Human Development in a Changing World

human development, growth, financing development, equity, reform

AN ECONOMIC SECURITY COUNCIL

SUMMARY An Economic Security Council is urgently needed to address issues of global human security (e.g. drugs, pollution, spread of diseases, terrorism, migration), global development (e.g. growth, employment, debt, resource transfers and global income distribution) and socioeconomic causes of conflicts within nations. Such a body should be representative of interests of all nations, carry no country veto power, and provide a day?to?day decision making form for socioeconomic issues at the highest level

Inaugural Address

Prof. Naqvi, Dr Sarfraz Qureshi, Ladies and Gentlemen! It is certainly a great privilege for me to inaugurate the Second Annual General Meeting of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists. Even though these days I have a 'small' exercise going on for the forthcoming budget, I thought it was more important that I should come here and associate myself with fellow professionals also. I am delighted to learn from Dr Qureshi that there are 400 members of this Society. It is good to know that there are so many development economists around to lend us a helping hand. I hope that this tribe will grow. We just had the great pleasure of listening to Prof. Naqvi's Presidential Address about three categories of economists: the development policy-makers, the development economists and the defunct economists. I am sure that the Address gave you both as much pleasure and as many uncomfortable thoughts as it gave me because it made us do some soul-searching to find out which category we belonged to. I made the unpleasant discovery, as I reviewed myself, that I probably belong in part to all the three categories

Implementasi dan Analisis Blind Watermarking Citra Digital dengan Skema CDMA pada Domain Wavelet

ABSTRAKSI: Seiring pertumbuhan dari sistem multimedia memberikan kemudahan dalam penyebaran konten multimedia tersebut, sehingga perlindungan terhadap penyebaran konten, seperti multimedia copyright protection, menjadi persoalan penting. Untuk penyelesaian terhadap masalah ini salah satunya adalah dengan Digital watermarking.Tugas akhir ini mengusulkan implementasi sistem blind watermarking pada citra digital dengan menggunakan skema Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) pada domain Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). DWT merupakan sebuah model yang lebih akurat pada Human Visual System (HVS) dan merupakan sebuh lingkungan yang menjanjikan untuk menerapkan robust watermarking. Sedangkan keuntungan dari CDMA adalah watermark yang direlasikan dengan Pseudo-random Noise (PN Key) sebelum disisipkan pada subband LH dan HL dari citra host yang didekomposisi 1 tingkat. Pengimplementasian dengan skema ini mampu meningkatkan robustness dengan sedikit pengaruh terhadap kualitas citra. Hasil dari pengujian terhadap sistem yang dibangun menunjukkan bahwa skema ini memiliki imperceptiblity yang baik, pada normal copyright hingga copyright dengan ukuran 40x150 pixel, dan juga robust terhadap serangan lossy image compression dan Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).Kata Kunci : blind watermarking, DWT, pseudo-random noise, skema CDMA.ABSTRACT: Along with the growth of the multimedia system, it provides ease in the distribution of multimedia content, thus the protection of distributed content, such as multimedia copyright protection, becomes an important issue. One of many solution for this problem is digital watermarking.This final project proposes an implementation of blind digital image watermarking by using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) scheme on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) domain. DWT is an accurate model of the Human Visual System (HVS) and a promising environment to apply robust watermarking. While the advantages of CDMA is a watermark that related with Pseudo-random Noise (PN Key) before being embedded in the LH and HL subband of 1-lv decomposed of host image. Through implementation of this scheme is able to increase robustness with minimal impact on image quality. The testing results, from the system had built, demonstrated that the scheme has a good imperceptiblity for the normal copyright until copyright with 40x150 pixels, and also robust against lossy image compression and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).Keyword: blind watermarking, DWT, pseudo-random noise, CDMA schem

Storytelling in den Vereinten Nationen: Mahbub ul Haq und menschliche Entwicklung

Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass Mitarbeiter der Vereinten Nationen eine wichtige Rolle in Prozessen des ideellen Wandels auf internationaler Ebene spielen können, beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit einer bestimmten Form individuellem Einflusses – dem storytelling. Mein Verständnis von storytelling als Einflusstaktik kombiniert dabei kollektive Elemente der soziologischen Praxistheorie mit den reflexiven, akteursbezogenen Überlegungen von Michel de Certeau. Ich analysiere storytelling anhand von drei analytischen Elementen: einem (chronologischen) Plot, einer Reihe von Charakteren und einem interpretativen Thema – die jeweils ihre Wirkung im Zusammenspiel mit der Subjektivität ihres storytellers entfalten. Ich illustriere diese theoretischen Überlegungen mit dem Fall von Mahbub ul Haq, dem es als Sonderberater des United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)-Administrators zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre gelungen ist, die Idee der menschlichen Entwicklung im System der Vereinten Nationen und der internationalen Entwicklungspolitik zu etablieren

Exploring the impact of gender inequities on the promotion of cardiovascular health of women in Pakistan

Cardiovascular disease exerts an enormous burden on women\u27s health. The intake of a healthy diet may reduce this burden. However, social norms and economic constraints are often factors that restrain women from paying attention to their diet. Underpinned by critical realism, this study explores how gender/sex influences decision-making regarding food consumption among women of low socioeconomic status (SES). The study was carried out at two cardiac facilities in Karachi, Pakistan, on 24 participants (male and female from different ethnic backgrounds), who had received health education. Using an interpretive descriptive approach, the study identified major barriers to a healthy diet: proscribed gender roles and lack of women\u27s autonomy, power, male domination, and abusive behaviours. Cardiovascular risk and disease outcomes for the Pakistani women of low SES are likely to further escalate if individual and structural barriers are not reduced using multifactorial approaches

Three (Potential) Pillars of Transnational Economic Justice: The Bretton Woods Institutions as Guarantors of Global Equal Treatment and Market Completion

This essay aims to bring two important lines of inquiry and criticism together. It first lays out an institutionally enriched account of what a just world economic order will look like. That account prescribes, via the requisites to that mechanism which most directly instantiate the account, three realms of equal treatment and market completion - the global products, services, and labor markets; the global investment/financial markets; and the global preparticipation opportunity allocation. The essay then suggests how, with minimal if any departure from familiar canons of traditional international legal mandate interpretation, each of the Bretton Woods institutions - particularly the GATT/WTO and the IMF - can be viewed at least in part as charged with the task of fostering equal treatment and ultimate market completion within one of those three realms. The piece then argues that one of the institutions in particular - the World Bank - has, for reasons of at best negligent and at worst willful injustice on the part of influential state actors in the world community, fallen farthest short in pursuit of what should be viewed as its proper mandate. The article accordingly concludes that a fuller empowerment of the Bank to effect its ideal mission will press the Bretton Woods system more nearly into ethical balance, and with it the world into justice; and that full empowerment of the GATT/WTO and IMF should be partly conditioned upon the fuller empowerment of the Bank