Connecting repeating and non-repeating fast radio bursts via their energy distributions

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extremely energetic, millisecond-duration radio flashes that reach Earth from extragalactic distances. Broadly speaking, FRBs can be classified as repeating or (apparently) non-repeating. It is still unclear, however, whether the two types share a common physical origin, differing only in their activity rate. Here we report on an unprecedented observing campaign that targeted one hyperactive repeating source, FRB 20201124A, for more than $2000~\mathrm{hr}$ using four $25-32\mathrm{-m}$ class radio telescopes. In total, we detect $46$ high-energy bursts, many more than one would expect given previous observations of lower-energy bursts using larger radio telescopes. We find a high-energy burst distribution that resembles that of the non-repeating FRB population, suggesting that apparently non-repeating FRB sources may simply be the rarest bursts from repeating sources. We also discuss how FRB 20201124A contributes strongly to the all-sky FRB rate and how similar sources would be observable even at very high redshift.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures. Submitted, comments welcom

Clinical and electrophysiological features of SCN8A variants causing episodic or chronic ataxia

BACKGROUND: Variants in SCN8A are associated with a spectrum of epilepsies and neurodevelopmental disorders. Ataxia as a predominant symptom of SCN8A variation has not been well studied. We set out to investigate disease mechanisms and genotype-phenotype correlations of SCN8A-related ataxia. METHODS: We collected genetic and electro-clinical data of ten individuals from nine unrelated families carrying novel SCN8A variants associated with chronic progressive or episodic ataxia. Electrophysiological characterizations of these variants were performed in ND7/23 cells and cultured neurons. FINDINGS: Variants associated with chronic progressive ataxia either decreased Na + current densities and shifted activation curves towards more depolarized potentials (p.Asn995Asp, p.Lys1498Glu and p.Trp1266Cys) or resulted in a premature stop codon (p.Trp937Ter). Three variants (p.Arg847Gln and biallelic p.Arg191Trp/p.Asp1525Tyr) were associated with episodic ataxia causing loss-of-function by decreasing Na + current densities or a hyperpolarizing shift of the inactivation curve. Two additional episodic ataxia-associated variants caused mixed gain- and loss-of function effects in ND7/23 cells and were further examined in primary murine hippocampal neuronal cultures. Neuronal firing in excitatory neurons was increased by p.Arg1629His, but decreased by p.Glu1201Lys. Neuronal firing in inhibitory neurons was decreased for both variants. No functional effect was observed for p.Arg1913Trp. In four individuals, treatment with sodium channel blockers exacerbated symptoms. INTERPRETATION: We identified episodic or chronic ataxia as predominant phenotypes caused by variants in SCN8A. Genotype-phenotype correlations revealed a more pronounced loss-of-function effect for variants causing chronic ataxia. Sodium channel blockers should be avoided under these conditions. FUNDING: BMBF, DFG, the Italian Ministry of Health, University of Tuebingen

A state-of-the-art review of curve squeal noise: Phenomena, mechanisms, modelling and mitigation

[EN] Curve squeal is an intense tonal noise occurring when a rail vehicle negotiates a sharp curve. The phenomenon can be considered to be chaotic, with a widely differing likelihood of occurrence on different days or even times of day. The term curve squeal may include several different phenomena with a wide range of dominant frequencies and potentially different excitation mechanisms. This review addresses the different squeal phenomena and the approaches used to model squeal noise; both time-domain and frequency-domain approaches are discussed and compared. Supporting measurements using test rigs and field tests are also summarised. A particular aspect that is addressed is the excitation mechanism. Two mechanisms have mainly been considered in previous publications. In many early papers the squeal was supposed to be generated by the so-called falling friction characteristic in which the friction coefficient reduces with increasing sliding velocity. More recently the mode coupling mechanism has been raised as an alternative. These two mechanisms are explained and compared and the evidence for each is discussed. Finally, a short review is given of mitigation measures and some suggestions are offered for why these are not always successful.Squicciarini, G.; Thompson, D.; Ding, B.; Baeza González, LM. (2018). A state-of-the-art review of curve squeal noise: Phenomena, mechanisms, modelling and mitigation. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. 139:3-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73411-8_1S341139Anderson, D., Wheatley, N., Fogarty, B., Jiang, J., Howie, A., Potter, W.: Mitigation of curve squeal noise in Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia. In: Conference on Railway Engineering. pp. 625–636, Perth, Australia (2008)Hanson, D., Jiang, J., Dowdell, B., Dwight, R.: Curve squeal: causes, treatments and results. 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Deep sequencing reveals the complex and coordinated transcriptional regulation of genes related to grain quality in rice cultivars

