Detection and aerosol treatment of small airway disease in pediatric cystic fibrosis and asthma

Respiratory disease is frequently present in childhood. It can be divided into upper airway disease and lower airway or lung disease. Two important lung diseases in childhood are cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma. They are important because CF is the most common lethal genetic disease in the Caucasian population and asthma is one of the most frequent chronic diseases of childhood, with a prevalence of approximately 10% of children in the West

Driver's situation awareness during supervision of automated control - comparison between SART and SAGAT measurement techniques

Systems enabling to drive automatically are being introduced on the market. When using this technology, drivers are in need for interfaces which support them with supervision of the automated control. Assessment of Situation Awareness (SA) which drivers are able to gain while using such interfaces, is important. Based on comparison between SART and SAGAT measurement techniques within a simulator study, the test set-up presented in this paper suggests to be successful in providing a coherent test-bed with relevant situations to assess the level of SA drivers gain when involved in supervision of automated control and while using different types of feedback

rem • press twenty one years on

A dialogue between Karlien Van-Den-Beukel and Lucy Sheerman on the work and impact of rem press (Rempress), a Cambridge small press specialising in experimental women's poetry

An assisted driver model. Towards developing driver assistance systems by allocating support dependent on driving situations

Partially automated driving is expected to increase traffic efficiency. How-ever, automation causes human factors concerns. One concern is the reduced operability during transitions between automation level, e.g. when failures occur. These concerns ask for a more justifiable implementation of automation for automobile appliances. As a first step towards applicable solutions for driver support, we developed the assisted driver model. The attempt with this model was to answer: what driving situations are in need for what kind of support? The influence of different levels of automation on task performance, were used to define 7 recommended support types relevant for driver assistance. For the allocation of recommended support types to distinguished driving situations we then considered the prerequisites to provide good operability in terms of the avoidance of errors and familiarity with driving circumstances. An assessment of adaptive cruise con-trol showed the model‟s potential to help developing advanced driver assistance systems whilst anticipating concerns associated with the appliance of partial automation

License to Supervise:Influence of Driving Automation on Driver Licensing

To use highly automated vehicles while a driver remains responsible for safe driving, places new – yet demanding, requirements on the human operator. This is because the automation creates a gap between drivers’ responsibility and the human capabilities to take responsibility, especially for unexpected or time-critical transitions of control. This gap is not being addressed by current practises of driver licensing. Based on literature review, this research collects drivers’ requirements to enable safe transitions in control attuned to human capabilities. This knowledge is intended to help system developers and authorities to identify the requirements on human operators to (re)take responsibility for safe driving after automation

Morphology and size of stem cells from mouse and whale: Observational study

Abstract Objective To compare the morphology and size of stem cells from two mammals of noticeably different body size. Design Observational study. Setting The Netherlands. Participants A humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) and a laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). Main outcome measures Morphology and size of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue. Results Morphologically, mesenchymal stem cells of the mouse and whale are indistinguishable. The average diameter of 50 mesenchymal stem cells from the mouse was 28 (SD 0.86) μm and 50 from the whale was 29 (SD 0.71) μm. The difference in cell size between the species was not statistically significant. Although the difference in bodyweight between the species is close to two million-fold, the mesenchymal stem cells of each were of similar size. Conclusions The mesenchymal stem cells of whales and mice are alike, in both morphology and size