Tien eeue leksikografie: Van woordelys tot woordeboek

Ten centuries of lexicography: From vocabulary list to dictionaryThe aim of the article is to illuminate the development in the lexicography of Biblical Hebrew through ten centuries from the first vocabularly list to a dictionary based on linguistic, comparative Semitic and encyclopedic principles. The writer treats several stages through the Middle Ages, the Reformation period, the Enlightenment and the Twentieth century up to a contemporary project of South African scholars working on a new Semantic Hebrew 'wordbook'. The conclusion in the article is that the nature of a specific dictionary or vocabularly list, for example philological, theological or linguistic, serves particular, legitimate needs

The role of perineural invasion in predicting survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer: a systematic review

Perineural invasion is a clear route for cancer cell spread however, the role of nerves in cancer progression is relatively unknown. Recent work would suggest that nerves can actively infiltrate the tumour microenvironment and stimulate cancer cell growth. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to systematically review the identification and associations of perineural invasion and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer. From initial search results of 912 articles, 38 studies were selected. Using H&E stains; five studies including 1835 patients reported on survival stratified by perineural invasion in colon cancer with weighted average detection rates of 26%; eleven studies including 3837 patients reported on rectal cancer with weighted average detection rates of 25% and; sixteen studies including 9145 patients reported on survival stratified by perineural invasion in colorectal cancer with weighted average detection rates of 17%. Using special techniques (S100), six studies including 1458 patients reported on the identification of perineural invasion in colorectal cancer. In comparison to H&E staining alone, the use of immunohistochemistry with S100 increased the detection of perineural invasion to approximately 70%. However, those studies did not examine the relationship with outcomes, so further research is required to establish the clinical significance of perineural invasion detected by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, perineural invasion deserves special attention for improved prognostic stratification in patients with colorectal cancer. Further work is required to standardise pathology assessment and reporting of perineural invasion, in particular its definition, use of special stains and routine inclusion in pathology practice. Reliable assessment is required for investigations into mechanisms of perineural invasion, its role tumour spread and prognostic value

“God and the gods”: Faith and human-made idols in the theology of Karl Barth

The First Commandment played an important role in the theology of Karl Barth. His personal obedience to this commandment contributed to his realization that one cannot be comfortable with the Liberal theology of the early twentieth century and accept the theological thinking that supported National Socialism. The First Commandment opened his eyes to see the idols, worldviews, ideologies and evil of his lifetime. The First Commandment is always in the background of his theology that concentrates on God’s revelation in Jesus Christ. Only two of his lectures specifically concentrated on the First Commandment, only one of which was published. Barth, understood the First Commandment as an axiom of theology. It is self-evident; a cornerstone and critical guideline for any theology that is built upon the biblical message. The article argues that if this aspect of Barth’s theology received attention in the Nederduitsch Hervormde Church, we would most probably have been saved from the conflicts concerning the ideology of apartheid and the “people’s church”

Teacher Participation In Stress Management Through Different Theoretical Lenses: A Study Conducted In The Mahikeng Area

The purpose of the research reported in this article was to place the known facts of the topic of teacher participation in stress management in the context of management and leadership in education. The emphasis in the conceptual and theoretical framework was on showing points of connection between leadership and management on the one hand and stress on the other. The investigation focused on how theoretical points of departure impact on teachers and how teachers experience stress through participation or non-participation in school management. The theoretical investigation was followed by a quantitative investigation by using a structured questionnaire known as the ASSET tool (An Organisational Stress Screening Tool) developed by Carthwright and Cooper. The main objective of the questionnaire was to measure potential exposure to stress in respect of common workplace stressors. The instrument was used to conduct a survey amongst teachers in the Mahikeng area. It was found that although there are many examples of how aspects of the different theories can be applied in the practice of stress management, the reality is that managerial leadership still features strongly in schools and that, in many instances, transformational and distributed leadership does not provide realistic alternatives to stress management theories in schools

Nog steeds geslote eredienste? Deel 1

This paper - in two parts - deals with the question of whether the NederduitschHervormde Church should continue being a church for white persons only. The author argues that this practice is not according to biblical teachings, and at the same time, that it will be unwise to continue it under the future sociopolitical circumstances in South Africa. He therefore calls on the Nederduitsch Hervormde Church to abandon this practice as it will bring the church into conflict with its own theologicaltradition

Leaderships Role In Effective Implementation Of School Discipline Policies

Discipline is an important aspect of the life of any school. Learning and teaching can only take place effectively in a disciplined environment. In South Africa, discipline policies might not have been effectively implemented due to inadequate sources, lack of commitment and training of school leaders. A qualitative research design was utilized for the investigation on which this article is based. The research consisted of two phases. First, group interviews were conducted with 27 B Ed Honours students; thereafter, individual interviews were conducted with a total of six students selected by purposive sampling. The results seem to suggest that the broader school community should be taken on board to ensure effective discipline policy implementation. The correct legal sources should furthermore be employed in the process of developing school policies. School leaders need thorough training for the development and implementation of discipline policies. Several measures are suggested for the effective introduction of disciplinary policies, among others, that school leadership should play a (more) active role; specifically the principals of schools should be willing to share their knowledge on the implementation of school disciplinary policies with other members of the school leadership

A concrete matrix field description of some Galois fields

AbstractWe provide a concrete description of some factor rings of the polynomial ring k[X], k a field, as fields of matrices, namely of the factor rings k[X]/(Xn−X−1) for which n is such that the polynomial Xn−X−1 is irreducible in k[X]. These factor rings include the Galois fields GF(pn) for which Xn−X−1 is irreducible in Zp[X]. Both MAGMA and MAPLE show that there are many such fields

Histamine and Tyramine Content of South African Wine

The histamine content of 184 wines and tyramine content of 156 wines, produced in South Africa was measured. The histamine and tyramine content of the wine was found to be similar to those of wines produced in other countries. The average histamine content of South African red wines that had undergone malo-lactic fermentation was more than double that of red wines that had not undergone malo-lactic fermentation. All the red wines containing relatively large amounts of histamine had pH's above 3, 7. Six selected strains of malo-lactic bacteria were tested for their ability to form histamine and tyramine in white and red wine. No histamine or tyramine was formed

Prevalence of succinate dehydrogenase deficiency in paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town: a retrospective review

Introduction: A substantial proportion of phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas are associated with underlying germline mutations, of which the majority are due to mutations in one of the genes in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex. A commercially available immunohistochemical stain for SDHB has excellent correlation with SDH gene mutation status when staining is lost. This abnormal loss of staining can identify potential familial tumours and tumours with a higher risk of malignant behaviour. The prevalence of SDH deficiency in the South African setting has not been published previously.Methods: A retrospective laboratory-based study at Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town used immunohistochemistry on archived tumour tissue to assess loss of SDHB staining in phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas submitted to the histopathology laboratory (National Health Laboratory Service) between 2005 and 2015.Results: Tumour tissue from 52 patients was tested. In total, 36% showed loss of staining. Loss of staining was significantly correlated with a younger age at presentation (z = −3.59, p < 0.001). The median age of those who showed loss of staining was 26 years (IQR 21–41), compared with 50.5 years (IQR 36–61) for those who showed retained staining. The interobserver agreement in the interpretation of the immunohistochemical stain was excellent (Cohen’s kappa = 0.917; 95% confidence interval, 0.81–1, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Approximately one-third of phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas in our setting are likely to be associated with germline mutations in one of the SDH genes. Immunohistochemical testing of tumour tissue can identify this group to allow better prognostication and appropriate genetic testing and counselling