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Milling yield and eating quality are two important grain quality traits in rice. To identify the genes involved in these two traits, we performed a deep transcriptional analysis of developing seeds using both massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) and sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS). Five MPSS and five SBS libraries were constructed from 6-day-old developing seeds of Cypress (high milling yield), LaGrue (low milling yield), Ilpumbyeo (high eating quality), YR15965 (low eating quality), and Nipponbare (control).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The transcriptomes revealed by MPSS and SBS had a high correlation co-efficient (0.81 to 0.90), and about 70% of the transcripts were commonly identified in both types of the libraries. SBS, however, identified 30% more transcripts than MPSS. Among the highly expressed genes in Cypress and Ilpumbyeo, over 100 conserved <it>cis </it>regulatory elements were identified. Numerous specifically expressed transcription factor (TF) genes were identified in Cypress (282), LaGrue (312), Ilpumbyeo (363), YR15965 (260), and Nipponbare (357). Many key grain quality-related genes (i.e., genes involved in starch metabolism, aspartate amino acid metabolism, storage and allergenic protein synthesis, and seed maturation) that were expressed at high levels underwent alternative splicing and produced antisense transcripts either in Cypress or Ilpumbyeo. Further, a time course RT-PCR analysis confirmed a higher expression level of genes involved in starch metabolism such as those encoding ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and granule bound starch synthase I (GBSS I) in Cypress than that in LaGrue during early seed development.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study represents the most comprehensive analysis of the developing seed transcriptome of rice available to date. Using two high throughput sequencing methods, we identified many differentially expressed genes that may affect milling yield or eating quality in rice. Many of the identified genes are involved in the biosynthesis of starch, aspartate family amino acids, and storage proteins. Some of the differentially expressed genes could be useful for the development of molecular markers if they are located in a known QTL region for milling yield or eating quality in the rice genome. Therefore, our comprehensive and deep survey of the developing seed transcriptome in five rice cultivars has provided a rich genomic resource for further elucidating the molecular basis of grain quality in rice.</p

De profeet Amos

J. van Ruiten, “De profeet Amos,” in Dichter bij de profeten (ed. Jan Roest; Olterterperkring, cursusjaar 1999 - 2000, verslag cursus b; Drachten 2000), 19-36.

Overdrachtsmetingen en emissievergelijkingen in het kader van ICG-onderzoek RL-04

De invloed van de omgeving kan aanleiding geven tot overdrachtsverschillen bij de bepaling van de geluidemissie van treinen. Aan de hand van overdrachtsmetingen is het mogelijk om per meetlocatie voor deze verschillen te corrigeren. Een aantal van de overige factoren die van invloed zijn op de gemeten geluidemissie worden hier besproken zoals het type bovenbouwconstructie, de loopvlakkwaliteiten en de niveautoename tijdens het remmen. Aan de hand van deze gegevens worden de bronsterkten voor de rekenmethode railverkeer aangepast. De overdrachtsmetingen en de emissievergelijkingen in dit onderzoek leveren een aantal aanwijzingen op voor verbetering van het emissiemeetvoorschrift. Eén ervan is het meten met een microfoon onder de trein. Er is aangetoond dat het geluidniveau onder de trein voldoende correleert met het geluidniveau dat op enige afstand van de trein wordt gemeten