Caribou and Man

From April 23 to 27, 2001, more than 230 caribou experts migrated to the 9th North American Caribou Workshop, held at the tree-line in the Inuit town of Kuujjuaq, Nunavik, Québec. This community of about 1800 people near Ungava Bay was chosen over larger cities in southern Québec following a survey of potential workshop participants. Holding the conference in such a particularly appropriate location was made possible by the sustained efforts of the Organizing and Scientific Committees, by the help of the sponsors, and, above all, by the tremendous support of the people of Kuujjuaq. Keeping in mind the importance of caribou to the local people and the fact that development and other fast-growing human activities have today reached the North—for many southerners, the last frontier—the theme chosen for the 9th North American Caribou Workshop was also particularly appropriate: Caribou and Man

Beneficial Effects of Preoperative Dietary Restriction

People have always been searching for methods to stay young and live longer. For example, in the European middle ages alchemists were looking for the “potion of life”. This elixir, also known as the elixir of immortality and sometimes equated with the philosopher’s stone, is a legendary potion, or drink, that grants the drinker eternal life or eternal youth. So far no elixir has been found. The same holds for the fountain of youth, a legendary spring that reputedly restores the youth of anyone who drinks of its waters. Despite all these efforts it was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that a non-invasive way to prolong life-, and healthspan was found: dietary restriction

Foreword

The Getty Research Institute (GRI) has long been an active proponent of provenance research. As such, it was an institutional partner of the 2017–2019 German/American Provenance Research Exchange Program (PREP), which convened the 2018 session in Munich on "The Fate of Antiquities in the Nazi Era" that inspired this special issue. As a long-standing member of RIHA (International Association of Research Institutes in the History of Art) and editorial contributor on the RIHA Journal, the GRI also took on the editorial responsibility for this special issue

Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism:A Narrative Review

End-stage renal disease is often complicated by the occurrence of secondary and eventually tertiary hyperparathyroidism, characterized by increased parathormone, calcium, and phosphate concentrations. Related symptoms include pruritus and osteodynia, concentration difficulties, and feelings of depression may be present. In the long-term, end-stage renal disease patients with hyperparathyroidism have an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Among treatment options are vitamin D supplements, phosphate binders, calcimimetics, and surgical parathyroidectomy. Determining the optimal treatment for the individual patient is challenging for nephrologists and endocrine surgeons. This review resumes the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism, clinical presentation, required diagnostic work-up, and discusses indications for the available treatment options for patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism

A Mathematical Analysis of Transfer Pricing [II]

El presente estudio se realiza sobre la base del concepto competitividad utilizado en The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR), definido como la capacidad que tiene un pais para lograr altas tasas de crecimiento sostenidamente. El índice de competitividad (IC) intenta resumir las principales características estructurales que pueden pronosticar un crecimiento a mediano plazo, sobre la base de información cuantitativa y cualitativa. Para poder evaluar si este índice resulta adecuado para analizar el prospecto de crecimiento a mediano plazo, y por ende de competitividad para el Perú, se analizan los resultados que ha obtenido en los diversos componentes del IC y si estos reflejan adecuadamente la realidad del Perú. Los factores en los que el Perú ha tenido un pobre desempeño, según los indicadores del GCR, son justamente aquellos a través de los cuales se desarrollan los incrementos de productividad más importantes. Consiguientemente, estos resultados se analizan a la luz de la trayectoria de crecimiento de la economía peruana para poder identificar cambios en el patrón de crecimiento y qué sectores explican el crecimiento de la economía peruana. Se identifica que no ha habido un programa estructurado y coherente de modernización de la estructura productiva peruana. Con esto, se concluye la necesidad de políticas que ataquen comprensiva y eficientemente los problemas que impiden un crecimiento sostenido a mediano y largo plazo en el Perú. En este sentido, las prioridades que emergen para el caso del Perú son la apertura de la economía, el papel de las exportaciones, el sistema financiero, la canalización de recursos, la innovación, la tecnología y la creación de nuevas empresas. Adicionalmente, para reflejar la realidad de los problemas de competitividad de la economía peruana, se hace evidente la necesidad de utilizar también otros elementos, los que se proponen como recomendaciones en torno a ciertas variables e indicadores incluidos en los GCR

Evaluation of the 2015 ATA Guidelines in Patients with Distant Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

This is a placeholder record for the finished article. Supplemental Tables for review can be downloaded (see "__Free full text__" on the right

Deescalating Follow-up after Hemithyroidectomy for Patients with Low-risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

Importance: Structural recurrent disease (RD) after surgical treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (mPTC) is rare. We hypothesized that the RD rate after hemithyroidectomy in low-risk patients with mPTC is low.Objective: To assess the occurrence of RD in Dutch patients with mPTC who received surgical treatment according to the Dutch guidelines.Design, Setting, and Participants: This nationwide retrospective cohort study included all patients who had undergone surgery with a diagnosis of cN0/cNx mPTC in the Netherlands between January 2000 and December 2020 were identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry database. Patients with preoperative lymph node metastases were excluded. Two groups were defined: group 1 (incidental), mPTC in pathology report after thyroid surgery for another indication; and group 2 (nonincidental), patients with a preoperative highly suspect thyroid nodule (Bethesda 5) or proven mPTC (Bethesda 6). Dutch guidelines state that a hemithyroidectomy is sufficient in patients with unifocal, intrathyroidal mPTC. Main Outcomes and Measures: The occurrence of RD in patients with low-risk mPTC after hemithyroidectomy.Results: In total, 1636 patients with mPTC were included. Patients had a median (IQR) follow-up time of 71 (32-118) months. Median (IQR) age at time of diagnosis was 51 (41-61) years and 1292 (79.0%) were women. Overall, RD after initial treatment was seen in 25 patients (1.5%). The median (IQR) time to RD was 8.2 (3.6-16.5) months and 22 of the 25 (88%) patients developed RD within 2 years. Recurrent disease was not significantly different between both groups (group 1, n = 15 [1.3%]; group 2, n = 10 [2.1%]; difference, 0.8%; 95% CI, -0.5% to 2.5%). Of the 484 patients with nonincidental mPTC (group 2), 246 (50.8%) patients were treated with a hemithyroidectomy and follow-up in accordance with Dutch guidelines. Lymph node metastases were found in 1 of 246 (0.4%) patients after hemithyreoidectomy, and new mPTC in the contralateral thyroid was detected in 3 of 246 (1.2%) patients. Median (IQR) follow-up of this patient group was 37 (18-71) months. The 10-year probability of RD was 1.3% for patients without vascular invasion and 24.4% for patients with vascular invasion. Conclusions and Relevance: This nationwide cohort study found that overall, RD after hemithyroidectomy for patients with low-risk mPTC was rare (&lt;2%). Based on these results, it seems reasonable to deescalate follow-up of patients with low-risk mPTC without vascular invasion after hemithyroidectomy. From a health care perspective, deescalation of follow-up may contribute to increased sustainability and accessibility to health care, both large challenges for the future..</p