A low-power native NMOS-based bandgap reference operating from −55°C to 125°C with Li-Ion battery compatibility

Summary The paper describes the implementation of a bandgap reference based on native-MOSFET transistors for low-power sensor node applications. The circuit can operate from −55°C to 125°C and with a supply voltage ranging from 1.5 to 4.2 V. Therefore, it is compatible with the temperature range of automotive and military-aerospace applications, and for direct Li-Ion battery attach. Moreover, the circuit can operate without any dedicated start-up circuit, thanks to its inherent single operating point. A mathematical model of the reference circuit is presented, allowing simple portability across technology nodes, with current consumption and silicon area as design parameters. Implemented in a 55-nm CMOS technology, the voltage reference achieves a measured average (maximum) temperature coefficient of 28 ppm/°C (43 ppm/°C) and a measured sample-to-sample variation within 57 mV, with a current consumption of 420 nA at 27°C

An artificial iris ASIC with high voltage liquid crystal driver and 10nA light range detector and 40nA blink detector for LCD flicker removal

In a functional eye, the iris controls the pupil diameter to regulate the exposure of the retina. While iris deficiencies such as aniridia or leiomyoma can be mitigated with fixed or adaptive artificial irises [1] and adaptive transparency glasses exist to alleviate this situation, they do not mimic the normal functionality of the natural iris. To address this, a fully encapsulated, self-contained artificial iris embedded in a smart contact lens is proposed. A control ASIC is developed in 0.18 μm 16 V BCD TSMC with typ. 1.9 μw current consumption from 3 V supply voltage at office light condition

An artificial iris ASIC with high voltage liquid crystal driver, 10 nA light range detector and 40 nA blink detector for LCD flicker removal

In a normally functioning eye, the iris controls the pupil diameter to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina. Various iris deficiencies exist, manifesting as defects in the iris or an absence of one which result in too much light reaching the retina. Some iris deficiencies, such as aniridia or leiomyoma, can be mitigated with fixed or adaptive artificial irises. As an alternative, adaptive transparency glasses may also alleviate this situation, however, both solutions do not mimic the other normal functionality of the natural iris: adaptive aperture. To address this, we developed a fully encapsulated, self-contained artificial iris embedded in a smart contact lens. The control ASIC of the contact lens is developed in 0.18-μm 16-V BCD TSMC and has a typical power consumption of 1.9 μW from a 3-V supply voltage at office light condition