Sol–gel based optical carbon dioxide sensor employing dual luminophore referencing for application in food packaging technology

An optical sensor for the measurement of carbon dioxide in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) applications has been developed. It is based on the fluorescent pH indicator 1-hydroxypyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate (HPTS) immobilised in a hydrophobic organically modified silica (ormosil) matrix. Cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide was used as an internal buffer system. Fluorescence is measured in the phase domain by means of the Dual Luminophore Referencing (DLR) sensing scheme which provides many of the advantages of lifetime-based fluorometric sensors and makes it compatible with established optical oxygen sensor technology. The long-term stability of the sensor membranes has been investigated. The sensor displays 13.5 degrees phase shift between 0 and 100% CO2 with a resolution of better than 1% and a limit of detection of 0.08%. Oxygen cross-sensitivity is minimised (0.6% quenching in air) by immobilising the reference luminophore in polymer nano-beads. Cross-sensitivity towards chloride and pH was found to be negligible. Temperature effects were studied, and a linear Arrhenius correlation between ln k and 1/T was found. The sensor is stable over a period of at least seven months and its output is in excellent agreement with a standard reference method for carbon dioxide analysis

A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies: management strategies and economic impact

This systematic review aimed to assess the literature for management strategies and economic impact of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies and to determine the quality of evidence-based management recommendations.The electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE were searched for articles published in English since the 1989 NIH Development Consensus Conference on the Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies until 2008 inclusive. for each article, two independent reviewers extracted information regarding study design, study population, interventions, outcome measures, results, and conclusions.Seventy-two interventional studies met the inclusion criteria. in addition, 49 intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) studies were included as a management strategy aiming for less salivary gland damage. Management guideline recommendations were drawn up for IMRT, amifostine, muscarinic agonist stimulation, oral mucosal lubricants, acupuncture, and submandibular gland transfer.There is evidence that salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies can be prevented or symptoms be minimized to some degree, depending on the type of cancer treatment. Management guideline recommendations are provided for IMRT, amifostine, muscarinic agonist stimulation, oral mucosal lubricants, acupuncture, and submandibular gland transfer. Fields of sparse literature identified included effects of gustatory and masticatory stimulation, specific oral mucosal lubricant formulas, submandibular gland transfer, acupuncture, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, management strategies in pediatric cancer populations, and the economic consequences of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia.Univ Copenhagen, Dept Oral Med Clin Oral Physiol Oral Pathol & Ana, Inst Odontol, Fac Hlth Sci, DK-2200 Copenhagen, DenmarkUniv Groningen, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, NL-9700 RB Groningen, NetherlandsHerlev Univ Hosp, Dept Oncol, DK-2730 Herlev, DenmarkUniv Delaware, Sch Nursing, Coll Hlth Sci, Newark, de 19716 USARoyal Marsden Hosp, Dept Palliat Med, Sutton SM2 5P5, Surrey, EnglandDutilh Inst Reabilitacao Facial Oral, Taquaral, BrazilIndiana Univ, Sch Nursing, Dept Adult Hlth, Indianapolis, in 46202 USAUniv Belgrade, Clin Periodontol & Oral Med, Fac Stomatol, Belgrade 11000, SerbiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Serv Oral Med, IOP, Pediat Oncol Inst GRAACC, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Endocrinol, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Cancer Ctr Oeste Minas Gerais, IPOM, Dept Odontol,Inst Pesquisas Oncol Minas Gerais, Associacao Combate Cancer Ctr Oeste Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, BrazilUniv Michigan, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Hosp Dent, Sch Dent, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAGriffith Univ, Ctr Med & Oral Hlth, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, AustraliaCarolinas Med Ctr, Dept Oral Med, Charlotte, NC 28232 USAHosp Cancer Ctr Oeste Minas Gerais, Dept Oncol & Res, Associacao Combate Cancer Ctr Oeste Minas Gerais, Inst Pesquisas Oncol Minas Gerais,IPOM, Minas Gerais, BrazilHop Reg Sudbury Reg Hosp, Dept Dent, Sudbury Reg Hosp Canc Program, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, CanadaUniv Gothenburg, Dept Oral Immunol & Oral Med, Inst Odontol, Sahlgrenska Acad, S-41390 Gothenburg, SwedenUniv Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Pathol & Diagnost Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USAGreenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USAUniv Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Serv Oral Med, IOP, Pediat Oncol Inst GRAACC, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Endocrinol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies: prevalence, severity and impact on quality of life

This systematic review aimed to assess the literature for prevalence, severity, and impact on quality of life of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies.The electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE were searched for articles published in English since the 1989 NIH Development Consensus Conference on the Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies until 2008 inclusive. Two independent reviewers extracted information regarding study design, study population, interventions, outcome measures, results and conclusions for each article.The inclusion criteria were met by 184 articles covering salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by conventional, 3D conformal radiotherapy or intensity-modulated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients, cancer chemotherapy, total body irradiation/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, radioactive iodine treatment, and immunotherapy.Salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia are induced by radiotherapy in the head and neck region depending on the cumulative radiation dose to the gland tissue. Treatment focus should be on optimized/new approaches to further reduce the dose to the parotids, and particularly submandibular and minor salivary glands, as these glands are major contributors to moistening of oral tissues. Other cancer treatments also induce salivary gland hypofunction, although to a lesser severity, and in the case of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the adverse effect is temporary. Fields of sparse literature included pediatric cancer populations, cancer chemotherapy, radioactive iodine treatment, total body irradiation/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and immunotherapy.Univ Copenhagen, Dept Oral Med Clin Oral Physiol Oral Pathol & Ana, Inst Odontol, Fac Hlth Sci, DK-2200 Copenhagen, DenmarkUniv Groningen, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, NL-9700 RB Groningen, NetherlandsHerlev Univ Hosp, Dept Oncol, DK-2730 Herlev, DenmarkUniv Delaware, Sch Nursing, Coll Hlth Sci, Newark, de 19716 USARoyal Marsden Hosp, Dept Palliat Med, Sutton SM2 5P5, Surrey, EnglandDutilh Inst Reabilitacao Facial Oral, Taquaral, BrazilIndiana Univ, Dept Adult Hlth, Sch Nursing, Indianapolis, in 46202 USAUniv Belgrade, Clin Periodontol & Oral Med, Fac Stomatol, Belgrade 11000, SerbiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Serv Oral Med, IOP Pediat Oncol Inst GRAACC, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Endocrinol, Med Paulista Sch, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Cancer Ctr Oeste Minas Gerais, Associacao Combate ao Cancer Ctr Oeste Minas Gera, Inst Pesquisas Oncol Minas Gerais, IPOM,Dept Odontol, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Michigan, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Hosp Dent, Sch Dent, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAGriffith Univ, Ctr Med & Oral Hlth, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, AustraliaCarolinas Med Ctr, Dept Oral Med, Charlotte, NC 28232 USAUniv Gothenburg, Dept Oral Immunol & Oral Med, Inst Odontol, Sahlgrenska Acad, S-41390 Gothenburg, SwedenUniv Maryland, Dept Pathol & Diagnost Sci, Sch Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USAGreenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USAUniv Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Serv Oral Med, IOP Pediat Oncol Inst GRAACC, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Endocrinol, Med Paulista Sch, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc