503 research outputs found
Local Surface Density of the Galactic Disk from a 3-D Stellar Velocity Sample
We have re-estimated the surface density of the Galactic disk in the solar
neighborhood within 0.4 kpc of the Sun using parallaxes and proper
motions of a kinematically and spatially unbiased sample of 1476 old bright red
giant stars from the Hipparcos catalog with measured radial velocities from
Barbier-Brossat & Figon (2000). We determine the vertical distribution of the
red giants as well as the vertical velocity dispersion of the sample, (14.4
0.26 km/sec), and combine these to derive the surface density of
gravitating matter in the Galactic disk as a function of the galactic
coordinate . The surface density of the disk increases from 10.5 0.5
/ pc within 50 pc to 42 6 / pc
within 350 pc. The estimated volume density of the galactic disk within
50 pc is about 0.1 / pc which is close to the volume
density estimates of the observed baryonic matter in the solar neighborhood.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures, AJ in pres
Electrochemistry of potentially bioreductive alkylating quinones : Part 1. Electrochemical properties of relatively simple quinones, as model compounds of mitomycin- and aziridinylquinone-type antitumour agents
The influence of methyl-, hydroxy and amino substituents on the electrochemical behaviour of simple 1,4-naphtho-and 1,4-benzoquinones, model compounds of many quinoid antitumour agents, in aqueous media was studied. Significant changes in electrochemical behaviour were observed, potentially the result of a change in the electron density of the quinone moiety, pre- or post-protonation of substituents, hydrogen bond formation, tautomerization reactions and steric interactions between the quinone moiety and substituents. The information obtained was of benefit in the elucidation of the reduction mechanisms of quinoid antitumour agents such as aziridnylquinones and mitomycins
Anisotropic interactions of a single spin and dark-spin spectroscopy in diamond
The nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) center in diamond is a promising atomic-scale
system for solid-state quantum information processing. Its spin-dependent
photoluminescence has enabled sensitive measurements on single N-V centers,
such as: electron spin resonance, Rabi oscillations, single-shot spin readout
and two-qubit operations with a nearby 13C nuclear spin. Furthermore, room
temperature spin coherence times as long as 58 microseconds have been reported
for N-V center ensembles. Here, we have developed an angle-resolved
magneto-photoluminescence microscopy apparatus to investigate the anisotropic
electron spin interactions of single N-V centers at room temperature. We
observe negative peaks in the photoluminescence as a function of both magnetic
field magnitude and angle that are explained by coherent spin precession and
anisotropic relaxation at spin level anti-crossings. In addition, precise field
alignment unmasks the resonant coupling to neighboring dark nitrogen spins that
are not otherwise detected by photoluminescence. The latter results demonstrate
a means of investigating small numbers of dark spins via a single bright spin
under ambient conditions.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Computerized cyclic voltammetric detection after HPLC of the antineoplastic agents etoposide, teniposide, adriamycin and its metabolite adriamycinol in urine samples
A computerized electrochemical detection system for application
after HPLC, provided with a cyclic voltammetric oxidative and
reductive module, is described for the on-line qualitative determination
of electroactive antineoplastic agents and metabolites in urine
samples, collected from cancer patients, following intravenous
administration
A new, kinematically anomalous HI component in the spiral galaxy NGC 2403
We discuss new, high sensitivity HI observations of the spiral galaxy NGC2403
which show extended emission at anomalous velocities with respect to the `cold'
disk. This `anomalous' gas component (~1/10 of the total HI mass) is probably
located in the region of the halo and rotates more slowly (~20-50 km/s) than
the gas in the disk. Moreover, it shows a distortion in the velocity field that
we interpret as a large-scale radial motion (10-20 km/s inflow) towards the
centre of the galaxy. The most likely explanation for its origin and kinematics
seems to be that of a galactic fountain. There is, however, a significant part
of the anomalous gas which seems to be moving contrary to rotation and is
difficult to understand in such a picture. These anomalous gas complexes
discovered in NGC 2403 may be analogous to the High Velocity Clouds of our
Galaxy. They may be rather common in spiral galaxies and not have been detected
yet for lack of sensitivity.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Bipolar-Hyper-Shell Galactic Center Statrburst Model: Further Evidence from ROSAT Data and New Radio and X-ray Simulations
Using the all-sky ROSAT soft X-ray and 408-MHz radio continuum data, we show
that the North Polar Spur and its western and southern counter-spurs draw a
giant dumbbell-shape necked at the galactic plane. We interpret these features
as due to a shock front originating from a starburst 15 million years ago with
a total energy of the order of ergs or type II
supernovae. We simulate all-sky distributions of radio continuum and soft X-ray
intensities based on the bipolar-hyper-shell galactic center starburst model.
The simulations can well reproduce the radio NPS and related spurs, as well as
radio spurs in the tangential directions of spiral arms. Simulated X-ray maps
in 0.25, 0.75 and 1.5 keV bands reproduce the ROSAT X-ray NPS, its western and
southern counter-spurs, and the absorption layer along the galactic plane. We
propose to use the ROSAT all-sky maps to probe the physics of gas in the
halo-intergalactic interface, and to directly date and measure the energy of a
recent Galactic Center starburst.Comment: To appear in ApJ, Latex MS in ApJ macro, 8 figures in jpg (original
quality ps figs available on request
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