Towards Precision Muonic X-Ray Measurements of Charge Radii of Light Nuclei

Precision studies of the properties of nuclei are essential both for understanding nuclear physics at low energy, and for confronting experiment and theory in simple atomic systems. Such comparisons advance our understanding of bound-state quantum electrodynamics and are useful for searching for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The energy levels of muonic atoms are highly susceptible to nuclear structure, especially to the RMS charge radius. The radii of the lightest nuclei ($Z=1,2$) have been determined with high accuracy via laser spectroscopy in muonic atoms, while those of medium mass and above, from X-ray spectroscopy with semiconductor detectors. In this communication we present a new experiment aiming at precision measurements of the radii of light nuclei $3 \leq Z \leq 10$ via single-photon energy measurements with cryogenic microcalorimeters; a quantum sensing technology capable of high efficiency and outstanding resolution for low-energy X-rays

Towards Precision Muonic X-ray Measurements of Charge Radii of Light Nuclei

Funding Information: B.O. is thankful for the support of the Council for Higher Education Program for Hiring Outstanding Faculty Members in Quantum Science and Technology. The Kirchhoff Institute for Physics group at Heidelberg University is supported by Field Of Focus II initiative at Heidelberg University. D.U. acknowledges the support by the Research Training Group HighRR (GRK 2058) funded through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG. The work of the KU Leuven group is supported by FWO-Vlaanderen (Belgium), KU Leuven BOF C14/22/104, and European Research Council, grant no. 101088504 (NSHAPE). P.N. acknowledges support from the NSERC Grant No. SAPIN-2022-00019. TRIUMF receives federal funding via a contribution agreement with the National Research Council of Canada. The Lisboa group is supported in part by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT; Portugal) through research center Grant No. UID/FIS/04559/2020 to LIBPhys-UNL. The work of the ETH group was supported by the ETH Research Grant 22-2 ETH-023, Switzerland. Publisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.We, the QUARTET Collaboration, propose an experiment to measure the nuclear charge radii of light elements with up to 20 times higher accuracy. These are essential both for understanding nuclear physics at low energies, and for experimental and theoretical applications in simple atomic systems. Such comparisons advance the understanding of bound-state quantum electrodynamics and are useful for searching for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The energy levels of muonic atoms are highly susceptible to nuclear structure, especially to the mean square charge radius. The radii of the lightest nuclei (with the atomic number, (Formula presented.)) have been determined with high accuracy using laser spectroscopy in muonic atoms, while those of medium mass and above were determined using X-ray spectroscopy with semiconductor detectors. In this communication, we present a new experiment, aiming to obtain precision measurements of the radii of light nuclei (Formula presented.) using single-photon energy measurements with cryogenic microcalorimeters; a quantum-sensing technology capable of high efficiency with outstanding resolution for low-energy X-rays.publishersversionpublishe

An arrowhead made of meteoritic iron from the late Bronze Age settlement of Mörigen, Switzerland and its possible source

A search for artefacts made of meteoritic iron has been performed in archaeological collections in the greater area of the Lake of Biel, Switzerland. A single object made of meteoritic iron has been identified, an arrowhead with a mass of 2.9 g found in the 19th Century in the late Bronze Age (900–800 BCE) lake dwelling of Mörigen, Switzerland. The meteoritic origin is definitely proven by combining methods extended and newly applied to an archaeological artefact. Elemental composition (7.10–8.28 wt% Ni, 0.58–0.86 wt% Co, ∼300 ppm Ge), primary mineralogy consisting of the associated Ni-poor and Ni-rich iron phases kamacite (6.7 wt% Ni) and taenite (33.3 wt% Ni), and the presence of cosmogenic 26Al (1.7−0.4+0.5 dpm/kg). The Ni-rich composition below the oxidized crust and the marked difference to meteorites from the nearby (4–8 km) Twannberg iron meteorite strewn field is confirmed by muon induced X-ray emission spectrometry (8.28 wt% Ni). The Ni-Ge-concentrations are consistent with IAB iron meteorites, but not with the Twannberg meteorite (4.5 wt% Ni, 49 ppm Ge). The measured activity of 26Al indicates derivation from an iron meteorite with a large (2 t minimum) pre-atmospheric mass. The flat arrowhead shows a laminated texture most likely representing a deformed Widmanstätten pattern, grinding marks on the surface and remnants of wood-tar. Among just three large European IAB iron meteorites with fitting chemical composition, the Kaalijarv meteorite (Estonia) is the most likely source because this large crater-forming fall event happened at ∼1500 years BC during the Bronze Age and produced many small fragments. The discovery and subsequent transport/trade of such small iron fragments appears much more likely than in case of buried large meteorite masses. Additional artefacts of the same origin may be present in archaeological collections.ISSN:0305-4403ISSN:1095-923

Muonic x-ray spectroscopy on implanted targets

Muonic x-ray spectroscopy uses muons to obtain information about the structure of the atom and the nucleus. In muonic atoms, the energy levels of atomic orbitals are significantly more sensitive to the finite size correction. By probing these orbitals using x-ray spectroscopy, the nuclear size correction can be extracted, providing valuable input for laser spectroscopy in the form of absolute charge radii with a relative precision better than 10−3. Continuing on developments that allowed measurements on target quantities of about 5 μg, we showed the feasibility of using implanted targets. In the future, this will allow the measurement of absolute charge radii of long-lived radioactive isotopes that are not available in sufficient enrichment or large quantities. In this contribution, we shall report on the target preparation, involving high-fluence implantation, and on the preliminary results of the muX experimental campaign.ISSN:0168-583XISSN:1872-958

Towards Precision Muonic X-Ray Measurements of Charge Radii of Light Nuclei

International audiencePrecision studies of the properties of nuclei are essential both for understanding nuclear physics at low energy, and for confronting experiment and theory in simple atomic systems. Such comparisons advance our understanding of bound-state quantum electrodynamics and are useful for searching for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The energy levels of muonic atoms are highly susceptible to nuclear structure, especially to the RMS charge radius. The radii of the lightest nuclei ($Z=1,2$) have been determined with high accuracy via laser spectroscopy in muonic atoms, while those of medium mass and above, from X-ray spectroscopy with semiconductor detectors. In this communication we present a new experiment aiming at precision measurements of the radii of light nuclei $3 \leq Z \leq 10$ via single-photon energy measurements with cryogenic microcalorimeters; a quantum sensing technology capable of high efficiency and outstanding resolution for low-energy X-rays

Muonic atom spectroscopy with microgram target material

Muonic atom spectroscopy–the measurement of the x rays emitted during the formation process of a muonic atom–has a long standing history in probing the shape and size of nuclei. In fact, almost all stable elements have been subject to muonic atom spectroscopy measurements and the absolute charge radii extracted from these measurements typically offer the highest accuracy available. However, so far only targets of at least a few hundred milligram could be used as it required to stop a muon beam directly in the target to form the muonic atom. We have developed a new method relying on repeated transfer reactions taking place inside a 100 bar hydrogen gas cell with an admixture of 0.25% deuterium that allows us to drastically reduce the amount of target material needed while still offering an adequate efficiency. Detailed simulations of the transfer reactions match the measured data, suggesting good understanding of the processes taking place inside the gas mixture. As a proof of principle we demonstrate the method with a measurement of the 2p-1s muonic x rays from a 5 μ g gold target