122 research outputs found

    Decision-Makersā€™ Generation of Policy Solutions amidst Negative Performance: Invention or Rigidity?

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    Behavioral theory proposes that decision-makers engage in search to identify satisfactory policy solutions to organizational problems. For complex problems, required solutions cannot be identified merely through search, but must be created and designed. While behavioral theory suggests that negative performance will spur creative solution generation, threat-rigidity theory provides a competing view that decision-makersā€™ creative efforts are ultimately thwarted through restricted information processing and constriction of control. We test these competing expectations through a survey-experimental comparison of the creativity of policy solutions in response to negative budgetary performance, generated by a nationally representative sample of local government decision-makers. The findings indicate that negative performance decreases the creativity of policy solutions as rated by policy experts, and reveals that key mechanisms of threat-rigidity theory are at play. This reduced generation of creative policy solutions amidst negative performance places limits on public organizationsā€™ capacity to adapt to adverse circumstances

    Team innovation through collaboration: how visionary leadership spurs innovation via team cohesion

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    Post-bureaucratic, collaborative organizational arrangements possess great potential for innovation, but alignment of the dissimilar goals, values and interests of participants is required. We propose and empirically test how visionary leadership can increase innovation in multidisciplinary teams, by fostering internal team cohesion and external team boundary management. We rely on longitudinal, multi-source data concerning social welfare professionals and their team leaders across 95 teams. Our results show that visionary leadership is positively related to improved team cohesion and team boundary management over time. The positive relationship between vi

    Leading Change in Public Organizations: A study about the role of leadership in the implementation of organizational change in a public sector context

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    __Abstract__ Als overheidsorganisaties veranderingen succesvol willen invoeren, doen ze dat het beste ā€˜bottom-upā€™. In zijn proefschrift ā€˜Leading Change in Public Organizationsā€™ toont Joris van der Voet aan dat overheidsorganisaties geneigd zijn veranderingen in te voeren met een geplande aanpak, maar dat veranderingen die van onderaf worden ingevoerd op meer steun van de medewerkers kunnen rekenen. Verbind daarom ook lagere niveaus van leiderschap meer aan de strategische kwesties van overheidsorganisaties,.aldus Van der Voet. Van der Voet onderzocht op welke manier overheidsorganisaties veranderingen invoeren, wat de rol van leiderschap bij deze veranderingen is, en in hoeverre de gekozen veranderaanpak en het daarbij horende leiderschap resulteren in steun voor de organisatieverandering onder medewerkers. Hij deed vier studies binnen de gemeente Rotterdam, waar in de afgelopen jaren een aantal grootschalige veranderingen doorgevoerd in de gemeentelijke organisatie. Voor het onderzoek zijn interviews afgenomen met 46 huidige en voormalige managers, en hebben 1095 medewerkers een tweetal vragenlijsten ingevuld. De centrale conclusie van het promotieonderzoek is dat overheidsorganisaties voornamelijk proberen te veranderen met een geplande, top-down benadering. De typische kenmerken van overheidsorganisaties, zoals het politiek-bestuurlijke krachtenveld waarvan overheidsorganisaties onderdeel zijn en een hoge mate van bureaucratie, regels en procedures in de organisatie, dwingen deze veranderbenadering af. Hogere managers niet daardoor niet geneigd de touwtjes uit handen te geven, terwijl lagere managers en medewerkers weer niet gewend zijn de leiderschapsrol op zich te nemen. De onderzoeksresultaten laten tegelijkertijd zien dat veranderingen die worden ingevoerd met een emergente, bottom-up benadering zorgen voor meer steun voor de verandering onder medewerkers van de organisatie. Geplande verandering is dus de meest passende veranderaanpak voor publieke organisaties, terwijl verandering van onderaf zorgt voor meer steun onder medewerkers

    Topambtenaren en de crisis

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    __Abstract__ Bezuinigingen op de centrale overheid zijn aan de orde van de dag. Hoe worden zij op organisatieniveau in verschillende Europese landen gerealiseerd? De crisis heeft vanzelfsprekend gevolgen voor publieke organisaties in Nederland. In eerdere jaren waren het vooral private bedrijven die door de crisis werden getroffen. De crisis werd in publieke organisaties aanvankelijk als kans aangegrepen om krapte op de arbeidsmarkt voor gekwalificeerd personeel te verhelpen. Waar de commissie-Van Rijn in 2001 nog waarschuwde voor grootschalige tekorten aan hoogopgeleid personeel in publieke organisaties, is de situatie vandaag bijna tegenovergesteld. De economische crisis, of liever de financiƫle druk als gevolg van de crisis, maakt ingrijpen in overheidsorganisaties noodzakelijk, waarbij ook het personeel niet ontzien wordt. Dit artikel gaat in op bezuinigingen in organisaties in de centrale overheid van twaalf Europese landen (Engeland, Duitsland, Frankrijk, Spanje, Portugal, Italiƫ, Oostenrijk, Noorwegen, Hongarije, Litouwen en Estland). Welke bezuinigingsstrategieƫn worden in verschillende Europese landen gehanteerd, welke bezuinigingsmaatregelen zijn genomen en wat zijn de gevolgen ervan? De analyse is gebaseerd op de percepties van 3555 topambtenaren, waarvan 196 uit Nederland, op het niveau van secretaris-generaal, directeur-generaal, directeur of equivalenten in de centrale overheid. De vergelijking tussen Nederland en de overige Europese landen staat centraal

    When do bureaucrats respond to external demands? A theoretical framework and empirical test of bureaucratic responsiveness

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    Bureaucrats must balance neutral competence with responsiveness to external demands. As external demands are simultaneous and multidimensional, this study analyses bureaucratic responsiveness according to bureaucratic actorsā€™ prioritization decisions. Using a discrete choice experiment followed by qualitative interviews in the context of EU agencies, we investigate to what extent bureaucratic responsiveness depends upon the stakeholder that expresses an external demand (source), the aspect of bureaucratic conduct that is addressed (content), and the presence of adverse media attention (salience). In addition to corroborating prior empirical findings, we provide a novel understanding of bureaucratic responsiveness by showing the way the demandsā€™ source and content affect responsiveness jointly. Across the range of technical, performative, legal-procedural, and moral demands, we identify which stakeholders can impose demands most authoritatively. We also extend previous research by demonstrating that adverse media attention strengthens responsiveness to technical and moral demands, but not to performative and legal-procedural demands

    A behavioral view on responsibility attribution in multi-level governance : Upward and downward responsibility attribution in response to performance below aspirations

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    Multi-level governance systems provide decision-makers with many avenues for external responsibility attribution in response to lacking performance. This study provides a behavioral perspective that examines responsibility attribution to the national government (upward) and policy implementers (downward) as a function of performance relative to decision-makers' aspiration levels. The study proposes that perceived accountability increases the propensity of external responsibility attribution, and that decision-makers' political alignment to actors on other governance levels explains when responsibility is deflected upwards or downwards. Using a survey experiment that presents factual information on youth care overspending to 1086 elected local government officials, the study finds consistent evidence that performance below aspirations increases upward responsibility attribution. Accountability strengthens responsibility attribution for negative performance downward to policy implementers. Finally, responsibility is attributed upward less frequently by decision-makers who are politically aligned with the national government, but information that signals performance below aspirations attenuates this tendency

    Whatā€™s in it for others? The relationship between prosocial motivation and commitment to change among youth care professionals

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    This study assesses the relationship between prosocial motivation and commitment to change among youth care professionals. We draw on personā€“environment fit theory to propose that this relationship is conditional on employeesā€™ perceived meaningfulness of the change for society and clients. Our results confirm the expected positive relationship between prosocial motivation and commitment to change. Our analysis suggests that the moderating relationship between prosocial motivation, client meaningfulness and commitment to change should be understood as a substitutive relationship: both prosocial motivation and client meaningfulness are sufficient conditions, but the presence of both is not a necessary condition for commitment to change

    Relational Job Characteristics and Prosocial Motivation

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    This study examines how changes in relational job characteristics relate to the prosocial motivation of public professionals. Dra

    New Array Approaches to Explore Single Cells Genomes

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    Microarray analysis enables the genome-wide detection of copy number variations and the investigation of chromosomal instability. Whereas array techniques have been well established for the analysis of unamplified DNA derived from many cells, it has been more challenging to enable the accurate analysis of single cell genomes. In this review, we provide an overview of single cell DNA amplification techniques, the different array approaches, and discuss their potential applications to study human embryos
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