Groene keuzes voor de Nederlandse basisindustrie: Klimaatneutrale productie in een circulaire economie

Dit rapport schetst hoe de Nederlandse basisindustrie in 2050 klimaatneutraal en circulair kan produceren. Het is gebaseerd op discussies binnen het Sustainable Industry Lab vanaf medio 2021. De transitie van de basisindustrie is uitdagend, maar de ligging aan de Noordzee en het netwerk van industriële bedrijven, toeleveranciers en kennisinstellingen, maken het plausibel en wenselijk dat Nederland een flinke basisindustrie behoudt. Dat vraagt echter om keuzes, waarover de meningen uiteen lopen. We schetsen daarom ook hoe verschillende sociaal-maatschappelijke toekomstbeelden deze keuzes beïnvloeden

The art of managing energy security risks

Countries thus far realise their energy security predominantly with energy policies (e.g., diversifying the energy mix and suppliers) and their energy security risk instruments mostly address the risk of shortterm supply disruptions. Lack of commercially viable sustainable energies and a renewed concentration of oil and gas supply in the future will reduce the effectiveness of traditional energy policies. Before sustainable energies become widely available, consumer countries are likely to experience increased competition for diversified oil and gas supplies. At the same time, geopolitical enmity shows that energy security will become firmly integrated in the foreign and security policies of a nation. In fact, the current risk landscape is determined by geopolitical rivalry over control of and access to energy-rich regions and by regional risks arising from politico-economic instabilities.energy policy; security of supply; geopolitical rivalry

Twenty years of producer–consumer dialogue

On 22 February 2011, at the extraordinary ministerial meeting in Riyadh, the International Energy Forum (IEF) turned a new page with the adoption of the Charter in which further institutionalisation of energy cooperation among producing, consuming and transit countries was agreed. In its relatively short history, the consumer–producer dialogue can already look back on many important achievements. Many of these have come about in the past ten years. Yet without the confidence building of the early years, none of the achievements would have happened. The dialogue has been nurtured by various countries and has survived because no one party has or has been allowed to claim it as its own or become a vehicle for special interests. In the future, new countries will need to come along to extend the dialogue further. Now entering its third decade, the emphasis on the traditional producing and consuming countries is changing to include new consumers and producers, bringing new dimensions and challenges to the dialogue. The existing international organisations such as OPEC and IEA, whose roots can be traced to developments and events in the 1960s and ’70s, have not been able to accommodate the increasing importance of the energy interests of these newcomers.</p

Twenty years of producer–consumer dialogue

On 22 February 2011, at the extraordinary ministerial meeting in Riyadh, the International Energy Forum (IEF) turned a new page with the adoption of the Charter in which further institutionalisation of energy cooperation among producing, consuming and transit countries was agreed. In its relatively short history, the consumer–producer dialogue can already look back on many important achievements. Many of these have come about in the past ten years. Yet without the confidence building of the early years, none of the achievements would have happened. The dialogue has been nurtured by various countries and has survived because no one party has or has been allowed to claim it as its own or become a vehicle for special interests. In the future, new countries will need to come along to extend the dialogue further. Now entering its third decade, the emphasis on the traditional producing and consuming countries is changing to include new consumers and producers, bringing new dimensions and challenges to the dialogue. The existing international organisations such as OPEC and IEA, whose roots can be traced to developments and events in the 1960s and ’70s, have not been able to accommodate the increasing importance of the energy interests of these newcomers.</p

Escenarios del mañana: sistema geopolítico y petróleo

Las proyecciones de oferta y demanda de petróleo apuntan a que los grandes consumidores tendrán que competir cada vez más por los mismos flujos. ¿Qué marco político y económico regirá esta competencia? ¿Qué nivel de vulnerabilidad presenta la UE