Griekse drama in die moderne wêreld

My onderwerp is deel van wat dikwels beskou word as die jongste vertakking van die studie van die antieke wêreld — die studie van die resepsie van die antieke. Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe later omgegaan is met tekste of voorwerpe uit die Klassieke oudheid. Soos my titel, ‘Griekse drama in die moderne wêreld’, aandui, fokus ek op ’n spesifieke deel van die letterkunde van die antieke Grieke, naamlik drama

The social creation of a legal reality : a study of the emergence and acceptance of the British patent system as a legal instrument for the control of new technology

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D36016/81 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

GYGES AND KANDAULES IN ANCIENT AND MODERN LITERATURE

The intriguing story of how Gyges came to succeed Kandaules as king of Lydia in 685 B.C. is told as historical fact by Herodotus in Historiae 1.8-12. In addition to the account of Herodotus, Plato in Republic 2.359d-360b includes the tale of a shepherd called Gyges who finds a ring which renders him invisible and enables him to usurp the throne. This, as will be shown below, refers to the same historical episode and has often been combined with Herodotus' version by later writers. In spite of its kernel of historical veracity, this story has been handled in later literature as if it were mythological. Like many Greek myths it has provided inspiration for later writers in a variety of genres. 1 It is the purpose of this paper to examine how Jean La Fontaine in seventeenth-century France, Theophile Gautier in nineteenth-century France, Friedrich Hebbel in nineteenth-century Germany, Andre Gide at the start of the twentieth century in France and Anthony Powell in the second half of the twentieth century in England, have each made use of this story in the creation of a particular work of literature

The need for a better understanding of our judiciary has never been greater

Judges sometimes disagree. What if the Supreme Court is split in its judgment on the appeal hearing on the prorogation of Parliament? With 11 Supreme Court Justices sitting in this case, that could easily happen. Will Justices who find that the Prime Minister acted unlawfully in procuring the suspension of Parliament be labelled as ‘Remainers’ or even ‘Enemies of the People’, language which the Daily Mail notoriously resorted to in 2016? Could those who reach the opposite conclusion perhaps be portrayed as ‘Leavers’ who prefer to stand aside while the government pursues its Brexit policy without parliamentary scrutiny for five weeks? We should not divide the Supreme Court into Leavers and Remainers, argues Jan van Zyl Smit. The need for a better public understanding of our judiciary has never been greater

THE RECEPTION OF GREEK TRAGEDY IN THE “OLD” AND THE “NEW” SOUTH AFRICA

Reception studies in Classics are, as Lorna Hardwick (2003:iii) remarks in the preface to her recently published survey, changing rapidly. They include the study of translations, adaptations and performances of ancient Greek and Latin texts. This article concentrates on the reception of only one genre of Greek literature in South Africa and cannot pretend to deal with it exhaustively. Nevertheless the examination of a substantial number of translations, adaptations and productions of Greek tragedies in this country in the twentieth century reveals a continuing fascination with these classics. It also discloses aspects of the social, cultural and political circumstances of the milieu in which they were reinterpreted

medEia – A SOUTH AFRICAN MEDEA AT THE START OF THE 21ST CENTURY

Medea is ubiquitous on the stages of the modern world. From Greece and continental Europe, the British Isles and North America the unforgettable protagonist of Euripides’ tragedy has travelled further, to South America, Japan and as far as South Africa

Factors affecting severity of injury in allergic renal disease

Experimental studies of nephrotoxic nephritis in animals have demonstrated many of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms involved in human glomerulonephritis. The first part of this thesis reviews the literature with regard to the factors and mechanisms responsible for the causation of glomerulonephritis and those factors which determine severity and allow for its persistence. In order to study these mechanisms, a reproducible model of nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) in rabbits was established. This disease is produced by the intravenous injection of nephrotoxic serum, raised in sheep, containing antibodies to rabbit glomerular basement membrane. In a second group of experiments, the induction of an acute phase response in rabbits by the subcutaneous injection of a local irritant was studied. It was characterised by changes in C-reactive protein (CRP), the third component of complement (C3), fibrinogen and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN' s), however renal function and renal histology were not affected in any way. When the so called heterologous phase of NTN in rabbits was induced during maximal acute phase stimulation, it did not result in enhancement of injury when compared to unstimulated rabbits. A similar situation was found during 7 the autologous phase, where a superimposed acute phase stimulus again did not cause enhancement of injury. Despite the fact that CRP has been shown to localize in injured tissue under certain circumstances, it did not fix in the kidneys of rabbits with induced NTN, nor in human kidneys affected by a variety of glomerulonephritides. The reasons for the variation in severity of disease during the autologous phase were analysed. Rabbits which developed severe glomerulonephritis during· the autologous phase of NTN characteristically produced high titres of rabbit anti-sheep antibody early in the disease when compared to those which did not develop injury, even though they might ultimately have developed the same titre of antibodies. One of the major determinants of injury appears to have been the rate at which antibody bound to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Studies during the heterologous phase confirmed this impression when it was shown that nephrotoxic globulin (NTG) given slowly, produced less injury than when the same amount was infused fast. This observation also suggested that the effector function of immunoglobulin decays much more rapidly than was previously thought. Finally, a mechanism of "protection" from injury by circulating antibody was shown by the phenomenon of "saturation" of available antibody binding sites on the 8 glomerular basement membrane which appeared to limit the deposition of further circulating antibody thus preventing further damage. These studies have advanced the understanding of human glomerulonephritis by illustrating how variation in immune responsiveness may contribute to the development of disease. They suggest that something inherent in infections, other than merely an acute phase response, is responsible for infection induced relapse in certain cases of allergic renal disease. By demonstrating a mechanism of “protection" from the effect of circulating antibodies, these studies suggest that therapy directed towards blocking of available antigenic sites on the human glomerular basement membrane, may become a therapeutic reality

THE AMOROUS QUEEN AND THE COUNTRY BUMPKIN: CLYTAEMESTRA AND EGISTUS IN DRACONTIUS’ ORESTIS TRAGOEDIA

This paper investigates the depiction of Clytaemestra and Egistus in the narrative poem of the North African poet, Dracontius. A close reading of the Latin epyllion explores the similarities and differences between this Clytaemestra and Egistus and their representation in the Greek and Roman tradition

MEDEA AND APARTHEID

Since the time of the ancient Greeks themselves, Greek myth and dramas based on Greek myth have continued to provide inspiration to authors and artists. In the case of the Medea myth, Euripides' adaptation in his famous tragedy, first produced at the Great Dionysia in Athens in 431 BC, proved to be so successful that he may be said to have created a new standard version of the Medea myth which was recognized by all subsequent artists who made use of the myth.

Cigarette smoke and human pulmonary immune responses to mycobacteria

Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that up to 15% of worldwide tuberculosis (TB) cases may be attributable to tobacco smoking. The aim of the studies reported here was to gain insights into the effects of exposure to cigarette smoke on human cells that form part of the innate immune system of host defence in the lung. The experiments on the pulmonary effects of cigarette smoke confirm that exposure has a significant effect upon innate host defences. Significant reductions in the production of key cytokines implicated in defences against mycobacteria were observed, not attributable to impairment of mycobacterial uptake by cigarette smoke extract exposure. Furthermore, control of intracellular mycobacterial growth was impaired by cigarette smoke extract exposure