected using convenience sampling. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire was administered online consisting of three sections. Results: The mean age of the study population was 36.81±8.6 years and 17.5% of the patients were confirmed cases of Covid-19. Among the people studied, 81.3% used soap and water to disinfect their hands. There were significant correlations between self-efficacy and perceived severity (B: 0.163, CI 95%: 0.068-0.257) and perceived sensitivity (B: 0.164, CI 95%: 0.060-0.267). Perceived sensitivity and severity also predicted 10% of the variance in self-efficacy. Conclusion: Perceived severity and sensitivity to Covid-19 preventative behaviors could affect people’s self-efficacy

The Students’ Opinion about Islamic Thoughts Courses in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2008-2009

Introduction : Continuous evaluation of Islamic Thoughts courses and revising the course delivery methods are necessary to make the courses more efficient to meet the needs of the youth, and to transmit the Islamic values to the students. Due to the necessity of curriculum evaluation, this study aimed at determining the students’ attitude about the Islamic Thought courses.   Methods: In a descriptive study, the population of students studying in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2008-2009 was involved. Through census sampling, 549 students who had enrolled in Islamic Thoughts courses I and II, took part in the study and filled out a researcher made questionnaire. To analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, chi-square, Kruskal Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests were employed to compare subjects’ viewpoints based on qualitative variables (nominative and ordinal).   Results: The mean age of participants was 20.79 ± 2.59, and 68.9% (378) of the subjects were female. Findings indicated that 87.3% (479) of the students were satisfied with the Islamic Thoughts books, the related instructors, their positive effects on the students, and the university educational planning for these courses. Also, there was no significant difference between students’ opinions regarding their gender and study major.   Conclusion : In spite of positive viewpoints of students toward various aspects of these courses, the negative points should also be acknowledged to eliminate the defects. Since students’ needs are changing, the books and educational methods should be also revised accordingly

Effect of Self-care Training based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Perceived Stigma and Burden of Care in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background and purpose: Stigma and burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia have negative effects on the patient and their families. This research aimed to determine the effect of self-care training based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on perceived stigma and caregiver burden of schizophrenic patients. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial included 80 caregivers of schizophrenia patients in Sari Zare Hospital. Participants in intervention group received self-care training based on ACT in 8 sessions twice a week, while the control group received only routine care. The scores for stigma and care burden were measured in both groups before and after the intervention using Shamsaei stigma questionnaire and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI, 22-item). T-test and paired t-test and descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean changes of the total score for perceived stigma before and after the intervention were found to be significantly different between the intervention group (65.45±6.79) and the control group (80.25±10.34)(P<0.05). Also, intergroup comparison showed a significant difference in mean changes of the total scores for burden of care before and after the intervention between the intervention group (44.35 ± 6.37) and the control group (55.05 ±10.29) (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to current study, self-care training based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy will improve perceived stigma and reduce burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and such non-invasive interventions are recommended. (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT20171203037723N6

Self-blame Attributions of Patients: a Systematic Review Study.

IntroductionPsychological aspects are important issues in patients that will have significant effects on disease progression. A new and important psychological concern is self-blame. This review was performed with the aim of systematic review on studies around patient's self-blame.MethodsThis is a systematic review using international databases including PubMed (since 1950), Scopus (since 2004), Web ofSciences (since 1900), and ProQuest (since 1938) and Irani an databases including SID (since 2004) and Magiran (since 2001). Mesh terms including "patient," "regret," and "guilt" and non-Mesh terms including "self-blame attribution," "characterological self-blame," "behavioral self-blame," and "blame" were used in Iranian and international databases with OR and AND operators.ResultsThe review yielded 59 articles; 15 articles were included in the present study. The ages of patients ranged from 29-68.4 years. Most of studies (86.6%) had cross-sectional design and use characterological self-blame and behavioral self-blame variablesfor assessing self-blame attributions. The results showed that in most studies, a significant relationship among self-blame and psychological distress, anxiety, and depression were reported.ConclusionsA significant relation was reported between self-blaming and the degree of distress, anxiety, and depression in patients in most of the studies

Sleep quality and its correlation with serum c-reactive protein level in hemodialysis patients

Poor sleep quality is a common problem that can potentially predict mortality risk and quality of life in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Also, inflammation is a common feature in HD patients. To determine sleep quality and its correlation with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level in these patients, we studied 132 chronic HD patients in two university-affiliated teaching hospitals in Sari, Iran during September 2010. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was employed to assess the sleep quality of the patients in addition to CRP, albumin, cholesterol, phosphorus and hemoglobin levels. There were 104 (78.7%) patients who suffered from poor sleep quality. A significant correlation was found between serum CRP level and the patients′ sleep quality (P <0.05). There was also a significant correlation between sleep quality and serum phosphorus and albumin levels and body mass index (P <0.05). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation existed between the different components of sleep quality and CRP (P <0.05). We conclude that there is a correlation between decreased sleep quality in HD patients and elevated CRP levels, which may have therapeutic implications