Eniotorin, An Anti-Malarial Coumarin From The Root Bark Of Quassia undulate

The chloroform soluble portion of methanolic extract of the root bark of Quassia undulata Simaroubaceae, gave four compounds: scopoletin 1, glaucarubinone 2, 15-desacetylundulatone 3 and a new coumarin, eniotorin 4. The structures were determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data. The aqueous extract and the isolated compounds exhibited dose-related effect against the P. falciparum malaria parasite in an in-vitro antimalarial assay. Key words: Eniotorin, Quassia undulata, Simaroubaceae, anti-malaria, simaroubaceae. Nig. J. Nat. Prod. and Med. Vol.8 2004: 69-7

The Effect Of Tetracera potatoria And Its Constituent Betulinic Acid On Gastric Acid Secretion And Experimentally- Induced Gastric Ulceration

This study was designed to examine possible antiulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract of Tetracera potatoria (MeTp) and betulinic acid isolated from it. Results showed that various doses of the extract (100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced experimentally induced gastric ulceration in pretreated animals in a dose-dependent fashion. Similarly, animals pretreated with 1 (0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg body weight) had significant reduction in mean ulcer indices recorded (

A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands.

We discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log <sub>10</sub> increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence