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Ownership structure and new product development in transnational corporations in China
This article is available open access through the publisher’s website at the link below. Copyright @ 2008 United Nations.This paper examines the relationship between the ownership structure
and new product development (NPD) at the affiliates of transnational
corporations in China. Seven research hypotheses are tested on a panel
data set covering 10,000 manufacturing firms with foreign involvement
for the period 1998-2001. The results from probit and tobit models
show that contractual joint ventures, equity joint ventures and joint stock
enterprises are better organizational forms than wholly owned enterprises
for increasing both the probability and intensity of NPD. We also find
that ventures with OECD participation are more likely to be involved in
NPD than those with participation by “overseas” Chinese TNCs
The gravitational field of a global monopole
We present an exact solution to the non-linear equation which describes a
global monopole in the flat space. We re-examine the metric and the geodesics
outside the global monopole. We will see that a global monopole produces a
repulsive gravitational field outside the core in addition to a solid angular
deficit. The lensing property of the global monopole and the global
monopole-antimonopole annihilation mechanism are studied.Comment: 8 pages, no figure
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High-Order Dual-Port Quasi-Absorptive Microstrip Coupled-Line Bandpass Filters
In this article, we present the first demonstration of distributed and symmetrical all-band quasi-absorptive filters that can be designed to arbitrarily high orders. The proposed quasi-absorptive filter consists of a bandpass section (reflective-type coupled-line filter) and absorptive sections (a matched resistor in series with a shorted quarter-wavelength transmission line). Through a detailed analysis, we show that the absorptive sections not only eliminate out-of-band reflections but also determine the passband bandwidth (BW). As such, the bandpass section mainly determines the out-of-band roll-off and the order of the filter can be arbitrarily increased without affecting the filter BW by cascading more bandpass sections. A set of 2.45-GHz one-, two-, and three-pole quasi-absorptive microstrip bandpass filters are designed and measured. The filters show simultaneous input and output absorption across both the passband and the stopband. Measurement results agree very well with the simulation and validate the proposed design concept
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