A comparative study on face recognition techniques and neural network

In modern times, face recognition has become one of the key aspects of computer vision. There are at least two reasons for this trend; the first is the commercial and law enforcement applications, and the second is the availability of feasible technologies after years of research. Due to the very nature of the problem, computer scientists, neuro-scientists and psychologists all share a keen interest in this field. In plain words, it is a computer application for automatically identifying a person from a still image or video frame. One of the ways to accomplish this is by comparing selected features from the image and a facial database. There are hundreds if not thousand factors associated with this. In this paper some of the most common techniques available including applications of neural network in facial recognition are studied and compared with respect to their performance.Comment: 8 page

Magnetic monolayer Li2_{2}N: Density Functional Theory Calculations

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to investigate the electronic and magnetic structures of a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer Li$_{2}$N. It is shown that bulk Li$_{3}$N is a non-magnetic semiconductor. The non-spinpolarized DFT calculations show that $p$ electrons of N in 2D Li$_{2}$N form a narrow band at the Fermi energy $E_{\rm{F}}$ due to a low coordination number, and the density of states at the Fermi energy ($g(E_{\rm{F}}$)) is increased as compared with bulk Li$_{3}$N. The large $g(E_{\rm{F}}$) shows instability towards magnetism in Stoner's mean field model. The spin-polarized calculations reveal that 2D Li$_{2}$N is magnetic without intrinsic or impurity defects. The magnetic moment of 1.0\,$\mu_{\rm{B}}$ in 2D Li$_{2}$N is mainly contributed by the $p_{z}$ electrons of N, and the band structure shows half-metallic behavior. {Dynamic instability in planar Li$_{2}$N monolayer is observed, but a buckled Li$_{2}$N monolayer is found to be dynamically stable.} The ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between the N atoms is also investigated to access the exchange field strength. {We found that planar (buckled) 2D Li$_{2}$N is a ferromagnetic material with Curie temperature $T_{c}$ of 161 (572) K.}Comment: Euro Phys. Lett. 2017 (Accepted

Problems of Small and Medium Enterprises in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The role of SMEs in the economic development of any economy can hardly be over emphasized. In developing country like Pakistan SMEs is the major sector of employment. The SMEs in a province like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa attains moreimportance because of its rich mineral potential, irrigated agricultural land with very hard working labor force and entrepreneurial talents. In spite of these natural blessings out of a total 2222 SMEs there are more than 330 units which have been closed their business for one reason or the other. The failure or slow growth of SMEs in the province warrants intensive study for finding out the root cause and suggest/recommend/ measures which can help revive and rejuvenate the existing SMEs and also pave way for expansion in this vital sector of the economy. This study focuses on the existing situation of SMEs in province, identifies problems confronted by the SMEs and on the basis of first-hand information collected through a questionnaire makes recommendations for improving the situation